The C-FOS Antibody was raised to synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to human c-fos (4-17) coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. For induction of c-fos protein activity rats were injected with 1.0 ml of 1.5 M NaCl per 100 grams of body weight. Negative control rats were injected with the same volume of normal saline. The ImmunoStar c-fos antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. No labeling was seen in negative control rats. Recommended primary dilutions for these methods are 1/200-1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - FITC Technique and 1/4000-1/6000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by blockage of staining in experimental rats by omission of c-fos antibody or by substitution of antibody pre-incubated with synthetic peptide or the conjugate. Immunoblot analysis of mediobasal hypothalamus showed a single band of approximately 55-60 kD.
The ImmunoStar 5HT 6-receptor antibody was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates significant labeling of rat cortex, amygdala and hippocampus and other areas using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. The addition of intensifying reagents such as nickel ammonium sulfate to the chromogen solution will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic rat 5HT6 receptor (CLERPPGTPRHPPGPPLW). Immunolabeling of western blot revealed a single band of approximately 53kD.
The 5-HT 2C Receptor Antibody was raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 439-460 of the rat 5-HT2C receptor coupled to KLH and bovine thyroglobulin. The ImmunoStar 5-HT2C receptor antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat choroid plexus and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are /500 - 1/1000 in PBS - Bn/Av-HRP technique. Intensification methods such as nickel will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. The antibody was characterized by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Western blotting revealed a single band of approximately 70 kD. Preincubation of the antibody with an excess of the synthetic peptide blocked staining. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain correlates well with Northern analysis, in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography. BlastP database sequence homology searches confirmed that this sequence is unique to rat, mouse and human 5-HT2C receptors.
The 5-HT 1A Receptor Antibody was raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 294-312 of the rat 5-HT1A receptor. The antiserum is provided as 100 µL of affinity purified serum containing 1% BSA. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex, arcuate and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/100 - 1/200 in PBS - Bn/Av-HRP detection. Intensification methods such as nickel will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. The antibody was characterized by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Western blot showed a single band of approximately 45 kD. Preincubation of the antibody with an excess of the synthetic peptide blocked staining. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain correlates well with Northern analysis, in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography. BlastP database sequence homology searches confirmed that this sequence is unique to rat, mouse and human 5-HT1A receptors.
The GAT-2 antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat retina and leptomeninges using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/100-1/200 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100Â - Cy3 Technique and 1/500 - 1/1,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. The antiserum has been characterized as specific to GAT-2; please see references listed below. GAT-2 immunolabeling is completely abolished by soluble pre-adsorption with synthetic rat GAT-2 (594-602) at a concentration of 10-5 M.
The peptide control for nNOS (N-terminal) is intended for the immuno-adsorption of nNOS (N-terminal) antiserum, catalog number 24431. Pre-adsorption of nNOS (N-terminal) antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 5ug/ml nNOS (N-terminal) peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of nNOS (N-terminal) immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 25ug of lyophilized human nNOS (N-terminal), and approximately 0.09% sodium azide, sequence 134-148. Please read the instructions carefully.
The 5-HT Antibody was raised in rabbit against 5-HTP coupled to BSA with paraformaldehyde. The antibody has a proven maximum biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/1000 - 1/2000 dilution in rat raphe nuclei. Optimal dilution will vary depending upon fixation, labeling technique and/or detection system; therefore, a dilution series is recommended. The specificity of the antiserum was evaluated using a model system of gelatin-indole plugs by a method similar to published procedures (Shipper and Tilders, 1983). Results showed that the 5-HTP antibody dose dependently stained 5-HTP but did not stain any concentration of 5-HT or 5-HIAA. The antiserum was also tested by pre-adsorption with indole/paraformaldehyde/BSA conjugates. Staining was completely blocked by pre-adsorption with 5-HTP conjugate and unaffected by 5-HIAA or 5-HT conjugate.
The Calretinin Antibody was raised to chick calretinin fusion protein. The antibody has a proven maximum biotin-avidin/HRP staining at a 1/2000 - 1/4000 dilution in rat cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus.
