The PRKDC gene encodes the catalytic subunit of a nuclear DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK). The second component is the autoimmune antigen Ku (MIM 152690), which is encoded by the G22P1 gene on chromosome 22q. On its own, the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK is inactive and relies on the G22P1 component to direct it to the DNA and trigger its kinase activity; PRKDC must be bound to DNA to express its catalytic properties.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PRKDC expressed in E. Coli.
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) consists of two catalytic subunits and a regulatory subunit dimer. This gene encodes the gamma form of its catalytic subunit. The gene is intronless and is thought to be a retrotransposon derived from the gene for the alpha form of the PKA catalytic subunit.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PRKACG expressed in E. Coli.
The protein belongs to the ser/thr protein kinase family. It is the catalytic subunit of the 5'-prime-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a cellular energy sensor conserved in all eukaryotic cells. The kinase activity of AMPK is activated by the stimuli that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio. AMPK regulates the activities of a number of key metabolic enzymes through phosphorylation. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PRKAA1 expressed in E. Coli.
Protein-kinase-C-related kinases (PRKs) are part of the lipid-regulated protein kinases (PKC) which also include liver PAK & PKN. Human PRK1 and PRK2 share structurally similar catalytic domains, but less similar N-terminal regulatory regions suggesting different regulatory domain functions. PRK1 and PRK2, as well as a third member of this family, PRK3, show distinct patterns of expression in adult tissues. Additionally, the serine-threonine kinase PRK2 can be specifically cleaved by caspase-3 (and/or caspase-3-like subfamily members) during apoptosis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PRK2 expressed in E. Coli.
PRDM1/Blimp1 is a repressor of beta-interferon gene expression. This action is exerted by binding to the PRDI (positive regulatory domain I element) of the beta-IFN gene promoter. The transcription of this gene is increased upon virus induction. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been reported.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PRDM1 expressed in E. Coli.
PRAK (p38-regulated /activated kinase), also referred to as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase (MAPKAPK)-5, is an ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase regulated by p38a and p38ß MAP kinases. Activated JNK, p38? or p38d are unable to induce phosphorylation of PRAK in vitro. Phosphorylation of PRAK occurs in vivo in response to p38 activation by stress-related extracellular stimuli including UV light, oxidation and proinflammatory cytokines. Two other substrates for p38, MAPKAPK-2 and MAPKAPK-3/3pK, share approximately 45% sequence homology with PRAK including the phosphorylation motif recognized by p38, Lys-X-Thr-Pro. Activated PRAK has been shown to specifically phosphorylate HSP 27 in vitro, suggesting that the protein may play a role in stress-induced small heat shock protein phosphorylation in vivo.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PRAK expressed in E. Coli.
PR(progesterone receptor), with 933-amino acid protein (about 110kDa), a member of the steroid receptor superfamily, mediates the physiologic effects of progesterone, PR is mediated by two functionally different isoforms of the progesterone receptor, the full length PR-B and the short form PR-A. The PR-A and PR-B proteins are 94 kDa and 114 kDa respectively. That are equimolar in the normal breast but dysregulated in advanced disease. PR is prognostic markers in breast cancers irrespective of the patient's progestational status Human progesterone.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PR expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. Increased PP1 activity has been observed in the end stage of heart failure. Studies in both human and mice suggest that PP1 is an important regulator of cardiac function. Mouse studies also suggest that PP1 functions as a suppressor of learning and memory. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PPP1CA expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. Increased PP1 activity has been observed in the end stage of heart failure. Studies in both human and mice suggest that PP1 is an important regulator of cardiac function. Mouse studies also suggest that PP1 functions as a suppressor of learning and memory. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PPP1A expressed in E. Coli.
PPARG: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PPARG (aa170-270) expressed in E. Coli.
The enzyme encoded by this gene is an arylesterase that mainly hydrolyzes paroxon to produce p-nitrophenol. Paroxon is an organophosphorus anticholinesterase compound that is produced in vivo by oxidation of the insecticide parathion. Polymorphisms in this gene are a risk factor in coronary artery disease. The gene is found in a cluster of three related paraoxonase genes at 7q21.3. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PON1 (AA: 20-155) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the sialomucin protein family. The encoded protein was originally identified as an important component of glomerular podocytes. Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells with interdigitating foot processes covering the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. Other biological activities of the encoded protein include: binding in a membrane protein complex with Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor to intracellular cytoskeletal elements, playing a role in hematopoetic cell differentiation, and being expressed in vascular endothelium cells and binding to L-selectin. (provided by RefSeq)Tissue specificity: Glomerular epithelium cell (podocyte)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PODXL expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the sialomucin protein family. The encoded protein was originally identified as an important component of glomerular podocytes. Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells with interdigitating foot processes covering the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. Other biological activities of the encoded protein include: binding in a membrane protein complex with Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor to intracellular cytoskeletal elements, playing a role in hematopoetic cell differentiation, and being expressed in vascular endothelium cells and binding to L-selectin. (provided by RefSeq)Tissue specificity: Glomerular epithelium cell (podocyte)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PODXL expressed in E. Coli.
Pirh 2 (P53 induced RING-H2 protein), also known as RCHY1, it forms dimers through its N- and C-terminus in cells. The Pirh2 has ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and it binds with p53 and promotes the ubiquitin-mediated proteosomal degradation of p53. The Pirh2 is oncogenic because loss of p53 function contributes directly to malignant tumor development. Pirh2 expression decreases the level of p53, and a decrease of endogenous Pirh2 expression increases p53 levels. Pirh2 is therefore considered, together with MDM2, to act as a negative regulator of p53 function.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Pirh2 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is an adaptor protein which contains five LIM domains, or double zinc fingers. The protein is likely involved in integrin signaling through its LIM domain-mediated interaction with integrin-linked kinase, found in focal adhesion plaques. It is also thought to act as a bridge linking integrin-linked kinase to NCK adaptor protein 2, which is involved in growth factor receptor kinase signaling pathways. Its localization to the periphery of spreading cells also suggests that this protein may play a role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion or spreading. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PINCH expressed in E. Coli.
Metadherin (Metastasis adhesion protein), also known as MTDH, LYsine-RIch CEACAM1 co-isolated (LYRIC), is a novel protein that localizes with the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin in polarized epithelial cells. At the tight junction, it acts not as a structural component, but is rather recruited during the maturation of the tight junction complex. Metadherin is overexpressed in breast cancer tissue and breast tumor xenografts, while much lower levels are expressed in normal breast tissue. Metadherin binds to lung vasculature, one of the four common sites of breast cancer metastasis, through a C-terminal segment in the extracellular domain; blocking this lung-homing domain with antibodies or inhibiting metadherin with siRNA has been reported to inhibit breast cancer metastasis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Metadherin expressed in E. Coli.
Mesp1 (mesoderm posterior 1) is a basic helix-loop-helix-type transcription factor, which along with its related proteins, has an essential role in both segmentation and rostro-caudal patterning of somites in the anterior pre-somitic mesoderm. Mesp1 is expressed in many of the precursors of the cardiovascular system and is known to play a role in the process of cardiac morphogenesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MESP1 expressed in E. Coli.
MER (c-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase) is a member of the MER/AXL/TYRO3 receptor kinase family and encodes a transmembrane protein with two fibronectin type-III domains, two Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, and one tyrosine kinase domain. MER has been identified as a tyrosine kinase potentially involved in the development of glioblastomas. It is expressed at highest levels in ovary, prostate, lung and kidney. Gas6, a growth arrest specific gene, and the related anticoagulation factor Protein S have been identified as ligands for the UFO family of receptors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) phagocytosis pathway and onset of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of MER expressed in E. Coli.
MAP4K4: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase has been shown to specifically activate MAPK8/JNK. The activation of MAPK8 by this kinase is found to be inhibited by the dominant-negative mutants of MAP3K7/TAK1, MAP2K4/MKK4, and MAP2K7/MKK7, which suggests that this kinase may function through the MAP3K7-MAP2K4-MAP2K7 kinase cascade, and mediate the TNF-alpha signaling pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of MAP4K4 (aa400-500) expressed in E. Coli.
MAP4K4: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase has been shown to specifically activate MAPK8/JNK. The activation of MAPK8 by this kinase is found to be inhibited by the dominant-negative mutants of MAP3K7/TAK1, MAP2K4/MKK4, and MAP2K7/MKK7, which suggests that this kinase may function through the MAP3K7-MAP2K4-MAP2K7 kinase cascade, and mediate the TNF-alpha signaling pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of MAP4K4 (aa400-500) expressed in E. Coli.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades include MAPK or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), MAPK kinase (MKK or MEK), and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MEKK). MAPKK kinase/MEKK phosphorylates and activates its downstream protein kinase, MAPK kinase/MEK, which in turn activates MAPK. The kinases of these signaling cascades are highly conserved, and homologs exist in yeast, Drosophila, and mammalian cells. MAPKKK5 contains 1,374 amino acids with all 11 kinase subdomains. Northern blot analysis shows that MAPKKK5 transcript is abundantly expressed in human heart and pancreas. The MAPKKK5 protein phosphorylates and activates MKK4 (aliases SERK1, MAPKK4) in vitro, and activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) during transient expression in COS and 293 cells; MAPKKK5 does not activate MAPK/ERK.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAP3K5 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase preferentially activates other kinases involved in the MAP kinase signaling pathway. This kinase has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate Ikappa B kinases, and thus plays a role in NF-kappa B signaling pathway. This kinase has also been found to bind and activate protein kinase C-related kinase 2, which suggests its involvement in a regulated signaling process.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAP3K2 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically activates MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2, and this kinase itself is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases including MAP3K1/MEKK1, MAP3K2/MEKK2,MAP3K3/MEKK5, and MAP4K2/GCK. This kinase is involved in the signal transduction mediating the cell responses to proinflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found, but only one transcript variant has been supported and defined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAP2K7 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the dual specificity protein kinase family, which functions as a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals. This protein phosphorylates and activates p38 MAP kinase in response to inflammatory cytokines or environmental stress. As an essential component of p38 MAP kinase mediated signal transduction pathway, this gene is involved in many cellular processes such as stress induced cell cycle arrest, transcription activation and apoptosis. Tissue specificity: Isoform 2 is only expressed in skeletal muscle. Isoform 1, on the other hand, is found in skeletal muscle, heart, and in lesser extent in liver or pancreas .
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAP2K6 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the dual specificity protein kinase family, which functions as a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals. This protein phosphorylates and activates p38 MAP kinase in response to inflammatory cytokines or environmental stress. As an essential component of p38 MAP kinase mediated signal transduction pathway, this gene is involved in many cellular processes such as stress induced cell cycle arrest, transcription activation and apoptosis. Tissue specificity: Isoform 2 is only expressed in skeletal muscle. Isoform 1, on the other hand, is found in skeletal muscle, heart, and in lesser extent in liver or pancreas.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAP2K6 expressed in E. Coli.
MAP2K4(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4), which is located on chromosome 17p11.2, with 399-amino acid protein (about 45 kDa), belongs to the family of protein kinases located upstream of the MAP kinases and responsible for their activation has been identified. MEK-4 (also called MEK4/MKK4) activates both p38 and JNK MAP kinases. MKK4 is a central mediator in the stress activated protein kinase signaling pathway that responds to a number of cellular and environmental stressors. By phosphorylating MAP kinases such as JNK,MKK4 can ultimately transmit stress signals to nuclear transcription factors that mediate various processes including proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Its distinct biological functions have been identified for MKK4 including a role in development, hepatogenesis, and metastasis suppression.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of MAP2K4 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This kinase is a direct activator of MAP kinases in response to various environmental stresses or mitogenic stimuli. It has been shown to activate MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2, and MAPK14/p38, but not MAPK1/ERK2 or MAPK3/ERK3. This kinase is phosphorylated, and thus activated by MAP3K1/MEKK. The knockout studies in mice suggested the roles of this kinase in mediating survival signal in T cell development, as well as in the organogenesis of liver.Tissue specificity: Abundant expression is seen in the skeletal muscle. It is also widely expressed in other tissues .
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAP2K4 expressed in E. Coli.
MAP2K2, also called MEK2, it is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase is known to play a critical role in mitogen growth factor signal transduction. It phosphorylates and thus activates MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK2/ERK3. The activation of this kinase itself is dependent on the Ser/Thr phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinase kinases. Mutations in this gene cause cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC syndrome), a disease characterized by heart defects, mental retardation, and distinctive facial features similar to those found in Noonan syndrome. The inhibition or degradation of this kinase is also found to be involved in the pathogenesis of Yersinia and anthrax.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAP2K2 expressed in E. Coli.
The product of this gene is a subunit of neuronal microtubule-associated MAP1A and MAP1B proteins, which are involved in microtubule assembly and important for neurogenesis. Studies on the rat homolog implicate a role for this gene in autophagy, a process that involves the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic component.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAP1LC3B expressed in E. Coli.
Mammaglobin is a gene that is expressed almost exclusively in the normal breast epithelium and human breast cancer. It is a member of the secretoglobin gene family and forms a heterodimer with lipophilin B. It has been suggested that mammaglobin may be a useful marker for breast cancer clinical research. Studies investigating the detection of mRNA by RT PCR from circulating carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients have shown that mammaglobin is a highly specific marker and correlates with several prognostic factors, such as lymph node involvement.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Mammaglobin-1 expressed in E. Coli.
Lyn (also known as p53/56 Lyn) is a membrane-associated protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) mostly expressed in hemopoietic cells which is important in cellular signaling. It contains an SH2 and SH3 domain and has been found to be cleaved after activation of caspases in apoptosis. A member of the Src family of PTKs, there are two known isoforms for Lyn which plays an indispensable role in the Fc epsilon RI (Fcer1) and the B-cell IgM receptor signaling pathway and is essential for Syk activation and Lat phosphorylation after Fcer1 aggregation and can also phosphor-ylate Tec on multiple residues. Lyn can also be regulated by IL-2 and IL-3.Lyn is a member of the src family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases that is predominantly expressed in haematopoietic tissues. Like all members of the src family, lyn is thought to participate in signal transduction from cell surface receptors that lack intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. It is associated with a number of cell surface receptors including the B cell antigen receptor and immunoglobulin E receptor (FceRI).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of LYN expressed in E. Coli.
The amine oxidase domain 2 (AOF2) gene encodes a nuclear protein (LSD1, ~95kDa) containing a Swirm domain, a FAD-binding motif, and an amine oxidase domain. This protein is a component of several histone deacetylase complexes, though it silences genes by functioning as a histone demethylase. LSD1 is a chromatin-modifying enzyme, which serve as a docking module for the stabilization of the associated corepressor complex (es) on chromatin.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human LSD1 expressed in E. Coli.
LIM domain containing preferred translocation partner in lipoma. The Zyxin family of proteins contains five members, Ajuba, LIMD1, LPP,TRIP6 and Zyxin. LPP (LIM-containing lipoma-preferred partner), a LIM domain-containing scaffolding protein contains three LIM domains at its carboxy terminus, which are preceded by a proline-rich pre-LIM region containing a number of protein interaction domains. LPP, an 80 kDa protein, localizes to sites of cell adhesion, such as focal adhesions and cell-cell contacts,and shuttles to the nucleus where it has transcriptional activation capacity.The human LPP gene maps to chromosomal location 3q28, and preferentially translocates to the HMGIC gene in a subclass of human benign mesenchymal tumors known as lipomas.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human LPP expressed in E. Coli.
LPL: lipoprotein lipase, also known as LIPD, HDLCQ11. Entrez Protein: NP_000228. It is expressed in heart, muscle, and adipose tissue. LPL functions as a homodimer, and has the dual functions of triglyceride hydrolase and ligand/bridging factor for receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake. Severe mutations that cause LPL deficiency result in type I hyperlipoproteinemia, while less extreme mutations in LPL are linked to many disorders of lipoprotein metabolism.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of LPL expressed in E. Coli.