GluR1 (Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor) Peptide Control
Background Info:
The peptide control for GluR1 is intended for the immuno-adsorption of GluR1 antiserum, catalog #24439. Pre-adsorption of GluR1 antiserum, diluted 1/4000-1/8000 according to the antibody specification sheet, with 5ug/mL GluR1 peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of GluR1 immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 25ug of lyophilized rat GluR1, and approximately 0.09% sodium azide, sequence 894-907. Please read the instructions carefully.
Raised against a C-terminal synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 894-907 of rat GluR1 coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with gluraraldehyde.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilised
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Immunogen:
Rat GluR1 (894-907)
Applications:
Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot
The GluR1 (lonotropic Glutamate Receptor1) Antibody was raised against a C-terminal synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 894-907 of rat GluR1 coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with gluraraldehyde. The antibody produces strong labeling of GluR1 at dilutions of 1/4,000 - 1/6,000 using biotin-streptavidin peroxidase technique in rat cortex and hippocampus. Western blot analysis of GluR1 transfected cells and rat brain homogenates the antibody specifically labels a single band at Uapproximately 102 kD. Western blot analysis of GluR2, 3, 4, 4C, 5, 6, and 7 transfected cells revealed no immunolabeling. Immunolabeling of the above non-NMDA transfected cells demonstrates specificity for GluR1. Additionally, immunolabeling for GluR1 is completely abolished by pre-adsorption with synthetic rat GluR1 (894-907) at 5 µg per mL of diluted antibody.
The ImmunoStar N-terminal neuronal nitric oxide synthase antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus, striatum, cortex and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/1,000 - 1/2,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP. By Western blot analysis of brain homogenates the antibody specifically labels a band of approximately 155 kD. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by pre-adsorption with synthetic human nNOS (134-148) at 5 µg per mL of diluted antibody. No cross reactivity with other forms of NOS was observed.
The 5-HT7 Receptor Antibody was raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 8-23 of the rat 5-HT7 receptor coupled to carrier protein with glutaraldehyde. The ImmunoStar 5-HT7 receptor antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/100 - 1/300 in PBS - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Note: use of Triton X-100 or other detergents is not recommended. The antibody was characterized by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain correlates well with Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography studies. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic rat 5-HT7 receptor (8-23). BlastP database sequence homology searches indicate that the amino acid sequence is unique to rat 5-HT7A, 5-HT7B and 5-HT7C. There is also significant sequence overlap with the mouse and human forms.
Raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 17-34 of the rat 5-HT5A receptor coupled to carrier protein with glutaraldehyde.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Clam, Rat
Immunogen:
Rat 5-HT5A receptor (17-34)
Applications:
Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western Blot
The 5-HT 5A Receptor Antibody was raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 17-34 of the rat 5-HT5A receptor coupled to carrier protein with glutaraldehyde. The ImmunoStar 5-HT5A Receptor was quality control tested using standard immunohisto-chemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/100 - 1/300 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100Â - Cy3 and 1/200Â - 1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100Â - Bn/Av-HRP. Intensification methods such as nickel will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. The antibody was characterized by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Immunoblots of rat brain extracts revealed the presence of two bands at molecular weights of 41 and 47 kD. The lower weight band agrees with the calculated molecular weight based on amino acid sequence. The higher weight may represent glycosylated receptor protein. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain correlates well with Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization studies. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic rat 5-HT5A receptor (17-34). BlastP database sequence homology searches indicate that the amino acid sequence is unique to rat and mouse 5-HT5A receptor.
The antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat thalamus, cortex, and hippocampus. The antiserum has been characterized as specific to parvalbumin; please see reference listed below. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/400 - 1/800 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/5,000 - 1/8,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique.
The Calbindin D-28K Antibody was raised to Calbindin D-28k purified from bovine cerebellum. The antibody has a proven maximum biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/5,000 - 1/10,000 dilution and a 4+ indirect immunofluorescence staining at a 1/500 - 1/1,000 dilution in rat striatum, cortex, and hippocampus. The antiserum has been characterized as specific to calbindin D-28k; please see reference listed below. Optimal dilution will vary depending upon fixation, labeling technique and/or detection system; therefore, a dilution series is recommended.
The peptide control for Neurokinin 1 Receptor is intended for the immuno-adsorption of Neurokinin 1 Receptor antiserum, catalog number 20060. Pre-adsorption of Neurokinin 1 Receptor antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 10 µg/mL NK1R peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of Neurokinin 1 Receptor immunolabeling.
The peptide control for Neurokinin 1 Receptor is intended for the immuno-adsorption of Neurokinin 1 Receptor antiserum, catalog number 20060. Pre-adsorption of Neurokinin 1 Receptor antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 10 µg/mL NK1R peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of Neurokinin 1 Receptor immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 100 µL of 50 mg of synthetic peptide corresponding to rat NK1R 393-407.
The peptide control for C-FOS is intended for the immuno-adsorption of C-FOS antiserum, catalog number 26209. Pre-adsorption of C-FOS antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 5ug/ml C-FOS peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of C-FOS immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 25ug of lyophilized human C-FOS, and approximately 0.09% sodium azide, sequence 4-17. Please read the instructions carefully.
The peptide control for nNOS (C-terminal) is intended for the immuno-adsorption of nNOS (C-terminal) antiserum, catalog number 24287. Pre-adsorption of nNOS (C-terminal) antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 5 µg/ml nNOS peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of nNOS (C-terminal) immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 25 µg of lyophilized human nNOS, sequence 1419-1433. Please read the instructions carefully before beginning the procedure.
Pre-adsorption of Mu Opioid Receptor antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 10 µg/ml Mu Opioid Receptor peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of Mu Opioid Receptor immunolabeling.
The ImmunoStar peptide control for 5-HT2A Receptor is intended for the immuno-adsorption of 5-HT2A Receptor antiserum, catalog number 24288. Pre-adsorption of 5-HT2A Receptor antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 5 µg/ml 5-HT2A Receptor peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of 5-HT2A Receptor immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 25 µg of lyophilized rat 5-HT2A Receptor, sequence 22-41. Also, this antiserum contains 0.09% sodium azide. Please read the instructions carefully before beginning the procedure.
The peptide control for 5-HT Transporter is intended for the immuno-adsorption of 5-HT Transporter antiserum, catalog number 24330. Pre-adsorption of 5-HT Transporter antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 5 µg/ml 5-HT Transporter peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of 5-HT Transporter immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 25 µg of lyophilized rat 5-HT Transporter, sequence 602-622. Please read the instructions carefully before beginning the procedure.
The 5-HT Transporter Peptide Control: rat 5-HT Transporter, sequence 579-599. Pre-adsorption of 5-HT Transporter antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 5 µg/ml 5-HT Transporter peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of 5-HT Transporter immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 25 µg of lyophilized rat 5-HT Transporter, sequence 602-622.
The 5-HT Transporter was raised to a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 579-599 of rat 5HT transporter coupled to KLH. The ImmunoStar serotonin (5HT) transporter was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat raphe nuclei, hypothalamus, cortex and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions for these methods are 1/800 - 1/1,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 and 1/10,000 - 1/15,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Biotin/avidin-HRP. By Western blot analysis using rat brain extracts of cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, and hindbrain, the antibody specifically labels a single band. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by pre-adsorption with synthetic rat 5HT transporter (602-622).
The 5-HT 2A Receptor Antibody was raised against a multiple antigenic peptide of an N-terminal synthetic sequence corresponding to amino acids 22-41 of rat 5HT2A receptor. The antibody is provided as 100 uL of affinity purified serum in PBS (0.02 M sodium phosphate with 0.15 M sodium chloride, pH 7.5) with 1% BSA (bovine serum albumin), and 0.02% sodium azide. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex, amygdala and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/300 - 1/500 in PBS/0.03% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. The addition of intensifying reagents such as nickel ammonium sulfate to the chromogen solution will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic rat 5HT2A receptor (22-41). Immunolabeling of Western blot revealed a single band of approximately 53kD.