LPA: lipoprotein, Lp(a). Apo(a) is the main constituent of lipoprotein(a) (lp(a)). It has serine proteinase activity and is able of autoproteolysis. Inhibits tissue-type plasminogen activator 1.Lp(a) may be a ligand for megalin/gp 330.Apo(a) is known to be proteolytically cleaved, leading to the formation of the so-called mini-lp(a).Apo(a) fragments accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions,where they may promote thrombogenesis.O-glycosylation may limit the extent of proteolytic fragmentation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of LPA (4330-4521) expressed in E. Coli.
The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure and gene expression. Vertebrate lamins consist of two types, A and B. Through alternate splicing, this gene encodes three type A lamin isoforms. Mutations in this gene lead to several diseases: Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial partial lipodystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human LMNA expressed in E. Coli.
LIN28: lin-28 homolog (C. elegans), also known as CSDD1, ZCCHC1. Entrez Protein NP_078950. LIN28 was first discovered in the nematode C. elegans. It is a heterochronic protein in C. elegans involved in the timing of developmental events and choice of stage specific cell fates. LIN28 expression has been found to be regulated post-transcriptionally by miRNAs in both nematodes and mammals. In humans it is expressed in embryonic stem cells and its expression decreases during differentiation. It is negatively regulated by retinoic acid in neuronal differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of LIN28 (aa93-209) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a protein belonging to a large protein family, members of which carry the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional regulator. The protein can recapitulate or rescue phenotypes in Drosophila caused by a related protein, suggesting conservation of function during evolution.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human LHX2 expressed in E. Coli.
LCN1: lipocalin 1 (tear prealbumin), also known as TP, PMFA, VEGP. Entrez Protein: NP_002288. The protein belongs to the lipocalin family. Lipocalins are a group of extracellular proteins that are able to bind lipophiles by enclosure within their structures to minimize solvent contact. This protein may bind hydrophobic ligands and inhibit cysteine proteinases. It may also play a role in taste reception and could be necessary for the concentration and delivery of sapid molecules in the gustatory system.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of LCN1 expressed in E. Coli.
Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase), with 509-amino acid protein (about 56kDa), belongs to the Src non-receptor tyrosine kinases family. By virtue of common structural motifs, the Src family is composed of nine members in vertebrates, including Src, Yes, Fgr, Frk, Fyn, Lyn, Hck, Lck and Blk. Lck is expressed predominantly in T cells and is localized to the inner surface of the plasma membrane. Lck is activated after T cell stimulation and is required for T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production. Aberrant expression or activation of Lck kinase has been reported in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid malignancies. In addition, inhibition of Lck has been a target to prevent lymphocyte activation and acute rejection.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Lck expressed in E. Coli.
LAMB1: laminin, beta 1. Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the beta chain isoform laminin, beta 1. The beta 1 chain has 7 structurally distinct domains which it shares with other beta chain isomers. The C-terminal helical region containing domains I and II are separated by domain alpha, domains III and V contain several EGF-like repeats, and domains IV and VI have a globular conformation. Laminin, beta 1 is expressed in most tissues that produce basement membranes, and is one of the 3 chains constituting laminin 1, the first laminin isolated from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor. A sequence in the beta 1 chain that is involved in cell attachment, chemotaxis, and binding to the laminin receptor was identified and shown to have the capacity to inhibit metastasis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of LAMB1 (aa31-270) expressed in E. Coli.
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), with 378-amino acid protein( 43-54 kDa), functions in the lysosome to catalyze the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides which are taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis. An inherited deficiency or low activity of human lysosomal acid lipase results in the intralysosomal storage of the respective lipid substrates. So it is also responsible for the rare conditions of Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). As the enzyme is synthesized by all nucleated cells, lipid-laden cells are found in all organs, particularly in liver, spleen, the adrenal and the hemopoietic system, and in the intestine as well as in the lymph nodes, lungs, testes, and ovaries.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of LAL expressed in E. Coli.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the gamma-(2)-herpesvirus subfamily and has been closely linked to the Kaposis sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castlemans disease. The genome of KSHV is 165-170 kb and contains at least 88 open reading frames. KSHV ORF8 is a virion envelope-associated protein. Akula et al (2003) report it acts as a Glycoprotein B mediated signaling during virus entry. This Glycoprotein possesses the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif and utilizes alpha3beta1 integrin as one of the receptors for its entry into the target cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide, corresponding to amino acids sequence of KSHV ORF8.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the gamma-(2)-herpesvirus subfamily and has been closely linked to the Kaposis sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castlemans disease. The genome of KSHV is 165-170 kb and contains at least 88 open reading frames. At least five major proteins are likely to be involved in the assembly of the HHV-8 capsid, including a protease (encoded by ORF17), the major capsid protein (encoded by ORF25), and three other smaller capsid proteins (encoded by ORF62, ORF26, and ORF65). Previous structural studies have shown that the HSV-1 triplex is a monomer of VP19c and a dimer of VP23 and that the HCMV triplex is similarly composed of a monomer and a dimer. By analogy, the KSHV triplexes are likely also composed of a monomer of the ORF62 protein and a dimer of the ORF26 protein, which are the respective homologs of VP19c and VP23.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KSHV ORF62 expressed in E. Coli.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the gamma-(2)-herpesvirus subfamily and has been closely linked to the Kaposis sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castlemans disease. The genome of KSHV is 165-170 kb and contains at least 88 open reading frames. ORF45 protein encoded by an immediate-early gene in the KSHV genome is characterized as a phosphorylated protein, and it is localized in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Studies have shown that ORF45 Protein interacted with cellular IRF-7 and blocked virus-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-7. In consequence, ORF45 efficiently inhibited virus-induced production of type I IFN. Zhu et al (2003) reported that the ORF45 Protein was associated with purified virions
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of KSHV ORF45 expressed in E. Coli.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the gamma-(2)-herpesvirus subfamily and has been closely linked to the Kaposis sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castlemans disease. The genome of KSHV is 165-170 kb and contains at least 88 open reading frames. KSHV ORF26 open reading frames are juxtaposed and span from nucleotide (nt) 46933 to 47850 of the virus genome. Akula et al (2003) report it acts as a Capsid protein.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of KSHV ORF26 expressed in E. Coli.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the gamma-(2)-herpesvirus subfamily and has been closely linked to the Kaposis sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castlemans disease. The genome of KSHV is 165-170 kb and contains at least 88 open reading frames. KSHV K8 and K8.1 open reading frames are juxtaposed and span from nucleotide (nt) 74850 to 76695 of the virus genome. A K8 pre-mRNA overlaps the entire K8.1 coding region, and alternative splicing of KSHV K8 and K8.1 pre-mRNAs each produces three isoforms (a, ß, and ?) of the mRNAs.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of KSHV K8a expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis. The type I cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KRT19 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis. The type I cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KRT19 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. Keratin 15 is a type I keratin without a defined type II partner. Keratin 15 is expressed primarily in the basal keratinocytes of stratified tissues, including the fetal epidermis and fetal nail. Expression of keratin 15 is downregulated in some hyperproliferating situations, such as psoriasis and hypertrophic scars. Because keratinocytes in psoriasis and hypertrophic scars are activated, it is suggested that keratin 15 expression is not compatible with keratinocyte activation and the keratin 15 gene is downregulated to maintain the activated phenotype.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of KRT15 expressed in E. Coli.
Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its protein product is a protease present in seminal plasma. It is thought to function normally in the liquefaction of seminal coagulum, presumably by hydrolysis of the high molecular mass seminal vesicle protein. Serum level of this protein, called PSA in the clinical setting, is useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma. Alternate splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLK3 expressed in E. Coli.
KLHL25 (ectoderm-neural cortex protein 2, ENC2) is a cytoplasmic protein that contains six Kelch regions and a single BTB (POZ) domain. KLHL25 is highly homologus to another Kelch-like protein, ENC1, and it is believed to operate in a manner similar to other Kelch-domain containing proteins. Kelch-domain repeat containing proteins often act as modifiers of Actin fibers. Expressed early in embryogenesis, ENC1 helps to mediate neuronal process formation. It also appears to have a role in neural crest cell differentiation. KLHL25 likely functions as a substrate specific adapter for protein ubiquitinating complexes. KLHL25 is expressed in most tissues with highest expression in brain and liver.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLHL25 expressed in E. Coli.
KLHL22 (kelch-like protein 22) is a 634 amino acid protein that is related to the Drosophilakelch protein, which is required to maintain Actin organization in ovarian ring canals. Mutations affecting Kelch function result in the failure of Kelch to associate with the ring canals and subsequent female sterility. Human KLHL22 protein contains six kelch repeats and one BTB (POZ) domain. The BTB (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac) domain, also known as the POZ (Poxvirus and Zinc finger) domain, is an N-terminal homodimerization domain that contains multiple copies of kelch repeats and/or C2H2-type zinc fingers. Proteins that contain BTB domains are thought to be involved in transcriptional regulation via control of chromatin structure and function. There are two isoforms of KLHL22 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLHL22 expressed in E. Coli.
Probable substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLHL21 expressed in E. Coli.
KLHL13 (kelch-like 13), also known as BKLHD2 (BTB and kelch domain-containing protein 2), is a 604 amino acid protein that contains six Kelch repeats and one BTB/POZ domain. Expressed predominantly in brain, KLHL13 is believed to play a role in protein ubiquitination and may function as a substrate- specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. E3 ligases accept a ubiquitin residue from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and immediately transfer that residue to a protein that is targeted for degradation. Specifically, KLHL13 interacts with KLHL9 and CUL-3, a member of the cullin family of mediators that participate in the selective targeting of proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Via its BTB and C-terminal Kelch (BACK) motif, KLHL13 is thought to play a role in spatially orientating substrates in the CUL-3 ligase.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLHL13 expressed in E. Coli.
Serves as a substrate-specific adapter for the CUL3-based ubiquitin-protein E3 ligase complex. Negatively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway via the targeted ubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis of DVL3.Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in testis and at lower levels in the submandibular salivary gland.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLHL12 expressed in E. Coli.
The mammalian Kelch like 1 (KLHL1) was initially discovered as a homolog to the Drosophila Kelch gene that is highly expressed in several brain tissues. The predicted protein domain structure of KLHL1 is characteristic of a number of proteins that bind actin, form dimers, and often act as actin organizing proteins. Based on the presence of anti sense RNA that spans the transcription and translation start sites as well as the first splice site of KLHL1 in brain tissue of individuals suffering from the neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8), it has been suggested that KLHL1 is involved in this disease and that regulation of KLHL1 protein may be affected by antisense RNA expression.Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in brain.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLHL1 expressed in E. Coli.
Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut),endothelial Kruppel-like zinc finger protein. May act as a transcriptional activator. Binds the CACCC core sequence. May be involved in the differentiation of epithelial cells and may also function in the development of the skeleton and kidney. KLF4 is highly expressed in the epithelial cells of the skin and the gastrointestinal tract.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLF4 expressed in E. Coli.
Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut),endothelial Kruppel-like zinc finger protein. May act as a transcriptional activator. Binds the CACCC core sequence. May be involved in the differentiation of epithelial cells and may also function in the development of the skeleton and kidney. KLF4 is highly expressed in the epithelial cells of the skin and the gastrointestinal tract.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLF4 (AA: 2-470) expressed in E. Coli.
KLF15 (Kruppel-like factor 15), also known as KKLF, DKFZp779M1320. Entrez Protein NP_054798. Sequence analysis predicted that the 416 amino acid KLF15 protein, which is 84% identical to the rat Klf15 protein, contains 3 zinc finger motifs at its C terminus, N-terminal serine-rich stretches, and a central proline-rich segment.KLF15, a kidney-enriched Krueppel-like factor, is a transcriptonal activator that binds the CLCNKA promoter. KLF15, which is a nuclear protein, is expressed primarily in liver, heart, skeletal muscle and kidney tissues but is not detected in lymphoid tissues or bone marrow. KLF15 is an important regulator of GLUT4 in both adipose and muscle tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KLF15 expressed in E. Coli.
The c-Kit proto-oncogene is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and, more specifically, is closely related to the platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). c-Kit, the normal cellular homolog of the HZ4-feline sarcoma virus transforming gene (v-Kit), encodes a transmembrane receptor. c-Kit regulates a variety of biological responses including chemotaxis, cell prolif- eration, apoptosis and adhesion. c-Kit is also identical with the product of the W locus in mice and, as such, is integral to the development of mast cells and hematopoiesis. The ligand for the c-Kit receptor (KL) has been identified and is encoded at the murine steel (SI) locus. Kit is the human homolog of the proto- oncogene c-Kit. Mutations in Kit are integral for tumor growth and progression in various cancers.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KIT expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of kinesin-like protein family. This family of proteins are microtubule-dependent molecular motors that transport organelles within cells and move chromosomes during cell division. The C-terminal half of this protein has been shown to bind DNA. Studies with the Xenopus homolog suggests its essential role in metaphase chromosome alignment and maintenance.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KID expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of kinesin-like protein family. This family of proteins are microtubule-dependent molecular motors that transport organelles within cells and move chromosomes during cell division. The C-terminal half of this protein has been shown to bind DNA. Studies with the Xenopus homolog suggests its essential role in metaphase chromosome alignment and maintenance.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KID expressed in E. Coli.
Ki67, also known as MKI67, it is the prototypic cell cycle related nuclear protein, expressed by proliferating cells in all phases of the active cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and M phase). It is absent in resting (G0) cells. Ki67 antibodies are useful in establishing the cell growing fraction in neoplasms (immunohistochemically quantified by determining the number of Ki67 positive cells among the total number of resting cells = Ki67 index). In neoplastic tissues the prognostic value is comparable to the tritiated thymidine labelling index. The correlation between low Ki67 index and histologically low grade tumours is strong. Ki67 is routinely used as a neuronal marker of cell cycling and proliferation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa (CEDLAGFKELFQTPG) of human KI67, conjugated to KLH.
Ki67, also known as MKI67, it is the prototypic cell cycle related nuclear protein, expressed by proliferating cells in all phases of the active cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and M phase). It is absent in resting (G0) cells. Ki67 antibodies are useful in establishing the cell growing fraction in neoplasms (immunohistochemically quantified by determining the number of Ki67 positive cells among the total number of resting cells = Ki67 index). In neoplastic tissues the prognostic value is comparable to the tritiated thymidine labelling index. The correlation between low Ki67 index and histologically low grade tumours is strong. Ki67 is routinely used as a neuronal marker of cell cycling and proliferation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa (CEDLAGFKELFQTPG) of human KI67, conjugated to KLH.
Ki67: antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67. Ki67 antigen is the prototypic cell cycle related nuclear protein, expressed by proliferating cells in all phases of the active cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and M phase). It is absent in resting (G0) cells. Ki67 antibodies are useful in establishing the cell growing fraction in neoplasms (immunohistochemically quantified by determining the number of Ki67 positive cells among the total number of resting cells = Ki67 index). In neoplastic tissues the prognostic value is comparable to the tritiated thymidine labelling index. The correlation between low Ki67 index and histologically low grade tumours is strong. Ki67 is routinely used as a neuronal marker of cell cycling and proliferation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Ki167 (aa3118-3256) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a protein containing KELCH-1 like domains, as well as a BTB/POZ domain. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 interacts with NF-E2-related factor 2 in a redox-sensitive manner and the dissociation of the proteins in the cytoplasm is followed by transportation of NF-E2-related factor 2 to the nucleus. This interaction results in the expression of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been found for this gene. ; ; ; ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KEAP1 (AA: 380-624) expressed in E. Coli.