The neuronal nitric oxide synthase C-terminal antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus, striatum, cortex and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/1,000 - 1/1,500 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/8,000 - 1/12,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. By Western blot analysis of brain homogenates the antibody specifically labels a band of approximately 155 kD. Immuno-labeling is completely abolished by pre-adsorption with synthetic human nNOS (1419-1433) at 5 µg per mL of diluted antibody. No cross reactivity with other forms of NOS were observed. The nNOS antiserum has been used successfully in human, rat, mouse, guinea pig, cat, and monkey tissue. Detection of nNOS from other species will depend upon sequence homology.
The antibody produces strong labeling of VAChT at dilutions of 1/200 - 1/400 using indirect immunofluorescence and at dilutions of 1/3,000 - 1/5,000 using biotin-streptavidin/HRP technique in rat basal forebrain.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilised
Host Animal:
Goat
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Immunogen:
Rat VAChT 511-530
Applications:
Electron Microscopy; Immunocytochemistry; Immunofluorescence; Immunohistochemistry.
Solute carrier family 18, member 3;solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine) member 3; solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine), member 3;rVAT; VACht
Additional Info:
The VAT Antibody produces strong labeling of VAChT at a dilution of 1/3,000 - 1/5,000 using biotin-streptavidin/HRP technique in rat basal forebrain.
Gene Symbol:
Slc18a3,60422
NCBI Gene Aliases:
Solute carrier family 18, member 3; member 3;rVAT; VACht
The 5-HIAA antibody was raised to 5-HIAA coupled to BSA with paraformaldehyde. The antibody produces moderate labeling of raphe neurons in normal rat. In rats whose serotonergic system has been activated, staining intensity is increased to a maximum label. Recommended dilutions of the antiserum are 1/200-1/400 for indirect immunofluorescence and 1/4000-1/8000 for biotin-streptavidin/HRP technique. The specificity of the antiserum was evaluated using a model system of gelatin-indole plugs by a method similar to published procedures (Schipper and Tilders, 1983). Results showed that the 5-HIAA antibody dose dependently stained 5-HIAA but did not stain any concentration of 5-HT or 5-HTP. The antiserum was also tested by pre-adsorption at 25 µg/mL with various BSA conjugates. While pre-adsorption with 5-HIAA conjugate completely eliminates immunolabeling, pre-adsorption with conjugates of 5-HT,5-HTP and dopamine had no effect on staining intensity or distribution of stain.
The Mu Opioid Receptor antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat caudate putamen and spinal cord (dorsal horn) using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/500 - 1/1000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/6000 - 1/10000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Preadsorption with MOR peptide (384-398) at 10 µg/ml completely eliminates labeling. The specificity of the antiserum was determined by immunolabeling of transfected cells, Western Blot analysis and immunoisolation studies.
The rabbit antibody for Glucagon-like Protein Receptor is generated for acetyl 65-88 amide sequence targeting rat and human proteins, but not mouse. The peptide was synthesized and cross-linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin via sulfolink coupling. The antibody is provided as 100 µL of affinity purified serum containing 1% BSA.
Produced by Dr. Mark Brownfield, the peptide sequence encoding the rat GLP2R was retrieved from the NCBI protein database and evaluated using GeneRunner software to generate antigen candidates for antibody production. Antibody was generated in rabbits and purified by affinity chromatography against the antigenic peptide. The specificity of the antibody was confirmed by Western blotting and by immunoabsorption controls is the immunohistochemistry procedure (see Nelson et al, Endocrinology 148(5)1954-1962, 2007.
The antiserum demonstrates significant labeling of enteroendocrine cells in the intestinal epithelium, as well as cell bodies of vagal afferents in nodose ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Immunolabeling of Western blot revealed a band of approximately 66 kDa in human and rat tissue.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
Glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (GLP2R) for acetyl 65-88 amide sequence targeting rat and human proteins, but not mouse.
The rabbit antibody for Glucagon-like Protein Receptor is generated for acetyl 65-88 amide sequence targeting rat and human proteins, but not mouse. The peptide was synthesized and cross-linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin via sulfolink coupling.