KDR has also been designated as VEFR-2 (Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2), CD309 (cluster of differentiation 309) and Flk1 (fetal liver kinase 1). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major growth factor for endothelial cells. KDR is one of the two receptors of the VEGF. This receptor, known as kinase insert domain receptor, is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as the main mediator of VEGF-induced endothelial proliferation, survival, migration, tubular morphogenesis and sprouting. The signalling and trafficking of this receptor are regulated by multiple factors, including Rab GTPase, P2Y purine nucleotide receptor, integrin alphaVbeta3, T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase, etc.. Mutations of this gene are implicated in infantile capillary hemangiomas.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human KDR (aa20-764) fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cells.
Ractopamine is a phenolethanolamine ß-adrenoceptor agonist that is used for the improvement of weight gain, carcass leanness and feed efficiency in pigs. It has been known for years that ractopamine enhances growth in meat animals by repartitioning nutrients. This means that the nutrients that the animal consumes in its feed are shifted away from being stored as fat and are instead used in lean tissue production. This shift occurs as the animal reaches the top of its growth curve and lean tissue production drops off and fat deposition increases. Fat levels also appear to decrease, due to an increase in lypolysis (fat breakdown). Using the ractopamine monoclonal antibody, it is possible to detect ractopamine and other agonists in urine, muscle and liver both rapidly and with accuracy.
Members of the Ras-related superfamily of GTP binding proteins, which includes Ras, Rho, Rab and ARF subfamilies, exhibit 30-50% similarity with Ras p21. Rab proteins play an important role for either in endocytosis or in biosynthetic protein transport. The possibility that Rab proteins might also direct the exocytosis from secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane is supported by the observation that in yeast, the SEC4 protein, which is 40% similar to Rab proteins, is associated with secretory vesicles. Rab proteins located on the cytoplasmic face of organelles and vesicles, rab proteins are involved in intracellular membrane fusion reactions. Rab25 was cloned from a gastric parietal cell cDNA library and is expressed in epithelial tissues such as the gastrointestinal mucosae, kidney, and lung, which encoded a protein of 28 kDa
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Rab25 expressed in E. Coli.
Members of the Ras-related superfamily of GTP binding proteins, which includes Ras, Rho, Rab and ARF subfamilies, exhibit 30-50% similarity with Ras p21. Rab proteins play an important role for either in endocytosis or in biosynthetic protein transport. The possibility that Rab proteins might also direct the exocytosis from secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane is supported by the observation that in yeast, the SEC4 protein, which is 40% similar to Rab proteins, is associated with secretory vesicles. Rab proteins located on the cytoplasmic face of organelles and vesicles, rab proteins are involved in intracellular membrane fusion reactions. Rab25 was cloned from a gastric parietal cell cDNA library and is expressed in epithelial tissues such as the gastrointestinal mucosae, kidney, and lung, which encoded a protein of 28 kDa.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Rab25 expressed in E. Coli.
RAB10 belongs to the RAS (see HRAS; MIM 190020) superfamily of small GTPases. RAB proteins localize to exocytic and endocytic compartments and regulate intracellular vesicle trafficking.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Rab10 expressed in E. Coli.
PYK2: PTK2B protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta, also known as PTK2B, PKB, PTK, CAKB, FAK2, FRNK. Entrez Protein NP_004094. It is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is involved in calcium-induced regulation of ion channels and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. The encoded protein may represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide-activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity. The encoded protein undergoes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in response to increases in the intracellular calcium concentration, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation, membrane depolarization, or protein kinase C activation. This protein has been shown to bind CRK-associated substrate, nephrocystin, GTPase regulator associated with FAK, and the SH2 domain of GRB2. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PYK2 (aa815-997) expressed in E. Coli.
Nkx3.1 is a transcription factor that may play an important role in regulating proliferation of glandular epithelium and in the formation of ducts in the prostate. It has been thought to be one of the target genes of the 8p21 loss of heterozygosity, common in prostate cancer. But neither disruption of the coding region of the gene, nor mutations have been found in prostate cancer.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NKX3A expressed in E. Coli.
NKX2.5: NK2 transcription factor related, locus 5 (Drosophila), also known as CSX. It is a homeobox-containing transcription factor. This transcription factor functions in heart formation and development. Mutations in this gene cause atrial septal defect with atrioventricular conduction defect, and also tetralogy of Fallot, which are both heart malformation diseases. Mutations in this gene can also cause congenital hypothyroidism non-goitrous type 5, a non-autoimmune condition. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NKX2.5 expressed in E. Coli.
Nerve growth factor receptor contains an extracellular domain containing four 40-amino acid repeats with 6 cysteine residues at conserved positions followed by a serine/threonine-rich region, a single transmembrane domain, and a 155-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. The cysteine-rich region contains the nerve growth factor binding domain. NGFR p75 plays a central role in the regulation of cell number by apoptosis in the developing CNS. During early development, activation of NGFR p75 by NGF induces apoptotic cell death in some neuronal cells, probably through activation of the sphingomyelinase/ceramide pathway, the ICE like proteases and the JNK pathway. In rat Schwann cells, NGF binding to NGFR p75 activates NF kappaB, possibly to modulate Schwann cell migration during nerve regeneration. CD271 has recently been described as being expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (bone marrow stromal cells).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NGFR expressed in E. Coli.
Transcription factors of the nuclear factor ? B (NF-?B)/Rel family is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that regulates many cytokine and Ig genes. It is involved in immune, inflammatory, viral, and acute phase responses. There are five family members in mammals: RelA (p65), c-Rel, RelB, NF-?B1 (p105/p50) and NF-?B2 (p100/p52). The most studied NF-?B complex consists of the p50 and p65 subunits, both containing a 300 amino acid region with homology to the Rel proto-oncogene product. The p50 subunit binds DNA, whereas the p65 subunit is responsible for the interaction of NF-?B with its inhibitor, I?B. In most cell types, the p50/p65 heterodimer is located within the cytoplasm complexed to I?B. This complex prevents nuclear translocation and activity of NF-?B. In response to stimuli such as cytokines, LPS, and viral infections, I?B is phosphorylated at critical residues. This phosphorylation induces dissociation of the I?B/NF-?B complex, allowing the free heterodimeric NF-?B to form a heterotetramer that translocates to the nucleus. In the nucleus, it binds to the ?B site within promoters and enhancers and functions as a transcriptional activator.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NF-?B p65 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the Jumonji domain 2 (JMJD2) family and encodes a protein containing a JmjN domain, a JmjC domain, a JD2H domain, two TUDOR domains, and two PHD-type zinc fingers. This nuclear protein functions as a trimethylation-specific demethylase, converting specific trimethylated histone residues to the dimethylated form, and as a transcriptional repressor.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KDM4A expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a zinc finger protein that contains a jumonji domain and may play a role in hormone-dependent transcriptional activation. JMJD1A functions as a mono- and dimethylation-specific demethylase, binding iron and alpha-ketoglutarate as cofactors and demethylating Lysine 9 of Histone H3. This suggests that JMJD1A plays a central role in the histone code and participates in nuclear hormone receptor-based transcriptional regulation. In addition, JMJD1A plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth during development and in chromatin regulation. JMJD1A directly regulates the expression of TNP1 and Protamine 1 (proteins required for the proper packaging and condensation of sperm chromatin) and, therefore, plays an essential role in spermatogenesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KDM3A expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a zinc finger protein that contains a jumonji domain and may play a role in hormone-dependent transcriptional activation. JMJD1A functions as a mono- and dimethylation-specific demethylase, binding iron and ?-ketoglutarate as cofactors and demethylating Lysine 9 of Histone H3. This suggests that JMJD1A plays a central role in the histone code and participates in nuclear hormone receptor-based transcriptional regulation. In addition, JMJD1A plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth during development and in chromatin regulation. JMJD1A directly regulates the expression of TNP1 and Protamine 1 (proteins required for the proper packaging and condensation of sperm chromatin) and, therefore, plays an essential role in spermatogenesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KDM3A expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a voltage-gated potassium channel required for repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. This protein can form heteromultimers with two other potassium channel proteins, KCNE1 and KCNE3. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary long QT syndrome 1 (also known as Romano-Ward syndrome), Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, and familial atrial fibrillation. This gene exhibits tissue-specific imprinting, with preferential expression from the maternal allele in some tissues, and biallelic expression in others. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 11 amongst other imprinted genes that are associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), and itself has been shown to be disrupted by chromosomal rearrangements in patients with BWS. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human KCNQ1 expressed in E. Coli.
The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IL1B expressed in E. Coli.
Interleukin-1alpha is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. It is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis. This cytokine is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury, and thus induces apoptosis. IL-1 alpha and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It has been suggested that the polymorphism of these genes is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IL1a expressed in E. Coli.
Interleukin-16, also known as lymphocyte chemoattractant factor (LCF), is a chemotactic cytokine that stimulates a migratory response in CD4+ lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils through binding to the CD4 receptor . IL-16 induces human T-lymphocyte expression of interleukin 2 receptor and upregurates major histocompatibility complex ?molecules on resting human T lymphocyte. It is able to render CD4+ T cells unresponsive to TCR/CD3 stimuli. Moreover, IL-16 inhibits the replication of T cell and monocyte tropic HIV strains in vitro.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IL-16 expressed in E. Coli.
Interleukine 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down- regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IL-10 expressed in E. Coli.
Inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase epsilon.The transcription factor NF?B is retained in the cytoplasm in an inactive form by the inhibitory protein I?B. Activation of NF?B requires that I?B be phosphorylated on specific serine residues, which results in targeted degra-dation of I?B. I?B kinase a(IKKa), previously designated CHUK, interacts with I?B-aand specifically phosphorylates I?B-aon the sites that trigger its degradation, serines 32 and 36. The functional IKK complex contains three subunits, IKKa, IKKßand IKK?(also designated NEMO), and each appear to make essential contributions to I?B phosphorylation. IKK-i is a serine/threonine kinase that shares homology with IKKaand IKKß. IKK-i is pri-marily expressed in immune cells and is induced by lipopolysaccharide and by proinflammatory cytokines including TNFa, IL-1 and IL-6. Overexpression of IKK-i was shown to result in phosphorylation of I?Baon Ser32 and Ser36, and in NF?B activation, suggesting that IKK-i may act as an I?B kinase in the immune system.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of IKBKE (aa1-257) expressed in E. Coli.
IKBKB(Inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta, also called IKK2/IKKB), is a member of the IKK complex which is composed of IKK-alpha, IKK-beta, IKK-gamma and IKAP. Phosphorylation of I-Kappa-B on a serine residue by the IKK complex frees NF-kB from I-Kappa-B and marks it for degradation via ubiquination. IKK-beta has been shown to activate NF-kB and phosphorylate IKB-alpha and beta. Phosphorylation of 2 sites at the activation loop of IKK-beta is essential for activation of IKK by TNF and IL1. Once activated, IKK-beta autophosphorylates which in turn decreases IKK activity and prevents prolonged activation of the inflammatory response. Additionally, IKK-beta activity can also be regulated by MEKK-1.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of IKBKB expressed in E. Coli.
IKBKB(Inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta, also called IKK2/IKKB), is a member of the IKK complex which is composed of IKK-alpha, IKK-beta, IKK-gamma and IKAP. Phosphorylation of I-Kappa-B on a serine residue by the IKK complex frees NF-kB from I-Kappa-B and marks it for degradation via ubiquination. IKK-beta has been shown to activate NF-kB and phosphorylate IKB-alpha and beta. Phosphorylation of 2 sites at the activation loop of IKK-beta is essential for activation of IKK by TNF and IL1. Once activated, IKK-beta autophosphorylates which in turn decreases IKK activity and prevents prolonged activation of the inflammatory response. Additionally, IKK-beta activity can also be regulated by MEKK-1.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of IKBKB expressed in E. Coli.
The ihog gene (interference hedgehog), identified by RNA interference in Drosophila cultured cells, encodes a type 1 membrane protein shown here to bind and to mediate response to the active Hedgehog (Hh) protein signal. ihog mutations produce defects characteristic of Hh signaling loss in embryos and imaginal discs, and epistasis analysis places ihog action at or upstream of the negatively acting receptor component, Patched (Ptc). The first of two extracellular fibronectin type III (FNIII) domains of the Ihog protein mediates a specific interaction with Hh protein in vitro, but the second FNIII domain is additionally required for in vivo signaling activity and for Ihog-enhanced binding of Hh protein to cells coexpressing Ptc. Other members of the Ihog family, including Drosophila Boi and mammalian CDO and BOC, also interact with Hh ligands via a specific FNIII domain, thus identifying an evolutionarily conserved family of membrane proteins that function in Hh signal response.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IHOG expressed in E. Coli.
IGFBP2: insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2. IGFBP2 is a member of the ISGBP family which bind various IGFs. IGFBP2 is overexpressed in a wide spectrum of other cancers, including glioma, prostate cancer, synovial sarcoma, neuroblastoma, colon cancer, adrenocortical cancer, lung cancer, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoblastoma. The overexpression of IGFBP2 also correlates with the aggressiveness of some tumors. IGFBP2 activates the expression of matrix metalloprotease 2, which contributes to cell invasiveness.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of protein IGFBP2 (aa180-328) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is primarily found in the nucleolus, where it can bind to the 5' UTR of the insulin-like growth factor II leader 3 mRNA and may repress translation of insulin-like growth factor II during late development. The encoded protein contains several KH domains, which are important in RNA binding and are known to be involved in RNA synthesis and metabolism.Tissue specificity: Expressed in fetal liver, fetal lung, fetal kidney, fetal thymus, fetal placenta, fetal follicles of ovary and gonocytes of testis, growing oocytes, spermatogonia and semen (at protein level). Expressed in cervix adenocarcinoma, in testicular, pancreatic and renal-cell carcinomas (at protein level). Expressed ubiquitously during fetal development at 8 and 14 weeks of gestation. Expressed in ovary, testis, brain, placenta, pancreatic cancer tissues and pancreatic cancer cell lines .IMP-3 is a marker for carcinomas and high-grade dysplastic lesions of pancreatic ductal epithelium.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IGF2BP3 expressed in E. Coli.
IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor), a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, is widely expressed in many cell types within fetal and postnatal tissues, and in many cell lines. Upon binding to its ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II, receptor autophosphorylation occurs. The triple tyrosine cluster within the kinase domain (Tyr1131, Tyr1135 and Tyr1136) is the earliest major site of autophosphorylation. Phosphorylation of these three tyrosine residues is necessary for kinase activation.Insulin receptors (IRs) share significant similarity with IGF1 receptors in both structure and function,including an equivalent triple tyrosine cluster within the activation loop of the kinase domain (Tyr1146, Tyr1150 and Tyr1151).Tyrosine autophosphorylation of insulin receptor is one of the earliest cellular responses to insulin stimulation. Autophosphorylation begins with phosphorylation of Tyr1146 and either Tyr1150 or Tyr1151. Full kinase activation requires the triple tyrosine phosphorylation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of IGF1R-Beta expressed in E. Coli.
IGF1R(insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor), a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, is widely expressed in many cell types within fetal and postnatal tissues, and in many cell lines. Upon binding to its ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II, receptor autophosphorylation occurs. The triple tyrosine cluster within the kinase domain (Tyr1131, Tyr1135 and Tyr1136) is the earliest major site of autophosphorylation. Phosphorylation of these three tyrosine residues is necessary for kinase activation.Insulin receptors (IRs) share significant similarity with IGF1 receptors in both structure and function,including an equivalent triple tyrosine cluster within the activation loop of the kinase domain (Tyr1146, Tyr1150 and Tyr1151).Tyrosine autophosphorylation of insulin receptor is one of the earliest cellular responses to insulin stimulation. Autophosphorylation begins with phosphorylation of Tyr1146 and either Tyr1150 or Tyr1151. Full kinase activation requires the triple tyrosine phosphorylation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of IGF1R-Beta (AA: 1101-1367) expressed in E. Coli.
IFN-gamma (interferon, gamma) is an antiviral and antiparasitic agent produced by CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes and natural killer cells that undergo activation by antigens, mitogens or alloantigens. It is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of nearly all phases of immune and inflammatory responses, including the activation, growth and differentiation of T cell, B cells, macrophages, NK cells and other cell types such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The active form of IFN-G is a homodimer with each subunit containing six helices. The dimeric structure of human IFN-G is stabilized by non-covalent interactions through the interface of the helices. IFN-G translated precursor is 166 amino acids, including the 23 amino acid secretory sequence. It is upregulated by IL2, FGF basic, EGF and downregulated by vitamin D3 or DMN. Multiple forms exist due to variable glycosylation and under non-denaturing conditions due to dimers and tetramers.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Recombinant human IFN-gamma (BioSource company, Cat.No. PHC4033)
Interferon-? (IFN-?) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is central in host resistance to infection. It is mainly produced by natural killer cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, its receptors are found on nearly all cells, where it activates diverse responses that enable potential host cells to prevent invasive infection by bacteria, parasites and viruses. Takayanagi et al. (2000) demonstrated that IFN-? strongly suppresses osteoclastogenesis by interfering with the RANKL (602642)-RANK (603499) signaling pathway. Tsubota et al. (1999) reported that this upregulation in Sjogren syndrome patients may be controlled by interferon-gamma through the activation of transcription factor NFKB
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IFN-? expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the inhibitor of DNA binding family, members of which are transcriptional regulators that contain a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain but not a basic domain. Members of the inhibitor of DNA binding family inhibit the functions of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in a dominant-negative manner by suppressing their heterodimerization partners through the HLH domains. This protein may play a role in negatively regulating cell differentiation. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 3. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ID2 (AA: 1-134) expressed in E. Coli.
ICAM1 is a 85-110 kDa single chain type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein with an extracellular domain of five immunoglobulin superfamily repeats, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic domain. It shares considerable amino acid sequence homology with ICAM3 and with ICAM2. ICAM1 is expressed by activated endothelial cells. It is detected on cells of many other lineages (e.g. epithelial cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes (low), monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils), with lower levels that increase in inflammation. ICAM1 is also detected in some carcinoma and melanoma cells. Soluble ICAM1 is detectable in the plasma and is elevated in patients with various inflammatory syndromes. It is the receptor for rhinoviruses and malaria.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ICAM1(28-480aa) expressed in E. Coli.
SPLUNC2 is one member of PLUNC family, the gene undergoes alternative splicing using two 5' non-coding exons, suggesting that the gene is regulated by alternative promoters.multiple SPLUNC2 isoforms are found in the oral cavity and suggest that these proteins may be differentially regulated in distinct tissues where they may function in the innate immune response. Mucin plugs, mucous and intermediate cells of mucoepidermoid carcinomas were positive for LPLUNC1 and SPLUNC2, but areas composed of epidermoid and clear cells were negative for all PLUNCs. Papillary cystadenocarcinoma was positive for all PLUNCs.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Splunc2 expressed in E. Coli.
p16 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, INK4a) is a tumor suppressor protein. It is a specific inhibitor of Cdk 4 / Cdk 6, and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. Recent analyses of the p16 INK4a gene revealed homozygous deletions, nonsense, missense, or frameshift mutations in several human cancers. Although the frequency of p16 INK4a abnormalities is higher in tumor derived cell lines than in unselected primary tumors, significant subsets of clinical cases with aberrant p16 INK4a gene have been reported among melanomas, gliomas, esophageal, pancreatic, lung, and urinary bladder carcinomas, and some types of leukemia.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of P16 expressed in E. Coli.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM), along with IgA, IgD, and IgE, make up approximately 20% of the total gamma globulin in the body, with IgG accounting for the other 80%.Each class of antibody gets its designation from the heavy and light peptide chains that make up the antibody structure.IgM is the first immunoglobulin produced during the immune response and the first antibody produced in neonates. Serum levels of IgM are associated with certain autoimmune diseases, and abnormally low levels may indicate the presence of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, an inherited immunodeficiency disorder. Monoclonal Anti-Human IgM is derived from the hybridoma1 produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from an immunized mouse.
Specificity of antibody has been tested using Western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. The product reacts with human IgG (Fc) with no significant reactivity with human IgG (Fab2), IgM or other serum proteins. We didn't test crossing with other species IgG (Fc).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified fusion protein with human IgG(Fc Specific) tag.
Specificity of antibody has been tested using Western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. The product reacts with human IgG (Fc) with no significant reactivity with human IgG (Fab2), IgM or other serum proteins. We didn't test crossing with other species IgG (Fc).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified fusion protein with human IgG (Fc Specific) tag.
Monoclonal anti-human IgG is derived from the hybridoma1 produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from an immunized mouse. It is specific for the whole human IgG molecule, has no across action with human IgM molecule as determined by an ELISA. Reactivity is observed with all human IgG subclasses but not with the Fab fragment of human IgG, the antibody site is located in the terminal end of human IgG (part of the Fab fragment), the Fc portion has various important functions such as complement fixation, site for rheumatoid factor.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Human IgG was isolated from human sera and purified by chromatography.
Albumin is a soluble, monomeric protein which comprises about one-half of the blood serum protein. Albumin functions primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and plays a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume. Albumin is a globular unglycosylated serum protein of molecular weight 65,000. Albumin is synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed before the nascent protein is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to produce the secreted albumin.
When Chinese hamster K12 cells are starved of glucose, the synthesis of several proteins, called glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs), is markedly increased. Hendershot et al. (1994) (PubMed 8020977) pointed out that one of these, GRP78 (HSPA5), also referred to as 'immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein' (BiP), is a member of the heat-shock protein-70 (HSP70) family and is involved in the folding and assembly of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Because so many ER proteins interact transiently with GRP78, it may play a key role in monitoring protein transport through the cell.Probably plays a role in facilitating the assembly of multimeric protein complexes inside the ER.The HSP70 proteins are ubiquitous molecular chaparones that are found in all organisms and tissue types. Like other members of the HSP70 family, BiP is a peptide-binding ATPase that is able to differentiate native proteins from unfolded polypeptides. BiP does not bind to fully folded and assembled proteins, except in the presence of other co-chaparones. BiP is involved in a number of key mechanisms and pathways including polypeptide translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, folding, assembly, transport of secreted or membrane proteins, and the regulation of calcium homeostasis. Although BiP is relatively abundant, marked increases in BiP occur where there is an accumulation of unfolded polypeptides. For this reason, BiP has been identified as a marker for various disease states that are associated with secretory and transmembrane protein misfolding.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HSPA5 expressed in E. Coli.
HSP90 proteins are highly conserved molecular chaperones that have key roles in signal transduction, protein folding, protein degradation, and morphologic evolution. HSP90 proteins normally associate with other cochaperones and play important roles in folding newly synthesized proteins or stabilizing and refolding denatured proteins after stress. There are 2 major cytosolic HSP90 proteins, HSP90AA1 (MIM 140571), an inducible form, and HSP90AB1, a constitutive form.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HSP90AB1 expressed in E. Coli.
HSP90 proteins are highly conserved molecular chaperones that have key roles in signal transduction, protein folding, protein degradation, and morphologic evolution. HSP90 proteins normally associate with other cochaperones and play important roles in folding newly synthesized proteins or stabilizing and refolding denatured proteins after stress. There are 2 major cytosolic HSP90 proteins, HSP90AA1 (MIM 140571), an inducible form, and HSP90AB1, a constitutive form.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HSP90AB1 expressed in E. Coli.
This intronless gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein which is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family. In conjuction with other heat shock proteins, this protein stabilizes existing proteins against aggregation and mediates the folding of newly translated proteins in the cytosol and in organelles. It is also involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway through interaction with the AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex class III region, in a cluster with two closely related genes which encode similar proteins.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HSP70 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the chaperonin family. The encoded mitochondrial protein may function as a signaling molecule in the innate immune system. This protein is essential for the folding and assembly of newly imported proteins in the mitochondria. This gene is adjacent to a related family member and the region between the 2 genes functions as a bidirectional promoter. Several pseudogenes have been associated with this gene. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. Mutations associated with this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 13. (provided by RefSeq)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HSP60 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is induced by environmental stress and developmental changes. The encoded protein is involved in stress resistance and actin organization and translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon stress induction. Defects in this gene are a cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2F (CMT2F) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). (provided by RefSeq) Tissue specificity: Detected in all tissues tested: skeletal muscle, heart, aorta, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, bladder, adrenal gland, thyroid, pancreas, testis, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, spleen, cerebral cortex, blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Highest levels are found in the heart and in tissues composed of striated and smooth muscle.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HSP27 expressed in E. Coli.
Chemiluminescent detection systems have emerged as the best all-around method for detection of Western blots. They eliminate the hazards associated with radioactive materials and toxic chromogenic substrates. The speed and sensitivity of these methods are unequalled by traditional alternatives. Because results are generated on film, it is possible to record and store data permanently, and blots detected with chemiluminescent methods are easily stripped for subsequent reprobing with additional antibodies. HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase) conjugated secondary antibodies are utilized in conjunction with specific chemiluminescent substrates to generate the light signal. HRP-antibody conjugates have a very high turnover rate, giving good sensitivity with short reaction times.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of HRP expressed in E. Coli.
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1. This protein may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. The encoded protein is a component of three different protein complexes termed biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex (BLOC)-3, BLOC4, and BLOC5. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene; the full-length sequences of some of these have not been determined yet.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of HPS1 expressed in E. Coli.
The HPRT1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1. This enzyme allows cells to recycle purines, some of the building blocks of DNA and its chemical cousin RNA.The enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltrasferase (E.C.2.4.2.8., HPRT) plays a crucial role in uric acid synthesis and purine metabolism.This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to inosine monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP), respectively, and uses phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) as a cosubstrate and as a source of energy . This pathway is also known as the purine salvage pathway because it allows cells to reuse purine compounds to build DNA and RNA.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of HPRT expressed in E. Coli.
The hexokinases utilize Mg-ATP as a phosphoryl donor to catalyze the first step of intracellular glucose metabolism, the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. Four hexokinase isoenzymes have been identified, including hexokinase I (HXK I), hexokinase II (HXK II), hexokinase III (HXK III) and hexokinase IV (HXK IV, also designated glucokinase or GCK). Hexokinases I-III each contain an N-terminal cluster of hydrophobic amino acids. Glucokinase lacks the N-terminal hydrophobic cluster. The hydrophobic cluster is thought to be necessary for membrane binding. This is substantiated by the finding that glucokinase has lower affinity for glucose than do the other hexokinases .Hexokinase 2 is the predominant hexokinase isozyme expressed in insulin-responsive tissues such as skeletal muscle. Expression of this gene is insulin-responsive, and studies in rat suggest that it is involved in the increased rate of glycolysis seen in rapidly growing cancer cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HK2 expressed in E. Coli.
The hexokinases utilize Mg-ATP as a phosphoryl donor to catalyze the first step of intracellular glucose metabolism, the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. Four hexokinase isoenzymes have been identified, including hexokinase I (HXK I), hexokinase II (HXK II), hexokinase III (HXK III) and hexokinase IV (HXK IV, also designated glucokinase or GCK). Hexokinases I-III each contain an N-terminal cluster of hydrophobic amino acids. Glucokinase lacks the N-terminal hydrophobic cluster. The hydrophobic cluster is thought to be necessary for membrane binding. This is substantiated by the finding that glucokinase has lower affinity for glucose than do the other hexokinases. HK I has been shown to be expressed in brain, kidney and heart tissues as well as in hepatoma cell lines.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HK1 expressed in E. Coli.
The hexokinases utilize Mg-ATP as a phosphoryl donor to catalyze the first step of intracellular glucose metabolism, the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. Four hexokinase isoenzymes have been identified, including hexokinase I (HXK I), hexokinase II (HXK II), hexokinase III (HXK III) and hexokinase IV (HXK IV, also designated glucokinase or GCK). Hexokinases I-III each contain an N-terminal cluster of hydrophobic amino acids. Glucokinase lacks the N-terminal hydrophobic cluster. The hydrophobic cluster is thought to be necessary for membrane binding. This is substantiated by the finding that glucokinase has lower affinity for glucose than do the other hexokinases. HK I has been shown to be expressed in brain, kidney and heart tissues as well as in hepatoma cell lines.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HK1 expressed in E. Coli.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) is a transcription factor found in mammalian cells cultured under reduced oxygen tension that plays an essential role in cellular and systemic homeostatic responses to hypoxia. HIF1 is a heterodimer composed of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit. The beta subunit has been identified as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). This gene encodes the alpha subunit of HIF-1. Overexpression of a natural antisense transcript (aHIF) of this gene has been shown to be associated with nonpapillary renal carcinomas. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified. (provided by RefSeq) Tissue specificity: Expressed in most tissues with highest levels in kidney and heart. Overexpressed in the majority of common human cancers and their metastases, due to the presence of intratumoral hypoxia and as a result of mutations in genes encoding oncoproteins and tumor suppressors.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HIF1A expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein that is similar to MHC class I-type proteins and associates with beta2-microglobulin (beta2M). It is thought that this protein functions to regulate iron absorption by regulating the interaction of the transferrin receptor with transferrin. The iron storage disorder, hereditary haemochromatosis, is a recessive genetic disorder that results from defects in this gene. At least nine alternatively spliced variants have been described for this gene. Additional variants have been found but their full-length nature has not been determined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HFE expressed in E. Coli.
The C-erbB-2 (HER-2/neu) gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Amplification or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. High levels of c-erbB-2 were associated with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor negativity. Overexpression of the c-erbB-2 oncogene has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in ovarian and breast cance, The level of increased Neu expression can be a predictor of disease prognosis
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of HER-2 expressed in E. Coli.
Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. This protein does not bind DNA directly, but through transcription factors MEF2C and MEF2D. It seems to interact in a multiprotein complex with RbAp48 and HDAC3.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HDAC4 expressed in E. Coli.
HDAC3: histone deacetylase 3, also known as HD3, RPD3, RPD3-2. Entrez Protein NC_000005. Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It has histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. It may participate in the regulation of transcription through its binding with the zinc-finger transcription factor YY1. This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. This gene is regarded as a potential tumor suppressor gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HDAC3 (aa224-428) expressed in E. Coli.
HDAC3: histone deacetylase 3, also known as HD3, RPD3, RPD3-2. Entrez Protein NC_000005. Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It has histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. It may participate in the regulation of transcription through its binding with the zinc-finger transcription factor YY1. This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. This gene is regarded as a potential tumor suppressor gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of HDAC3 (aa224-428) expressed in E. Coli.
Hemopoietic cell kinase.The protein encoded by this gene is a protein-tyrosine kinase that is predominantly expressed in hemopoietic cell types. The encoded protein may help couple the Fc receptor to the activation of the respiratory burst. In addition, it may play a role in neutrophil migration and in the degranulation of neutrophils. Alternate translation initiation site usage, including a non-AUG (CUG) codon, results in the production of two different isoforms, that have different subcellular localization.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of HCK expressed in E. Coli.