The CGRP Antibody was raised to rat alpha-CGRP coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. The antibody has a proven fluorescein staining at a 1/100-1/200 dilution and a strong Biotin-Streptadvidin/HRP staining at a 1/2000-1/4000 dilution in rat amygdala, and spinal cord. The specificity of the antiserum was evaluated by soluble pre-adsorption with the peptides in question at a final concentration of 10-5M. CGRP immunolabeling was completely abolished by pre-adsorption with rat α -CGRP and partially eliminated by pre-adsorption with rat -CGRP. Pre-adsorption with the following peptides resulted in no loss of immunostaining: rat amylin, rat adrenomedulin, calcitonin, neurotensin, somatostatin, substance P, leucine enkephalin, methionine enkephalin, VIP, CCK-8, vasopressin and neuropeptide Y.
The Tyrosine Hydroxylase antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat catecholamine neuron systems using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions for these methods are provided below. This antibody does not cross react with dihydropterdine reductase, dopamine-B-hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, phenylalanine hydroxylase or tryptophan hydroxylase using Western blot methods.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a member of a regulatory peptide family and has a marked sequence homology with pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide YY (PYY), which are other members of the family. In the rat central nervous system, immunohistochemistry has found NPY-like cell bodies in the cortex, caudate-putamen, hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus), hippocampus, anterior olfactory bulb, nucleus accumbens, amygdaloid complex and periaqueductal grey. NPY-like fibers and terminals are detected in high numbers in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the peri- and paraventricular regions of the hypothalamus and thalamus and in discrete hypothalamic nuclei, particularly the suprachiasmatic nucleus. It has been used to detect NPY in a wide range of species including rat, mouse, human (1-7), fish, cat, bird, guinea pig, zebrafish, squirrels, frog, and newt.
Histamine is located in mast cells, endocrine cells of the gut, blood cells and in some cells of the peripheral and central nervous system. Histamine is a potent vasodilator when secreted by mast cells found in various tissues as a result of allergic hypersensitivity or inflammation. In the central nervous system, Histamine is putative neurotransmitter. In the brain, its highest content has been found in the hypothalamus and in certain areas of the mesencephalon. The Histamine antiserum has a sensitivity level capable of detecting the low level Histamine contents of the brain. The Histamine antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/500 - 1/1000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 Cy3 Technique and 1/4000-1/6000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 biotin/avidin-HRP Technique . All staining is blocked by preabsorption of the antiserum with Histamine conjugate. Cross reactivity experiments indicate no cross reactivity with L-histidine or L-histidine containing peptides such as LH-RH.
The GHRF (Growth Hormone Releasing Factor) Antibody was raised to rat hypothalamic GHRF (1-43). The antibody produces strong labeling of GHRH at dilutions of 1/200-1/400 using indirect immunofluorescence and at dilutions of 1/2,000 - 1/4,000 using biotin/streptavidin HRP in rat hypothalamus (median eminence). Cross reactivity of GHRF antiserum was examined using the paper spot technique of Larsson (1981). Using 2 µL, 100 pmole amounts, the following substances did not react with rat GHRF antisera diluted 1/500 using the PAP labeling method: glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine isoleucine, pancreatic polypeptide (human or rat), human GHRF, somatostatin, insulin, ACTH, motilin, cholecystokinin octapeptide, substance P, molluscan cardioexcitatiory peptide, gastrin 34, and serotonin. GHRF antiserum had a very good reactivity using rat GHRF at 2 µL, 100 pmole amounts.
The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescence at 1/400 - 1/800 and 4+ biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/2000 - 1/4000 dilution in rat brainstem, cerebellum and adrenal medulla. Using Western blot of purified DBH the antiserum detects a triplet at approximately 72-74 kD.
This antibody has been shown to react strongly with human GFAP as well as with GFAP from rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, kangaroo, sheep, cat and monkey. Excellent staining results were obtained when rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein serum was tested.
The gamma amino butyric acid antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat thalamus and cerebellum using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/15,000- 1/20,000 in PBS /0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP technique. The specificity of the antiserum for GABA was evaluated using a competitive inhibition ELISA. While conjugates of GABA completely eliminate labeling, a 1000 fold excess of the following conjugates could not inhibit the antiserums ability to bind GABA conjugate: glutamate, aspartate, beta alanine, tyrosine, taurine, glycine and alanine.
The ImmunoStar gamma amino butyric acid antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat thalamus and cerebellum using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/15,000- 1/20,000 in PBS /0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP technique. The specificity of the antiserum for GABA was evaluated using a competitive inhibition ELISA. While conjugates of GABA completely eliminate labeling, a 1000 fold excess of the following conjugates could not inhibit the antiserums ability to bind GABA conjugate: glutamate, aspartate, beta alanine, tyrosine, taurine, glycine and alanine.
The ImmunoStar VIAAT antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods in rat brain and spinal cord using biotin/avidin-HRP techniques.Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by soluble pre-adsorption and Western blot. Tissue staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with an excess of rat VIAAT peptide residues 511-525. Western blot analysis of immunoprecipitated rat brain homogenates demonstrates a dense immunoreactive band of approximately 57 kD and a minor band of approximately 36 kD.
The FMRF-Amide antiserum was quality control tested using standard histochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/400 - 1/800 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 -Cy3 Technique and 1/1,000 - 1/2,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 100 µg/mL of FMRF-Amide.
The antibody has a proven strong immunofluorescent staining at a 1/200-1/400 dilution, and a 4+ Biotin-Streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/500-1/1000 dilution, in rat adrenal medulla and rat stomach.
The CRF Antibody was raised to synthetic ovine CRF. The ImmunoStar serotonin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat median eminence using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/200 - 1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/1000 - 1/2000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Biotin/Avidin-HRP Technique. Immuno-labeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic CRF at 100 ug per mL of diluted antibody.
The 5-HT BSA/Conjugate Control was prepared by cross-linking 5-HT creatinine sulfate complex to BSA with paraformaldehyde. Pre-adsorption of Serotonin antisera, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 20 µg/ml Serotonin/BSA conjugate following the instructions below provides complete blockage of Serotonin immunolabeling. The conjugate is provided as 50 µg of lyophilized Serotonin creatinine sulfate coupled to BSA with paraformaldehyde.
The 5-HT Rabbit Antibody was raised against serotonin coupled to BSA with paraformaldehyde. The ImmunoStar serotonin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus, raphe nuclei and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/1,000-1/2,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/20,000-1/40,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 25 ug of serotonin/BSA. Cross reactivity of Serotonin antisera was examined. With 5µg, 10µg and 25µg amounts the following substances did not react with Serotonin antisera diluted 1/20,000 using the Bn-SA/HRP labeling method: 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindole -3- acetic acid, and dopamine.
The 5-HT Goat Rabbit Antibody was raised against serotonin coupled to BSA with paraformaldehyde. The ImmunoStar serotonin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/400 - 1/800 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/5000 - 1/10,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 100 µg of serotonin/BSA conjugate.
The CCK-8 Antibody was raised to sulphated CCK-8 (26-33) coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescent staining at a 1/100-1/200 dilution and a strong Biotin-Streptavidin/HRP immunostaining at a 1/500-1/1000 dilution in rat hypothalamus and spinal cord. The specificity of the antiserum was examined by soluble pre-adsorption with the peptides in question at a final concentration of 10-6M CCK-8 immunolabeling was completely abolished by pre-adsorption with CCK-8, gastrin 17 and gastrin 34. Pre-adsorption with the following peptides resulted in no reduction of immunostaining: α-CGRP, -CGRP, neurotensin, somatostatin, substance P, leucine enkephalin, methionine enkephalin, VIP, neuropeptide Y, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, bombesin, glucagon, peptide YY, and FMRF amide.
The antibody has a proven strong fluorescent staining at a 1/200-1/400 dilution and a strong Biotin-Streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/4000-1/6000 dilution in rat amygdala, cortex, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. The specificity of the antiserum was examined by soluble pre-adsorption with the peptides in question at a final concentration of 10-5 M. VIP immunolabeling was completely abolished by pre-adsorption with VIP. Pre-adsorption with the following peptides resulted in no reduction of immunostaining: Secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, somatostatin, glucagon, insulin, ACTH, gastrin 34, FMRF-amide, rat GHRF, human GHRF, peptide histidine isoleucine 27, rat pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, peptide YY, substance P, neuropeptide Y, and CGRP. The histochemical antibody for VIP is generated in a rabbit against porcine VIP conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin with carbodiimide. The antibody is provided as 100 µL of lyophilized whole serum, and 0.09% sodium azide.