USP7 or HAUSP is a ubiquitin specific protease or a deubiquitylating enzyme that cleaves ubiquitin from its substrates. Since ubiquitylation (polyubiquitination) is most commonly associated with the stability and degradation of cellular proteins, HAUSP acitivity generally stabilizes its substrate proteins. HAUSP is most popularly known as a direct antagonist of Mdm2, the E3 ubiquitin ligase for the tumor suppressor protein, p53.Normally, p53 levels are kept low in part due to Mdm2-mediated ubiquitylation and degradation of p53. Interestingly, in response to oncogenic insults, HAUSP can deubiquitinate p53 and protect p53 from Mdm2-mediated degradation, indicating that it may possess a tumor suppressor function for the immediate stabilization of p53 in response to stress. Another important role of HAUSP function involves the oncogenic stabilization of p53. Oncogenes such as Myc and E1A are thought to activate p53 through a p19 alternative reading frame (p19ARF, also called ARF)-dependent pathway, although some evidence suggests ARF is not essential in this process. An intriguing possibility is that HAUSP provides an alternative pathway for safeguarding the cell against oncogenic insults.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HAUSP expressed in E. Coli.
Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight unbranched polysaccharide synthesized by a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals, and is a constituent of the extracellular matrix. It consists of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues that are linked by beta-1-3 and beta-1-4 glycosidic bonds. HA is synthesized by membrane-bound synthase at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, and the chains are extruded through pore-like structures into the extracellular space. It serves a variety of functions, including space filling, lubrication of joints, and provision of a matrix through which cells can migrate. HA is actively produced during wound healing and tissue repair to provide a framework for ingrowth of blood vessels and fibroblasts. Changes in the serum concentration of HA are associated with inflammatory and degenerative arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the interaction of HA with the leukocyte receptor CD44 is important in tissue-specific homing by leukocytes, and overexpression of HA receptors has been correlated with tumor metastasis. HAS1 is a member of the newly identified vertebrate gene family encoding putative hyaluronan synthases, and its amino acid sequence shows significant homology to the hasA gene product of Streptococcus pyogenes, a glycosaminoglycan synthetase (DG42) from Xenopus laevis, and a recently described murine hyaluronan synthase.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human HAS1 expressed in E. Coli.
HAND1: heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins, which are asymmetrically expressed in the developing ventricular chambers and play an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis. Working in a complementary fashion, they function in the formation of the right ventricle and aortic arch arteries, implicating them as mediators of congenital heart disease. In addition, it has been suggested that this transcription factor may be required for early trophoblast differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of HAND1 (aa90-190) expressed in E. Coli.
Glycogen synthase, skeletal muscle, the rate limiting enzyme of the insulin-induced glycogenesis. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the addition of glucose monomers to the growing glycogen molecule through the formation of alpha-1, 4-glycoside linkages. Mutations in this gene are associated with muscle glycogen storage disease. Muscle GS is expressed in several tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GYS1 expressed in E. Coli.
Soluble guanylate cyclases are heterodimeric proteins that catalyze the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. The protein encoded by this gene is an alpha subunit of this complex and it interacts with a beta subunit to form the guanylate cyclase enzyme, which is activated by nitric oxide. Several transcript variants encoding a few different isoforms have been found for this gene. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GUCY1A3 (AA: 22-214) expressed in E. Coli.
GSTP1 (glutathione-S-transferase, pi 1), also called GST3/DFN7, is a family of enzymes that play an important role in detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of many hydrophobic and electrophilic compounds with reduced glutathione. GSTP1 act like a tumor suppressor gene, which when inactivated leads to tumor growth, and the -class glutathione S-transferase is commonly inactivated by somatic CpGisland hypermethylation in cancers of the prostate, liver, and breast. Methylation of regulatory sequences at the GSTP1 gene locus is found in the vast majority (>90%) of prostate carcinomas and is associated with transcriptional down-regulation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GSTP1 expressed in E. Coli.
Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Null mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with an increase in a number of cancers, likely due to an increased susceptibility to environmental toxins and carcinogens. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GSTM1 expressed in E. Coli.
Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Null mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with an increase in a number of cancers, likely due to an increased susceptibility to environmental toxins and carcinogens. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GSTM1 expressed in E. Coli.
Epitope tagging offers an easy and universal strategy for the identification and purification of proteins derived by recombinant DNA technology. Expression vectors with Glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag have beed developed widely for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, because GST can provides both an easily detectable Tag and a simple purification process with little effect on the biological function of the protein encoded by inserted cDNA sequences. Antibodies of anti-GST tag are useful for checking protein expression using immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and immunostaining techniques, as well as for immunoaffinity purification of protein expressed in vitro.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified fusion protein with GST protein tag expressed in E. Coli.
MDM4, encodes a 490-amino acid protein containing a RING finger domain and a putative nuclear localization signal. The MDM4 putative nuclear localization signal, which all Mdm proteins contain, is located in the C-terminal region of the protein. The mRNA is expressed at a high level in thymus and at lower levels in all other tissues tested. MDM4 protein produced by in vitro translation interacts with p53 via a binding domain located in the N-terminal region of the MDM4 protein. MDM4 shows significant structural similarity to p53-binding protein MDM2.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MDM4 expressed in E. Coli.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of the chemokine-beta family of cytokines. The protein is structurally related to the CXC subfamily of cytokines. Members of this subfamily are characterized by two cysteines separated by a single amino acid. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. It may play a inprotant role in the initiation and/or progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Blockade of a systemic MCP-1 signal pathway in vivo may prevent PH.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MCP-1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein forms a complex with MCM4, 6, and 7, and has been shown to regulate the helicase activity of the complex. This protein is phosphorylated, and thus regulated by, protein kinases CDC2 and CDC7.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MCM2 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein forms a complex with MCM4, 6, and 7, and has been shown to regulate the helicase activity of the complex. This protein is phosphorylated, and thus regulated by, protein kinases CDC2 and CDC7.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MCM2 expressed in E. Coli.
Mcl-1 (Myeloid cell leukemia-1) is Bcl-2-related and was identified as an early-induction gene that increased in expression during the differentiation of human myeloblastic leukemia cell ML-1, or exposure to different DNA damaging agents. The level of Mcl-1 is decreased in peripheral B lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis following treatment with apoptotic stimuli such as TGF-alpha 1 and forskolin. Expression of Mcl-1 is able to delay apoptosis induced by over-expression of c-myc in CHO 5AHSmyc cells. In hematopoietic FDC-P1 cells, Mcl-1 interacts with another Bcl-2-related protein, Bax, and prolongs cell viability after treatment with different apoptotic reagents.This monoclonal antibody detected a 37kd MCL1 in BCBL-1 cell lysate.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MCL-1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system. However, MBP-related transcripts are also present in the bone marrow and the immune system. These mRNAs arise from the long MBP gene (otherwise called "Golli-MBP") that contains 3 additional exons located upstream of the classic MBP exons. Alternative splicing from the Golli and the MBP transcription start sites gives rise to 2 sets of MBP-related transcripts and gene products. The Golli mRNAs contain 3 exons unique to Golli-MBP, spliced in-frame to 1 or more MBP exons. They encode hybrid proteins that have N-terminal Golli aa sequence linked to MBP aa sequence. The second family of transcripts contain only MBP exons and produce the well characterized myelin basic proteins. This complex gene structure is conserved among species suggesting that the MBP transcription unit is an integral part of the Golli transcription unit and that this arrangement is important for the function and/or regulation of these genes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MBP expressed in E. Coli.
This gene catalyzes a two-step reaction that involves the transfer of the adenosyl moiety of ATP to methionine to form S-adenosylmethionine and tripolyphosphate, which is subsequently cleaved to PPi and Pi. S-adenosylmethionine is the source of methyl groups for most biological methylations. The encoded protein is found as a homotetramer (MAT I) or a homodimer (MAT III) whereas a third form, MAT II (gamma), is encoded by the MAT2A gene. Mutations in this gene are associated with methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MATN1 expressed in E. Coli.
MATK (megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase), also known as CTK, this protein has amino acid sequence similarity to Csk tyrosine kinase and has the structural features of the CSK subfamily: SRC homology SH2 and SH3 domains, a catalytic domain, a unique N terminus, lack of myristylation signals, lack of a negative regulatory phosphorylation site, and lack of an autophosphorylation site. This protein is thought to play a significant role in the signal transduction of hematopoietic cells. It is able to phosphorylate and inactivate Src family kinases, and may play an inhibitory role in the control of T-cell proliferation. This protein might be involved in signaling in some cases of breast cancer.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MATK expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade that regulates various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle progression in response to a variety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated by upstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAPK3 expressed in E. Coli.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation, and development. This kinase is most closely related to p38 MAP kinase, both of which can be activated by proinflammatory cytokines and environmental stress. This kinase is activated through its phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinases (MKKs), preferably by MKK6. Transcription factor ATF2/CREB2 has been shown to be a substrate of this kinase.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of MAPK11 (aa251-363) expressed in E. Coli.
MAPK10: mitogen-activated protein kinase 10, also known as JNK3, JNK3A, PRKM10, p54bSAPK. Entrez Protein NP_002744. It is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This protein is a neuronal-specific form of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). Through its phosphorylation and nuclear localization, this kinase plays regulatory roles in the signaling pathways during neuronal apoptosis. Beta-arrestin 2, a receptor-regulated MAP kinase scaffold protein, is found to interact with, and stimulate the phosphorylation of this kinase by MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4). Cyclin-dependent kianse 5 can phosphorylate, and inhibit the activity of this kinase, which may be important in preventing neuronal apoptosis. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAPK10 (aa28-233) expressed in E. Coli.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), a serine-threonine kinase with two isoforms (alpha and beta), was originally discovered as a key enzyme in glycogen metabolism. GSK-3 was subsequently shown to function in cell division, proliferation, motility and survival. GSK-3 plays a role in a number of pathological conditions including cancer and diabetes and is increasingly seen as an important component of neurological diseases. GSK-3 phosphorylates tau and presenilin-1, which are involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Both isoforms of GSK-3 are ubiquitously expressed, although particularly high levels of GSK-3beta are found in the brain where it is involved in synaptic plasticity, possibly via regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking. GSK-3 phosphorylates over 40 different substrates including signaling proteins, transcription factors and structural proteins, and is part of the signal transduction cascade of a large number of growth factors and cytokines. The activity of GSK is regulated by phosphorylation (Akt: Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3? and Ser9 of GSK-3?, S6K, RSK, PKA and PKC), dephosphorylation (PP1 and PP2A), and by binding to protein complexes (with beta-catenin, axin, CK1 and the APC complex).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GSK3B expressed in E. Coli.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha belongs to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases, Cdc2/cdkx subfamily; GSK3 subsubfamily. It is implicated in the hormonal control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, myb, and the transcription factor c jun. GSK3 phosphorylates glycogen synthase and thereby inactivates it. Insulin stimulates the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase at the sites phosphorylated by GSK3 and subsequently inhibits GSK3 acutely leading to the stimulation of glycogen synthesis. GSK3 signaling is performed by two isoforms, GSK3 alpha and GSK3 beta. The two isoforms share 97% sequence similarity within their catalytic domains. GSK3 has also been shown to play a role in protein synthesis, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, microtubule dynamics and cell motility.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of GSK3 alpha expressed in E. Coli.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha belongs to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases, Cdc2/cdkx subfamily,GSK3 subsubfamily. It is implicated in the hormonal control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, myb, and the transcription factor c jun. GSK3 phosphorylates glycogen synthase and thereby inactivates it. Insulin stimulates the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase at the sites phosphorylated by GSK3 and subsequently inhibits GSK3 acutely leading to the stimulation of glycogen synthesis. GSK3 signaling is performed by two isoforms, GSK3 alpha and GSK3 beta. The two isoforms share 97% sequence similarity within their catalytic domains. GSK3 has also been shown to play a role in protein synthesis, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, microtubule dynamics and cell motility.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of GSK3 alpha expressed in E. Coli.
GSK3 alpha (Glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha), with 483-amino acid protein (about 53kDa), belongs to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases, Cdc2/cdkx subfamily,GSK3 subsubfamily, which also includes GSK3 beta.GSK3 is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase that is usually inactivated by serine phosphorylation in response to extracellular cues. GSK3 is a key regulator of numerous signalling pathways, including cellular responses to Wnt, receptor tyrosine kinases and G-protein-coupled receptors and is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, ranging from glycogen metabolism to cell cycle regulation and proliferation.GSK3 alpha is implicated in the control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase and transcription factors.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of GSK3 alpha expressed in E. Coli.
Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme which exists in cytoplasmic and inner-membrane mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GOT2 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene may interact with p53 and may be involved in tumorigenesis. The encoded protein also appears to be important for stem cell proliferation. This protein is found in both the nucleus and nucleolus. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GNL3 (AA: 1-226) expressed in E. Coli.
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, or phosphoglucose isomerase, also known as GPI. It belongs to the GPI family whose members encode multifunctional phosphoglucose isomerase proteins involved in energy pathways and it is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis. The protein functions in different capacities inside and outside the cell. In the cytoplasm, the gene product is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, while outside the cell it functions as a neurotrophic factor for spinal and sensory neurons. Defects in GPI are the cause of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and a severe enzyme deficiency can be associated with hydrops fetalis, immediate neonatal death and neurological impairment.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GPI expressed in E. Coli.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted from enteroendocrine L cells in response to ingested nutrients. The closely related peptides glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and glucagon have opposing effects on blood glucose. GLP-1 induces glucose-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreas, while glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver. Glucagon is processed from a large precursor, proglucagon, in a tissue-specific manner in pancreatic alpha-cells. The identification of a hybrid peptide acting as both a GLP-1 agonist and a glucagon antagonist would provide a novel approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of GLP expressed in E. Coli.
GFP (Green fluorescence protein) is a 27 kDa protein derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, which emits green light when excited by blue light. GFP cDNA produces a fluorescent product when expressed in prokaryotic cells, without the need for exogenous substrates or cofactors. GFP has become an invaluable tool in cell biology research, since its intrinsic fluorescence can be visualized in living cells. GFP fluorescence is stable under fixation conditions and suitable for a variety of applications. GFP has been widely used as a reporter for gene expression, enabling researchers to visualize and localize GFP-tagged proteins within living cells without the need for chemical staining. Other applications of GFP include assessment of protein protein interactions through the yeast two hybrid system and measurement of distance between proteins through fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) protocols. GFP technnology has considerably contributed to a greater understanding of cellular physiology.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of GFP expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a nuclear zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional repressor. This protein plays a role in diverse developmental contexts, including hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. It functions as part of a complex along with other cofactors to control histone modifications that lead to silencing of the target gene promoters. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia, and also dominant nonimmune chronic idiopathic neutropenia of adults, which are heterogeneous hematopoietic disorders that cause predispositions to leukemias and infections. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified for this gene.Expression of GFl1 ranges from the hematopoietic and lymphoid system, to sensory epithelia, lung and parts of the CNS.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GFI1 expressed in E. Coli.
GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells.Tissue specificity: Expressed in cells lacking fibronectin.ABCAM:It is heavily, and specifically, expressed in astrocytes and certain other astroglia in the central nervous system, in satellite cells in peripheral ganglia, and in non myelinating Schwann cells in peripheral nerves.In addition many types of brain tumor, presumably derived from astrocytic cells, heavily express GFAP. GFAP is also found in the lens epithelium, Kupffer cells of the liver, in some cells in salivary tumors and has been reported in erythrocytes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GFAP expressed in E. Coli.
Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three tissue-specific forms of glucokinase, one found in pancreatic islet beta cells and two found in liver. The protein localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. Mutations in this gene have been associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY2) and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GCK expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that contains two GATA-type zinc fingers. The encoded protein is known to bind to hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha), and this interaction is essential for cooperative activation of the intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase promoter. In other organisms, similar proteins may be involved in the establishment of cardiac smooth muscle cell diversity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GATA5 expressed in E. Coli.