The Glucagon Antibody was raised to glucagon coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. The antibody has a proven strong Biotin-Streptavidin/HRP immunostaining at a 1/500-1/1000 dilution in human pancreatic islets. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody in an excess of glucagon. Preadsorption of the diluted antibody with an excess of the following substances had no effect on glucagon labeling: secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine isoleucine-27, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, rat and human growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin.
The antibody produces a strong postive labeling of LHRH at dilutions of 1/200-1/400 using indirect immunofluorescence and at dilutions of 1/2,000 - 1,4,000 using biotin-streptavidin/HRP in rat hypothalamus (median eminence). Optimal dilution will vary depending upon fixation, labeling technique and/or detection system; therefore, a dilution series is recommended. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 5 µg of LHRH per mL of diluted antiserum.
The Alpha-MSH Antibody was raised to synthetic human a-MSH coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. The ImmunoStar alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat pituitary using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/100-1/200 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - FITC Technique and 1/4000-1/6000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 100 ug/mL of alpha-MSH.
The Bombesin Antibody was raised to synthetic human bombesin coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. The ImmunoStar bombesin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat dorsal horn of spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/400-1/600 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/1,000-1/2,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of 1 mL of diluted antibody with 50 µg of bombesin.
The Neurotensin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat amygdala using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/200-1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton x-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/4000-1/8000 in PBS/0.3% Triton x-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment with 10 µg of Neurotensin per 1 mL of diluted antibody.
The ACTH Antibody was raised to ACTH (1-39) purified from porcine pituitary. The antibody produces a maximum fluorescein staining at a 1/100 - 1/200 dilution and a 4+ biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/500 - 1/1000 dilution in rat anterior/intermediate pituitary. Optimal dilution will vary depending upon fixation, labeling technique and/or detection system; therefore, a dilution series is recommended. The recommened dilution series are 1/100-1/200 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - FITC Technique and 1/500-1/1000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn-SA/HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 100 µg/mL of ACTH.
The antibody has a proven strong fluorescent staining at a 1/400 - 1/800 dilution and a proven strong biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/2000 - 1/4000 dilution in rat hypothalamus. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 10 µg/mL of arginine vasopressin. Pre-adsorption with as much as 100 µg/mL of oxytocin had no effect on immunolabeling.
The Oxytocin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/200 - 1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - FITC and 1/4,000 - 1/8,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of 1 mL of the diluted antibody with 5 µg of Oxytocin. Pretreatment of 1 mL of the diluted antibody with as much as 100 µg of vasopressin does not diminish staining.
The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescent staining at a 1/400-1/800 dilution and strong Biotin-Streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/1000-1/2000 dilution in rat hypothalamus (median eminence). The specificity of the antiserum was examined by soluble pre-adsorption with the peptides in question at a final concentration of 106M. Somatostatin immunolabeling was completely abolished by pre-adsorption with somatostatin, somatostatin 25, and somatostatin 28. Pre-adsorption with the following peptides resulted in no reduction of immunostaining: substance P, amylin, glucagon, insulin, neuropeptide Y, and VIP.
The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescent staining at a 1/400 - 1/600 dilution and a proven strong biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/1000 - 1/2000 dilution in rat globus pallidus and spinal cord. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment with 50 µg of Leucine Enkephalin per mL of diluted antiserum. Pretreatment with 50 µg of Methionine Enkephalin per mL of diluted antiserum also significantly blocks staining.
The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescent staining at a 1/400-1/600 dilution and a proven 4+ biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at 1/1,000-1/1,200 dilution in rat globus pallidus and amygdala. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment with 100 µg of methionine enkephalin per mL of diluted antiserum. Pretreatment with 100 µg of leucine enkephalin only partially blocks staining.