GATA binding protein 4, also known as GATA4, it is a 46 kDa member of the GATA family of zinc-finger transcription factors. Members of this family is involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, and plays a critical role in regulating basal and agonist or stress induced gene expression in cardiac and smooth muscle cell types. These factors recognize the GATA motif which is present in the promoters of many genes. GATA4 contains a conserved MAPK phosphorylation site at serine 105 within the transcriptional activation domain. Serine 105 of GATA4 is phosphorylated in response to agonist stimulation through MEK 1 ERK1 / 2, and weakly through JNK or p38 MAPKs. GATA4 is thought to regulate genes involved in embryogenesis and in myocardial differentiation and function. Mutations in this gene have been associated with cardiac septal defects.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GATA4 expressed in E. Coli.
GATA3: GATA binding protein 3. The genes for all 4 subunits of the T-cell antigen receptor (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) are controlled by distinct enhancers and their enhancer-binding proteins. Marine and Winoto (1991) identified a common TCR regulatory element by demonstrating binding of the enhancer-binding protein GATA3 to the enhancer elements of all 4 TCR genes. GATA3 had been shown in the chicken to be an enhancer-binding protein containing a zinc finger domain. GATA3 mRNA was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis in T cells but not in B cells, macrophages, or HeLa cell lines. GATA3 is abundantly expressed in the T-lymphocyte lineage and is thought to participate in T-cell receptor gene activation through binding to enhancers. Labastie et al. (1994) cloned the human gene and the 5-prime end of the mouse gene. The human gene comprises 6 exons distributed over 17 kb of DNA. Its 2 zinc fingers are encoded by 2 separate exons highly conserved with those of GATA1,but no other structural homologies between the 2 genes could be found.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of GATA3 (aa175-388) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a protein which belongs to the GATA family of transcription factors. The protein contains two GATA-type zinc fingers and is an important regulator of T-cell development and plays an important role in endothelial cell biology. Defects in this gene are the cause of hypoparathyroidism with sensorineural deafness and renal dysplasia. (provided by RefSeq) Tissue specificity: T-cells and endothelial cells RD: GATA-3 belongs to the GATA family of transcription factors, which bind to the consensus DNA sequence (A/T) GATA (A/G) to control diverse tissue-specific programs of gene expression and morphogenesis. It is widely expressed in mesodermal- and endodermal-derived tissues. GATA-3 has been shown to be an essential regulator for immune cell function, sympathetic neuron development, and the maintenance of the differentiated state in epithelial cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GATA3 expressed in E. Coli.
erythroid specific transcription factor,GATA sequence binding protein (same as EryF1,NF-E1,EF-1,EF gamma-a,GF1),expressed in RBC,mast cell,megakaryocyte,hematopoietic progenitor cell,testis,associated with a special class of nuclear bodies,activated by erythropoietin,inactivated by coactivation of DEATH receptors (TNFRSF6) mediated caspase cleavage Tissue specificity: Erythrocytes
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GATA1 expressed in E. Coli.
erythroid specific transcription factor,GATA sequence binding protein (same as EryF1,NF-E1,EF-1,EF gamma-a,GF1),expressed in RBC,mast cell,megakaryocyte,hematopoietic progenitor cell,testis,associated with a special class of nuclear bodies,activated by erythropoietin,inactivated by coactivation of DEATH receptors (TNFRSF6) mediated caspase cleavage Tissue specificity: Erythrocytes
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GATA1 expressed in E. Coli.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is well known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis. It catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The enzyme exists as a tetramer of identical chains. Besides its functioning as a glycolytic enzyme in cytoplasm, recent evidence suggest that mammalian GAPDH is also involved in a great number of intracellular proceses such as membrane fusion, microtubule bundling, phosphotransferase activity, nuclear RNA export, DNA replication, and DNA repair. During the last decade a lot of findings appeared concerning the role of GAPDH in different pathologies including prostate cancer progression, programmed neuronal cell death, age- related neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimers and Huntingtons disease.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GAPDH expressed in E. Coli.
GABPA: GA binding protein transcription factor, alpha subunit 60kDa. It is one of three GA-binding protein transcription factor subunits which functions as a DNA-binding subunit. Since this subunit shares identity with a subunit encoding the nuclear respiratory factor 2 gene, it is likely involved in activation of cytochrome oxidase expression and nuclear control of mitochondrial function. This subunit also shares identity with a subunit constituting the transcription factor E4TF1, responsible for expression of the adenovirus E4 gene. Because of its chromosomal localization and ability to form heterodimers with other polypeptides, it may play a role in the Down Syndrome phenotype.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GABPA (aa120-190) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This protein is a cytosolic enzyme encoded by a housekeeping X-linked gene whose main function is to produce NADPH, a key electron donor in the defense against oxidizing agents and in reductive biosynthetic reactions. G6PD is remarkable for its genetic diversity. Many variants of G6PD, mostly produced from missense mutations, have been described with wide ranging levels of enzyme activity and associated clinical symptoms. G6PD deficiency may cause neonatal jaundice, acute hemolysis, or severe chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human G6PD expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This protein is a cytosolic enzyme encoded by a housekeeping X-linked gene whose main function is to produce NADPH, a key electron donor in the defense against oxidizing agents and in reductive biosynthetic reactions. G6PD is remarkable for its genetic diversity. Many variants of G6PD, mostly produced from missense mutations, have been described with wide ranging levels of enzyme activity and associated clinical symptoms. G6PD deficiency may cause neonatal jaundice, acute hemolysis, or severe chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human G6PD expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth. The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FYN expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth. The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FYN expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the GHMP (galacto-, homoserine, mevalonate and phosphomevalonate) kinase family and catalyzes the phosphorylation of L-fucose to form beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate. This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the utilization of free L-fucose in glycoprotein and glycolipid synthesis. L-fucose may be important in mediating a number of cell-cell interactions such as blood group antigen recognition, inflammation, and metastatis. While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length nature of only one has been described to date. (provided by RefSeq)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FUK expressed in E. Coli.
FRK: fyn-related kinase. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TYR family of protein kinases. This tyrosine kinase is a nuclear protein and may function during G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and suppress growth.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FRK (aa2-300) expressed in E. Coli.
FRK (Fyn-related kinase), also known as Rak. It is an epithelial tissue-specific kinase. The human FRK gene maps to chromosome 6q21-q22.3 and encodes a 505 amino acid protein. The protein belongs to the TYR family of protein kinases. This tyrosine kinase is a nuclear protein and may function during G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and suppress growth.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FRK expressed in E. Coli.
FOXP3 (a 431 amino acid protein) is a member of the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators and is highly conserved across mammals. FOXP3 is essential for normal immune homeostasis. FOXP3 is stably and constitutively expressed at a high level in CD25 + CD4 positive regulatory T cells, at low level in CD4 positive/CD25 negative cells, and is absent in CD4 negative/CD8 positive T cells. FOXP3 may be a master regulatory gene and a more specific marker of regulatory T cells than other T cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FOXP3 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the forkhead/winged-helix (FOX) family of transcription factors. It is expressed in fetal and adult brain as well as in several other organs such as the lung and gut. The protein product contains a FOX DNA-binding domain and a large polyglutamine tract and is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, which may bind directly to approximately 300 to 400 gene promoters in the human genome to regulate the expression of a variety of genes. This gene is required for proper development of speech and language regions of the brain during embryogenesis, and may be involved in a variety of biological pathways and cascades that may ultimately influence language development. Mutations in this gene cause speech-language disorder 1 (SPCH1), also known as autosomal dominant speech and language disorder with orofacial dyspraxia. Multiple alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAPK3 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the forkhead/winged-helix (FOX) family of transcription factors. It is expressed in fetal and adult brain as well as in several other organs such as the lung and gut. The protein product contains a FOX DNA-binding domain and a large polyglutamine tract and is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, which may bind directly to approximately 300 to 400 gene promoters in the human genome to regulate the expression of a variety of genes. This gene is required for proper development of speech and language regions of the brain during embryogenesis, and may be involved in a variety of biological pathways and cascades that may ultimately influence language development. Mutations in this gene cause speech-language disorder 1 (SPCH1), also known as autosomal dominant speech and language disorder with orofacial dyspraxia. Multiple alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAPK3 expressed in E. Coli.
FoxD3 is a member of the Forkhead Box family and is characterized by a winged-helix DNA-binding structure and the important role it plays in embryonic development . This transcriptional regulator is required for the maintenance of pluripotency in the pre-implantation and peri-implantation stages of mouse embryonic development and is also required for trophoblast formation. FoxD3 is required for the maintenance of the mammalian neural crest; FoxD3(-/-) mouse embryos fail around the time of implantation with loss of neural crest-derived structures. FoxD3 also forms a regulatory network with Oct-4 and NANOG to maintain the pluripotency of ES cells. Promotes development of neural crest cells from neural tube progenitors. Restricts neural progenitor cells to the neural crest lineage while suppressing interneuron differentiation. Required for maintenance of pluripotent cells in the pre-implantation and peri-implantation stages of embryogenesis. Tissue specificity: Expressed in chronic myeloid leukemia, Jurkat T-cell leukemia and teratocarcinoma cell lines, but not in any other cell lines or normal tissues examined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FOXD3 expressed in E. Coli.
FoxD3 is a member of the Forkhead Box family and is characterized by a winged-helix DNA-binding structure and the important role it plays in embryonic development . This transcriptional regulator is required for the maintenance of pluripotency in the pre-implantation and peri-implantation stages of mouse embryonic development and is also required for trophoblast formation . FoxD3 is required for the maintenance of the mammalian neural crest; FoxD3(-/-) mouse embryos fail around the time of implantation with loss of neural crest-derived structures . FoxD3 also forms a regulatory network with Oct-4 and NANOG to maintain the pluripotency of ES cells .Promotes development of neural crest cells from neural tube progenitors. Restricts neural progenitor cells to the neural crest lineage while suppressing interneuron differentiation. Required for maintenance of pluripotent cells in the pre-implantation and peri-implantation stages of embryogenesis .Tissue specificity: Expressed in chronic myeloid leukemia, Jurkat T-cell leukemia and teratocarcinoma cell lines, but not in any other cell lines or normal tissues examined .
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FOXD3 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which is characterized by a distinct DNA-binding forkhead domain. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, it may play a role in the development of mesenchymal tissues. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FOXC2 (AA: 21-210 ) expressed in E. Coli.
FOXA2 (forkhead box A2), also known as HNF3B (hepatocyte nuclear factor 3, beta). It is a member of the forkhead class of DNA-binding proteins. These hepatocyte nuclear factors are transcriptional activators for liver-specific genes such as albumin and transthyretin, and they also interact with chromatin. Similar family members in mice have roles in the regulation of metabolism and in the differentiation of the pancreas and liver. FOXA2 has been linked to sporadic cases of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for FOXA2.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FOXA2 expressed in E. Coli.
The Fos gene family consists of 4 members: FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1. As such, the FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. In some cases, expression of the FOS gene has also been associated with apoptotic cell death.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FOS expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes fibronectin, a glycoprotein present in a soluble dimeric form in plasma, and in a dimeric or multimeric form at the cell surface and in extracellular matrix. Fibronectin is involved in cell adhesion and migration processes including embryogenesis, wound healing, blood coagulation, host defense, and metastasis. The gene has three regions subject to alternative splicing, with the potential to produce 20 different transcript variants. However, the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FN1 expressed in E. Coli.
FMR1, also known as POF, FMRP, FRAXA. Entrez Protein: NP_002015. It is an RNA-binding protein that associates with polyribosomes and is a likely component of a messenger ribonuclear protein (mRNP) particle The protein may be involved in mRNA trafficking from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A trinucleotide repeat (CGG) in the 5' UTR is normally found at 6-53 copies, but an expansion to 55-230 repeats is the cause of fragile X syndrome. Expansion of the trinucleotide repeat may also cause one form of premature ovarian failure (POF1). RNA-binding protein that plays a role in intracellular RNA transport and in the regulation of translation of target mRNAs.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FMR1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors C and D. The protein is thought to be involved in lymphangiogenesis and maintenance of the lymphatic endothelium. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary lymphedema type IA. Tissue specificity: Placenta, lung, heart, and kidney, does not seem to be expressed in pancreas and brain. VEGFR-3 is induced in all endothelial cells (ECs) during early embryogenesis, and its expression eventually disappears from the vascular endothelial cells of adult tissues. VEGFR-3 is constitutively expressed in the adult lymphatic endothelium. Although VEGFR-3 is not expressed in adult blood vessels, it is induced in vascular endothelial cells of tumor-bearing tissues.VEGFR-3 expression in adults is largely restricted to the endothelial cells of the lymphatic system, and high endothelial venules (HEV).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FLT4 expressed in E. Coli.
Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor receptor), also known as FLT1 or VEGFR-1. It is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. VEGFR family members are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which contain an extracellular ligand-binding region with seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and a tyrosine kinase (TK) domain within the cytoplasmic domain. This protein binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-B and placental growth factor and plays an important role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Expression of this receptor is found in vascular endothelial cells, placental trophoblast cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Isoforms include a full-length transmembrane receptor isoform and shortened, soluble isoforms. The soluble isoforms are associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human FLT1 fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cells.
The antibody is useful for the identification of proteins with Flag markers at free N-termini and C-termini by common immunological applications in yeast, animal, and E. coli cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa(DYKDDDDK), conjugated to KLH.
Fibulin 5(FBLN5), with 448-amino acid protein (about 50kDa), is a recently discovered multifunctional extracellular matrix protein that mediates endothelial cell adhesion through integrin ligation, regulates cell growth and motility in a context-specific manner, and prevents elastinopathy in vivo. Fibulin-5 is abundantly expressed in great vessels and cardiac valves during embryogenesis, and in many adult tissues including the aorta, lung, uterus and skin, all of which contain abundant elastic fibres. Decreased fibulin-5 may contribute to the pathogenesis of aortic dissection by impairing elastic fiber assembly. Fibulin-5 is also a good marker of skin ageing and that the earlier loss of fibulin-5 may involve age-dependent changes in other elastic fibre components.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Fibulin 5 expressed in E. Coli.
Fibulin 5(FBLN5), with 448-amino acid protein (about 50kDa), is a recently discovered multifunctional extracellular matrix protein that mediates endothelial cell adhesion through integrin ligation, regulates cell growth and motility in a context-specific manner, and prevents elastinopathy in vivo. Fibulin-5 is abundantly expressed in great vessels and cardiac valves during embryogenesis, and in many adult tissues including the aorta, lung, uterus and skin, all of which contain abundant elastic fibres. Decreased fibulin-5 may contribute to the pathogenesis of aortic dissection by impairing elastic fiber assembly. Fibulin-5 is also a good marker of skin ageing and that the earlier loss of fibulin-5 may involve age-dependent changes in other elastic fibre components.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Fibulin 5 expressed in E. Coli.
FGR: Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma viral (v-fgr) oncogene homolog, also known as SRC2; c-fgr; c-src2; FLJ43153; MGC75096; p55c-fgr; p58c-fgr. It is a member of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). The encoded protein contains N-terminal sites for myristylation and palmitylation, a PTK domain, and SH2 and SH3 domains which are involved in mediating protein-protein interactions with phosphotyrosine-containing and proline-rich motifs, respectively. The protein localizes to plasma membrane ruffles, and functions as a negative regulator of cell migration and adhesion triggered by the beta-2 integrin signal transduction pathway. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus results in the overexpression of this gene. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FGR expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is the gamma component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein comprised of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia and thrombophilia. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FGG expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is the gamma component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein comprised of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia and thrombophilia. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FGG expressed in E. Coli.
FGFR4: fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. Entrez Protein NP_002002. It is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein would consist of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. The genomic organization of this gene, compared to members 1-3, encompasses 18 exons rather than 19 or 20. Although alternative splicing has been observed, there is no evidence that the C-terminal half of the IgIII domain of this protein varies between three alternate forms, as indicated for members 1-3. This particular family member preferentially binds acidic fibroblast growth factor and, although its specific function is unknown, it is overexpressed in gynecological tumor samples, suggesting a role in breast and ovarian tumorigenesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human FGFR4 fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cell line.
FGFR4 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 4) is part of a family of fibroblast growth factor receptors that mediate the biological functions of specific growth factors. There are four members of the FGF receptor family: FGFR-1 (flg), FGFR-2 (bek, KGFR), FGFR-3 and FGFR-4. Each receptor contains an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Following ligand binding and dimerization, the receptors are phosphorylated at specific tyrosine residues. These receptor proteins play a role in important processes such as cell division, regulating cell growth and maturation, formation of blood vessels, wound healing, and embryo development. Although specific functions of FGFR4 remain unclear, studies indicate that the gene is involved in muscle development and the maturation of bone cells in the skull. FGFR4 may also play a role in the development and maintenance of specialized cells (called foveal cones) in the light-sensitive layer (the retina) at the back of the eye.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FGFR4 expressed in E. Coli.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, fms-related tyrosine kinase-2 / Pfeiffer syndrome, and CD331, is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligands are specific members of the fibroblast growth factor family. FGFR1 has been shown to be associated with Pfeiffer syndrome. It is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein consists of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. This particular family member binds both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors and is involved in limb induction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human FGFR1 (aa22-376) fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cells.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene was identified by its oncogenic transforming activity. This gene and FGF3, another oncogenic growth factor, are located closely on chromosome 11. Co-amplification of both genes was found in various kinds of human tumors. Studies on the mouse homolog suggested a function in bone morphogenesis and limb development through the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FGF4 (AA: 62-123) expressed in E. Coli.
FGF2 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members bind heparin and possess broad mitogenic and angiogenic activities. FGF2 is a single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of wound healing and is a potent inducer of anguogenesis. Due to its basic pH, the factor is named FGF-2 (basic FGF, bFGF).Several different forms of the human protein exist ranging from 18-24 kDa in size due to the use of alternative start sites within the fgf-2 gene. It has a 55 percent amino acid residue identity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1 and has potent heparin-binding activity. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages. It was originally named basic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from acidic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FGF2 expressed in E. Coli.
Fibrinogen beta chain, also known as FGB, is a gene found in humans and most other vertebrates with a similar system of blood coagulation.It is the beta component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein comprised of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including afibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, hypodysfibrinogenemia and thrombotic tendency.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FGB (aa30-300) expressed in E. Coli.
FES (feline sarcoma oncogene) and Fer are the only two members of a unique family of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. FES and Fer contain a central Src homology-2 (SH2) domain and a carboxy-terminal tyrosine kinase catalytic domain. They are structurally distinguished from other members of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase subfamilies by the presence of amino-terminal Fer/CIP4 homology and coiled-coil domains. FES was originally identified as an oncogene from avian and feline retroviruses. Human c-Fes has been implicated in myeloid, vascular endothelial and neuronal cell differentiation. FES has tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity and that activity is required for maintenance of cellular transformation. Mutations may activate the FES kinase and thereby contribute to cancer. However, recent data strongly suggests that the c-FES protein-tyrosine kinase is a tumor suppressor rather than a dominant oncogene in colorectal cancer.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FES (AA:613-822)expressed in E. Coli.
FES (feline sarcoma oncogene) and Fer are the only two members of a unique family of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. FES and Fer contain a central Src homology-2 (SH2) domain and a carboxy-terminal tyrosine kinase catalytic domain. They are structurally distinguished from other members of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase subfamilies by the presence of amino-terminal Fer/CIP4 homology and coiled-coil domains. FES was originally identified as an oncogene from avian and feline retroviruses. Human c-Fes has been implicated in myeloid, vascular endothelial and neuronal cell differentiation. FES has tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity and that activity is required for maintenance of cellular transformation. Mutations may activate the FES kinase and thereby contribute to cancer. However, recent data strongly suggests that the c-FES protein-tyrosine kinase is a tumor suppressor rather than a dominant oncogene in colorectal cancer.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FES expressed in E. Coli.
FER (fer tyrosine kinase) is a member of the FPS/FES family of nontransmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, which shares a functional domain and is involved in signaling pathways through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and cytokine receptors. The Fes /Fps family is distinct from c-Src, c-Abl and related nRTKs and was originally distinguished as a homolog to retroviral oncoproteins. In vivo, Fer kinase assembles into homotrimers via conserved coiled-coil domains. The N-terminal coiled-coil domains of Fer can autophosphorylate in trans, thereby regulating their cellular function through differential phosphorylation states. Growth factor exposure can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of Fer and recruitment of Fer to RTK complexes containing p85. It is expressed predominantly in mature hematopoietic cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineage, and has been shown to be expressed in vascular endothelial cells. Fer is implicated in insulin signaling, cell-cell signaling, human prostatic proliferative diseases, and is involved in the regulation of G1 progression.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FER expressed in E. Coli.
The human leukocyte differentiation antigen CD23 (FCE2) is a key molecule for B-cell activation and growth. It is the low-affinity receptor for IgE. The truncated molecule can be secreted, then functioning as a potent mitogenic growth factor.(supplied by OMIM) . It is expressed on most mature, conventional B cells (but not on peritoneal CD5+ B cells), and can also be found on the surface of T cells, macrophages, platelets and EBV transformed B lymphoblasts. Expression of CD23 has been detected in neoplastic cells from cases of B cell chronic Lymphocytic leukemia. CD23 is expressed by B cells in the follicular mantle but not by proliferating germinal centre cells. CD23 is also expressed by eosinophils. CD23 is distinct from the high affinity IgE receptors found on basophils and mast cells, which mediate allergic reactions. The low affinity receptors are thought to play a role in isotype specific immunoregulation. The regulation of CD23 surface expression appears to be integral with the complex IgE system, which involves interactions of cells, cytokines, antibodies and regulatory factors. CD23 has been described as a membrane bound cytokine," in that the soluble cleavage products of CD23 are themselves able to act as cytokines in vitro.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FCER2 expressed in E. Coli.
The immunoglobulin epsilon receptor (IgE receptor) is the initiator of the allergic response. When two or more high-affinity IgE receptors are brought together by allergen-bound IgE molecules, mediators such as histamine that are responsible for allergy symptoms are released. This receptor is comprised of an alpha subunit, a beta subunit, and two gamma subunits. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FCER1A (AA:42-103) expressed in E. Coli.
FBLN5: fibulin 5. The protein is a secreted, extracellular matrix protein containing an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif and calcium-binding EGF-like domains. It promotes adhesion of endothelial cells through interaction of integrins and the RGD motif. It is prominently expressed in developing arteries but less so in adult vessels. However, its expression is reinduced in balloon-injured vessels and atherosclerotic lesions, notably in intimal vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Therefore, the protein encoded by this gene may play a role in vascular development and remodeling.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FBLN5 (aa242-448) expressed in E. Coli.
FBLN2: fibulin 2. This gene encodes an extracellular matrix protein, which belongs to the fibulin family. This protein binds various extracellular ligands and calcium. It may play a role during organ development, in particular, during the differentiation of heart, skeletal and neuronal structures. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FBLN2 (aa180-440) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is found concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Activation of this gene may be an important early step in cell growth and intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered in response to certain neural peptides or to cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. At least four transcript variants encoding four different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length natures of only two of them have been determined. Tissue specificity: Expressed in all organs tested, in lymphoid cell lines, but most abundantly in brain.RD: Focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK) is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. This cellular localization is directed by a Focal Adhesion Targeting (FAT) sequence, a 125 amino acid sequence at the C-terminus. FAK plays an important role in migration, cell spreading, differentiation, cytoskeleton protein phosphorylation, apoptosis and acceleration of the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. It associates with several different signaling proteins such as Src-family PTKs, p130Cas, Shc, Grb2, PI 3-kinase, and paxillin. This enables FAK to function within a network of integrin-stimulated signaling pathways leading to the activation of targets such as the ERK and JNK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. FAK is also linked to oncogenes at biochemical and functional levels. Increased expression and/or activity of FAK in various tumors has been correlated with enhanced migration and invasiveness of human tumor cells in addition to promoting increased cell proliferation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FAK expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is found concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Activation of this gene may be an important early step in cell growth and intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered in response to certain neural peptides or to cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. At least four transcript variants encoding four different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length natures of only two of them have been determined. Tissue specificity: Expressed in all organs tested, in lymphoid cell lines, but most abundantly in brain.RD: Focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK) is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. This cellular localization is directed by a Focal Adhesion Targeting (FAT) sequence, a 125 amino acid sequence at the C-terminus. FAK plays an important role in migration, cell spreading, differentiation, cytoskeleton protein phosphorylation, apoptosis and acceleration of the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. It associates with several different signaling proteins such as Src-family PTKs, p130Cas, Shc, Grb2, PI 3-kinase, and paxillin. This enables FAK to function within a network of integrin-stimulated signaling pathways leading to the activation of targets such as the ERK and JNK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. FAK is also linked to oncogenes at biochemical and functional levels. Increased expression and/or activity of FAK in various tumors has been correlated with enhanced migration and invasiveness of human tumor cells in addition to promoting increased cell proliferation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FAK expressed in E. Coli.
Focal adhesion kinase(FAK), with 1074 -amino acid protein(about 118 kDa), is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. FAK is concentrated at the basal edge of only basal keratinocytes that are actively migrating and rapidly proliferating in repairing burn wounds, and is activated and localized to the focal adhesions of spreading keratinocytes in culture. Thus, it has been postulated that FAK may have an important in vivo role in the re-epithelialization of human wounds. FAK protein tyrosine kinase activity has also been shown to increase in cells stimulated to grow by use of mitogenic neuropeptides or neurotransmitters acting through G protein-coupled receptors.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FAK expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is found concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Activation of this gene may be an important early step in cell growth and intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered in response to certain neural peptides or to cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. At least four transcript variants encoding four different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length natures of only two of them have been determined. Tissue specificity: Expressed in all organs tested, in lymphoid cell lines, but most abundantly in brain.RD: Focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK) is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. This cellular localization is directed by a Focal Adhesion Targeting (FAT) sequence, a 125 amino acid sequence at the C-terminus. FAK plays an important role in migration, cell spreading, differentiation, cytoskeleton protein phosphorylation, apoptosis and acceleration of the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. It associates with several different signaling proteins such as Src-family PTKs, p130Cas, Shc, Grb2, PI 3-kinase, and paxillin. This enables FAK to function within a network of integrin-stimulated signaling pathways leading to the activation of targets such as the ERK and JNK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. FAK is also linked to oncogenes at biochemical and functional levels. Increased expression and/or activity of FAK in various tumors has been correlated with enhanced migration and invasiveness of human tumor cells in addition to promoting increased cell proliferation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FAK expressed in E. Coli.
Fatty acid binding proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long chain fatty acids, their coenzymes and other hydrophobic ligands and small molecules in the cytoplasm. It is thought that the role of these proteins includes fatty acid uptake, intracellular lipid transport and metabolism. FABP4 encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in adipocytes. FABP4 knockout mice fed a high-fat and high-calorie diet become obese but develop neither insulin resistance nor diabetes, suggesting that this protein might be a link between obesity and insulin resistance and diabetes A related study in humans indicated a similar pattern, suggesting that FABP4 may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of these disorders.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FABP4 expressed in E. Coli.
FABP4: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte. FABP4 encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in adipocytes. Fatty acid binding proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. It is thought that FABPs roles include fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of FABP4 (aa61-121) expressed in E. Coli.
The intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) belong to a multigene family with nearly twenty identified members. FABPs are divided into at least three distinct types, namely the hepatic-, intestinal- and cardiac-type. They form 14-15 kDa proteins and are thought to participate in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and/or transport of long-chain fatty acids. They may also be responsible in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene contains four exons and is an abundant cytosolic protein in small intestine epithelial cells. This gene has a polymorphism at codon 54 that identified an alanine-encoding allele and a threonine-encoding allele. Thr-54 protein is associated with increased fat oxidation and insulin resistance. Genetic variation in FABP2 may thus contribute to interindividual variation in the response of plasma lipoproteins to different dietary fibres, but the mechanism does not appear to be related to increases in fecal bile acid secretion.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human FABP2 expressed in E. Coli.
F8: coagulation factor VIII, procoagulant component. This gene encodes coagulation factor VIII, which participates in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation; factor VIII is a cofactor for factor IXa which, in the presence of Ca+2 and phospholipids, converts factor X to the activated form Xa. This gene produces two alternatively spliced transcripts. Transcript variant 1 encodes a large glycoprotein, isoform a, which circulates in plasma and associates with von Willebrand factor in a noncovalent complex. This protein undergoes multiple cleavage events. Transcript variant 2 encodes a putative small protein, isoform b, which consists primarily of the phospholipid binding domain of factor VIIIc. This binding domain is essential for coagulant activity. Defects in this gene results in hemophilia A, a common recessive X-linked coagulation disorder.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of F8 expressed in E. Coli.
KARS: lysyl-tRNA synthetase. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a homodimer localized to the cytoplasm which belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. It has been shown to be a target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune diseases, polymyositis or dermatomyositis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of KARS(aa90-174) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a major cytoplasmic protein which is the only known constituent common to submembranous plaques of both desmosomes and intermediate junctions. This protein forms distinct complexes with cadherins and desmosomal cadherins and is a member of the catenin family since it contains a distinct repeating amino acid motif called the armadillo repeat. Mutation in this gene has been associated with Naxos disease. Alternative splicing occurs in this gene; however, not all transcripts have been fully described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human JUP expressed in E. Coli.
JAK3, Janus kinase 3. It is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine receptor-mediated intracellular signal transduction. It is predominantly expressed in immune cells and transduces a signal in response to its activation via tyrosine phosphorylation by interleukin receptors. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human JAK3 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene product is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in a specific subset of cytokine receptor signaling pathways. It has been found to be constituitively associated with the prolactin receptor and is required for responses to gamma interferon. Mice that do not express an active protein for this gene exhibit embryonic lethality associated with the absence of definitive erythropoiesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of JAK2(745-955aa) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in T-cells. The protein contains both SH2 and SH3 domains which are often found in intracellular kinases. It is thought to play a role in T-cell proliferation and differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ITK expressed in E. Coli.
ITK: IL2-inducible T-cell kinase. This gene encodes an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in T-cells. The protein contains both SH2 and SH3 domains which are often found in intracellular kinases. It is thought to play a role in T-cell proliferation and differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ITK (aa2-110) expressed in E. Coli.
Integrins are heterodimers comprised of alpha and beta subunits, that are noncovalently associated transmembrane glycoprotein receptors. Different combinations of alpha and beta polypeptides form complexes that vary in their ligand-binding specificities. Integrins mediate cell-matrix or cell-cell adhesion, and transduced signals that regulate gene expression and cell growth. This gene encodes the integrin beta 4 subunit, a receptor for the laminins. This subunit tends to associate with alpha 6 subunit and is likely to play a pivotal role in the biology of invasive carcinoma. Mutations in this gene are associated with epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ITGB4 (AA: 1619-1822) expressed in E. Coli.
The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes the integrin alpha 5 chain. Alpha chain 5 undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 1 to form a fibronectin receptor. In addition to adhesion, integrins are known to participate in cell-surface mediated signalling. Integrin alpha 5 is a heterodimer that associates noncovalently with CD29/integrin beta 1 subunit to form the alpha-5-beta-1 very late antigen (VLA-5) complex. VLA-5 is a fibronectin receptor that is expressed on thymocytes, T-cells, monocytes and platelets. It is also found on very early B-cells and activated B-cells. VLA-5-mediated binding to fibronectin sends a costimulatory signal to T-cells and enhances Fc-gamma-R- and complement receptor-mediated phago-cytosis. It is also involved in monocyte migration into extracellular tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ITGA5 expressed in E. Coli.