The Substance P antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat substantia nigra and spinal cord using biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/500-1/1000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Fluorchrome and 1/6000-1/8000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. The specificity of the antiserum for Substance P was demonstrated using soluble pre-adsorption with the peptides in question at a final concentration of 10 µg of peptide per mL of diluted antiserum. Substance P immunolabeling was completely abolished by pre-adsorption with Substance P. Pre-adsorption with the following peptides resulted in no reduction of immunostaining: neurokinin A, neurokinin B, somatostatin and neuropeptide K.
The Beta-Endorphin Antibody was raised to synthetic human beta endorphin coupled to KLH with carbodiimide. The antibody produces a strong indirect immunofluorescent staining at a 1/200 - 1/400 dilution and a 4+ biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/1000 - 1/2000 dilution in rat anterior pituitary. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 10-6 M of Ã-Endorphin. Pre-adsorption of the diluted antibody with 10-6M of the following substances had no effect on -Endorphin labeling: methionine enkephalin, leucine enkaphalin, dynorphin A, dynorphin B, gamma-endorphin, alpha-endorphin, ACTH and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone.
The histochemical antibody for Neurokinin 3 Receptor is generated in a rabbit from a synthetic peptide corresponding to rat NK3R 438-452 coupled to carrier protein. The antiserum is provided as l00 µL of affinity purified liquid.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Expected Species:
100% sequence homology with rat, human, mouse, dog and gerbil
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to rat NK3R 438-452 coupled to carrier protein.
The NK3R antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods in rat hypothalamus using biotin/avidin-HRP techniques.Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by soluble pre-adsorption and Western blot. Tissue staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 25 mg of rat NK3R peptide residues 438-452. Western blot analysis of crude rat brain homogenate demonstrates two immunoreactive bands of approximately 80 and 115 kD.
The histochemical antibody for Neurokinin 1 Receptor is generated in a rabbit from a synthetic peptide corresponding to rat NK1R 393-407 coupled to carrier protein. The antiserum is provided as l00 µL of lyophilized whole serum.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilised
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Expected Species:
100% sequence homology with rat and gerbil, 93% with mouse, 78% with human
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to rat NK1R 393-407 coupled to carrier protein.
The NK1R antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods in rat brain using biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by soluble pre-adsorption and Western blot. Tissue staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 10 mg of rat NK1R peptide residues 393-407. Western blot analysis demonstrates two immunoreactive bands of approximately 70 and 110 kD.
The Insulin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat pancreatic beta cells using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions for these methods are 1/500-1/1000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/3000-1/5000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Immuostaining is completely abolished by soluble pre-adsorption with bovine insulin at 10 µg per mL of diluted antiserum.
The histochemical antibody for Vesicular Monoamine Trnasporter 2 (VMAT2) is generated in a rabbit from a synthetic peptide corresponding to rat VMAT2 496-515 coupled to carrier protein. The antiserum is provided as l00 µL of lyophilized whole serum.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilised
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Expected Species:
100% sequence homology with rat, 85% with mouse and 93% with human
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to rat VMAT2 496-515 coupled to carrier protein.
Applications:
Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot
The VMAT2 antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods in rat brain and adrenal medulla using biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by soluble pre-adsorption and Western blot. Tissue staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with an excess of rat VMAT2 peptide residues 496-515. Western blot analysis of immunoprecipitated rat brain homogenates demonstrates a dense immunoreactive band of approximately 55 kD and a minor band of approximately 75 kD.
The histochemical antibody for Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 1 (VMAT1) is generated in a rabbit from a synthetic peptide corresponding to rat VMAT1 502-521 coupled to carrier protein. The antiserum is provided as l00 µL of lyophilized whole serum.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilised
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Expected Species:
100% sequence homology with rat, 90% with mouse and human
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to rat VMAT1 502-521 coupled to carrier protein.
Applications:
Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot
The VMAT1 antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods in rat adrenal medulla using biotin/avidin-HRP techniques; the antiserum shows no reactivity in rat CNS. Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by soluble pre-adsorption and Western blot. Tissue staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with an excess of rat VMAT1 peptide residues 502-521. Western blot analysis of immunoprecipitated rat adrenal homogenates demonstrates a dense immunoreactive band of approximately 55 kD and a minor band of approximately 75 kD.
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