ITGA2B encodes integrin alpha chain 2b. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Alpha chain 2b undergoes post-translational cleavage to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 3 to form a fibronectin receptor expressed in platelets that plays a crucial role in coagulation. Mutations that interfere with this role result in thrombasthenia. In addition to adhesion, integrins are known to participate in cell-surface mediated signalling. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ITGA2B (AA: 45-149) expressed in E. Coli.
ISL1 (ISL1 transcription factor, LIM/homeodomain) is a member of the LIM/homeodomain family of transcription factors. It binds to the enhancer region of the insulin gene, among others, and may play an important role in regulating insulin gene expression. It is central to the development of pancreatic cell lineages and may also be required for motor neuron generation. Islet-1 expression defines cardiac progenitor cell populations and is required for normal cardiac development and asymmetry. Mutations in this gene have been associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ISL1 expressed in E. Coli.
ISL1 (ISL1 transcription factor, LIM/homeodomain) is a member of the LIM/homeodomain family of transcription factors. It binds to the enhancer region of the insulin gene, among others, and may play an important role in regulating insulin gene expression. It is central to the development of pancreatic cell lineages and may also be required for motor neuron generation. Islet-1 expression defines cardiac progenitor cell populations and is required for normal cardiac development and asymmetry. Mutations in this gene have been associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ISL1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a kinase that activates NF-kappaB in both the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways. The protein is essential for most innate immune responses. Mutations in this gene result in IRAK4 deficiency and recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IRAK4 expressed in E. Coli.
INHA (A-inhibin subunit precursor, inhibin alpha subunit ), also called inhibin (alpha) ,which is located on chromosome 2q33-q36. Inhibin is a gonadal protein that preferentially suppresses the secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Inhibin comprises of two subunits,Inhibin A and B. Inhibin has been shown to regulate gonadal stromal cell proliferation negatively and to have tumor suppressor activity. In addition, serum levels of inhibin have been shown to reflect the size of granulosa cell tumors and can therefore be used as a marker for primary as well as recurrent disease. In addition to their role in endocrine feedback in the reproductive sytem, inhibins subserve local regulatory roles in numerous extragonadal tissues, including brain, adrenal,bone marrow, placenta, and most notably anterior pituitary. Inhibin alpha subunit gene expression is down regulated in human prostate cancer, suggesting a tumor suppressive role.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human INHA expressed in E. Coli.
Inhibins are peptide hormones produced by the granulosa cells in female follicles and by Sertoli cells in the male seminiferous tubules. They are selectively expressed by cells of sex cord stromal derivation, and inhibit the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins are also involved in regulating diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins, as inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibin has 2 subunits (alpha and beta) that are coded by separate genes. The alpha subunit determines whether inhibin or activin will be produced. The alpha subunit remains constant, such that the various types of inhibin are defined by the beta subunit (a,b,c,d). Inhibin A is a dimer of alpha and beta A. Inhibin B is a dimer of alpha and beta B. Proteolytic processing yields a number of inhibin alpha bioactive forms: the 20/23 kDa forms consist solely of the mature alpha chain, the 26/29 kDa forms consist of the most N terminal propeptide linked through a disulfide bond to the mature alpha chain, and the 50/53 kDa forms encompass the entire proprotein. Each type can be furthermore either mono or diglycosylated, causing the mass difference.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human INHA expressed in E. Coli.
Influenza A and B are the two types of influenza viruses that cause epidemic human disease. Influenza B viruses currently circulating are divided into two antigenically and genetically distinct groups: the Victoria and Yamagata lineages.Influenza virus B is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. A limited host range means that Influenza virus B pandemics are rare. The nucleoprotein protects the negative strand viral RNA from nucleases by encapsidating it. encapsidated genomic RNA is termed the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and serves as template for transcription and replication.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Influenza B virus Nucleoprotein (strain:B/Lee/40) expressed in E. Coli.
Influenza A and B are the two types of influenza viruses that cause epidemic human disease. Influenza type C infections cause a mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics. Influenza A viruses are further categorized into subtypes on the basis of two surface antigens: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Strains are also described by geographic origin, strain number and year of isolation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Influenza A virus nucleoprotein expressed in E. Coli strain BL21(DE3)
Transduction of extracellular matrix signals through integrins influences intracellular and extracellular functions, and appears to require interaction of integrin cytoplasmic domains with cellular proteins. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of beta-1 integrin. This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase with 4 ankyrin-like repeats, which associates with the cytoplasmic domain of beta integrins and acts as a proximal receptor kinase regulating integrin-mediated signal transduction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ILK (AA: 97-244) expressed in E. Coli.
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a member of the CXC chemokine family. This chemokine is one of the major mediators of the inflammatory response. This chemokine is secreted by several cell types. It functions as a chemoattractant, and is also a potent angiogenic factor. IL-8 is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory tract disease caused by viral infection. IL-8 and other ten members of the CXC chemokine gene family form a chemokine gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 4q.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IL-8 expressed in E. Coli.
Interleukine 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine produced primarily by stimulated monocytes, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. It has a wide variety of biological functions through activating a cellsurface signaling assembly composed of IL6, IL6RA, and the shared signaling receptor gp130. The cytokine plays an essential role in the final differentiation of b-cells into Igsecreting cells, and induces myeloma, plasmacytoma growth, nerve cells differentiations. In addition, IL-6 is an important regulator of acute phase reaction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IL-6 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is an interleukin 3 specific subunit of a heterodimeric cytokine receptor. The receptor is comprised of a ligand specific alpha subunit and a signal transducing beta subunit shared by the receptors for interleukin 3 (IL3), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF), and interleukin 5 (IL5). The binding of this protein to IL3 depends on the beta subunit. The beta subunit is activated by the ligand binding, and is required for the biological activities of IL3. This gene and the gene encoding the colony stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha chain (CSF2RA) form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a X-Y pseudoautosomal region on chromosomes X or Y. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found. ; ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IL3RA (AA: 200-305) expressed in E. Coli.
Cytokine that promotes the differentiation and viability of monocytes and macrophages. Stimulates phosphorylation of MAPK1/ERK2 AND MAPK3/ERK1. Ligand for colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor CSF1R.Tissue specificity: Detected in the sinusoidal epithelium in the red pulp of spleen (at protein level). Predominantly expressed in spleen. Also detected in a range of other tissues including heart, brain, lung, liver, kidney, thymus, testis, ovary, small intestine, prostate and colon.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human IL34 expressed in E. Coli.
IL-2: interleukin-2. Entrez Protein NP_000577. It is a 17.6kDa secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of IL2 expressed in E. Coli.
ETS variant 5,transcription factor of the ETS family,divergent member of the winged helix-turn-helix superfamily,expressed in brain,placenta and other tissues involved in development. Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous. ERM is expressed in Sertoli cells and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Studies on knockout mice have shown that it is required for SSC self-renewal but not differentiation, thus affected mice exhibit progressive germ cell depletion.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ETV5 expressed in E. Coli.
ETV4: ets variant gene 4 (E1A enhancer binding protein, E1AF), also known as PEA3. Several members of the Ets gene family are known to encode sequencespecific DNA binding proteins. These include mouse PU.1, mouse and human Ets-1, Drosophila E74, chicken and human Ets-2 and rat GABP-?. Each of these proteins recognizes similar motifs in DNA that share a centrally located 5'-GGAA-3' element. For instance, PEA3 binds the motif 5'-AGGAAG-3' (the PEA-3 motif), but does not bind to the sequence 5'-AGGAAC-3', recognized by PU.1, although PU.1 binds equally well to both sequences. It appears that all of the Ets proteins recognize the same central core sequence but that each protein interacts with unique sequences that flank this core. PEA3 is expressed at readily detectable levels in cells of epithelial and fibroblastic origin but is not expressed in hematopoietic cells. This is in contrast to other members of the Ets gene family, such as Ets-1, Ets-2 and Fli-1, each of which is expressed primarily in cells of hematopoietic origin.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ETV4 (aa50-109) expressed in E. Coli.
ETV1: ets variant gene 1. Several members of the Ets gene family encode sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that recognize DNA sequences with a centrally located 5'-GGAA-3' element. All of the Ets proteins recognize the same central core sequence but each protein interacts with unique sequences that flank this core. ER81 (also designated ETV1) binds the motif 5'-CGGAA/T-3'. ER81 is highly expressed in brain, testis, lung and heart. ER81 is also moderately expressed in spleen, pancreas, colon and small intestine. During development, ER81 displays a unique expression patterns which suggests that this transcriptional factor might play an important role in organogenesis. ERK-1 activates ER81 transcriptional activity while MAPKAP kinase 2 inhibits ER81.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ETV1 (aa1-191) expressed in E. Coli.
The ETS1 is a transcription factor known to regulate expression of a number of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. ETS1 is absent from normal gastric epithelium but is expressed in approximately 60% of gastric carcinomas and oral squamous cell carcinomas with a significant correlation to the tumor stage.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ETS1 expressed in E. Coli.
The ETS1 is a transcription factor known to regulate expression of a number of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. ETS1 is absent from normal gastric epithelium but is expressed in approximately 60% of gastric carcinomas and oral squamous cell carcinomas with a significant correlation to the tumor stage.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ETS1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14. Mutations in these genes have been associated with a complex of diseases termed epidermolysis bullosa simplex. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CK5 (AA: 316-590) expressed in E. Coli.
CK17, also known as KRT17, it is the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 17. It is found in nail beds, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and other epidermal appendages. Mutations in this gene lead to Jackson-Lawler type pachyonychia congenita and steatocystoma multiplex. May play a role in the formation and maintenance of various skin appendages, specifically in determining shape and orientation of hair. May be a marker of basal cell differentiation in complex epithelia and therefore indicative of a certain type of epithelial "stem cells". May act as an autoantigen in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, with certain peptide regions being a major target for autoreactive T-cells and hence causing their proliferation. Required for the correct growth of hair follicles, in particular for the persistence of the anagen (growth) state. Modulates the function of TNF-alpha in the specific context of hair cycling. Regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth through binding to the adapter protein SFN and by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. Involved in tissue repair.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CK17 expressed in E. Coli.
CK1 (also designated Cytokeratin 1 or KRT1 ),with 644-amino acid protein (about 70kDa), is a member of the keratin family. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization, and they function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells.CK1 consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. CK1 is specifically expressed in the spinous and granular layers of the epidermis with family member KRT10 and mutations in these genes have been associated with bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CK1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is the putative transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. It encodes a protein which is highly similar to the viral protein, and which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. This gene is intronless and is mapped to 1p32-p31, a chromosomal region involved in both translocations and deletions in human malignancies.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human c-Jun expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is the putative transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. It encodes a protein which is highly similar to the viral protein, and which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. This gene is intronless and is mapped to 1p32-p31, a chromosomal region involved in both translocations and deletions in human malignancies.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human c-Jun expressed in E. Coli.
CIB1(also designated calcium and integrin binding 1 or calmyrin),with 191-amino acid protein(about 21kDa), belongs to the calcium-binding protein family.CIB1 is known to interact with DNA-dependent protein kinase and may play a role in kinase-phosphatase regulation of DNA end joining.CIB1 is an EF-hand-containing protein that binds multiple effector proteins, including the platelet alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin and several serine/threonine kinases and potentially modulates their function.CIB1 regulates platelet aggregation in hemostasis through a specific interaction with the alpha(IIb) cytoplasmic domain of platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3). CIB1 is also ubiquitously expressed activating and inhibiting protein ligand of the InsP3R.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CIB1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein, a component of a cytokine-activated protein complex that is an inhibitor of the essential transcription factor NF-kappa-B complex, phosphorylates sites that trigger the degradation of the inhibitor via the ubiquination pathway, thereby activating the transcription factor.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CHUK expressed in E. Coli.
CHUK: conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase. This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein, a component of a cytokine-activated protein complex that is an inhibitor of the essential transcription factor NF-kappa-B complex, phosphorylates sites that trigger the degradation of the inhibitor via the ubiquination pathway, thereby activating the transcription factor.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CHUK (aa500-590) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein, a component of a cytokine-activated protein complex that is an inhibitor of the essential transcription factor NF-kappa-B complex, phosphorylates sites that trigger the degradation of the inhibitor via the ubiquination pathway, thereby activating the transcription factor.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CHUK expressed in E. Coli.
CHK2: CHK2 checkpoint homolog (S. pombe). In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CHK2 (aa481-531) expressed in E. Coli.
CHK1, also known as CHEK1, it is a kinase that phosphorylates cdc25, an important phosphatase in cell cycle control, particularly for entry into mitosis. Cdc25, when phosphorylated on serine 216 by chk1 becomes bound by an adaptor protein in the cytoplasm. Therefore it is inhibited from removing the inhibiting phosphate from MPF (mitotic/maturation promoting factor) added by Wee1. Consequently, a cell is prevented from entering mitosis. Chk1 can also phosphorylate p53 at Ser20 in vitro.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CHK1 expressed in E. Coli.
CHIT1:chitinase 1 (chitotriosidase). Chitotriosidase is a 50 kDa secreted glycoprotein that belongs to glycohydrolase family # 18. It is secreted by activated human macrophages and is markedly elevated in plasma of Gaucher disease patients. The expression of chitotriosidase occurs only at a late stage of differentiation of monocytes to activated macrophages in culture. Human macrophages can synthesize a functional chitotriosidase, a highly conserved enzyme with a strongly regulated expression. This enzyme may play a role in the degradation of chitin-containing pathogens.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CHIT1 (aa22-137) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. It is found in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. This gene product is a precursor to three biologically active peptides; vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocrine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. Other peptides, including chromostatin, beta-granin, WE-14 and GE-25, are also derived from the full-length protein. However, biological activities for these molecules have not been shown. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CHGA (AA: 87-252 ) expressed in E. Coli.
CER1: cerberus 1, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog (Xenopus laevis). Ii is a cytokine member of the cysteine knot superfamily, characterized by nine conserved cysteines and a cysteine knot region. The cerberus-related cytokines, together with Dan and DRM/Gremlin, represent a group of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists that can bind directly to BMPs and inhibit their activity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CER1 expressed in E. Coli.
CER1: cerberus 1, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog (Xenopus laevis). Ii is a cytokine member of the cysteine knot superfamily, characterized by nine conserved cysteines and a cysteine knot region. The cerberus-related cytokines, together with Dan and DRM/Gremlin, represent a group of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists that can bind directly to BMPs and inhibit their activity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CER1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a bZIP transcription factor which can bind as a homodimer to certain DNA regulatory regions. It can also form heterodimers with the related proteins CEBP-alpha, CEBP-delta, and CEBP-gamma. The encoded protein is important in the regulation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses and has been shown to bind to the IL-1 response element in the IL-6 gene, as well as to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokine genes. In addition, the encoded protein can bind the promoter and upstream element and stimulate the expression of the collagen type I gene. Tissue specificity: Expressed at low levels in the lung, kidney and spleen.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CEBPB expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a bZIP transcription factor which can bind as a homodimer to certain promoters and enhancers. It can also form heterodimers with the related proteins CEBP-beta and CEBP-gamma. The encoded protein has been shown to bind to the promoter and modulate the expression of the gene encoding leptin, a protein that plays an important role in body weight homeostasis. Also, the encoded protein can interact with CDK2 and CDK4, thereby inhibiting these kinases and causing growth arrest in cultured cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthesized peptide of human CEBPA (AA: C-RKSRDKAKRNVETKV).
Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA) is synthesised during development in the fetal gut, and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. Antibodies to CEA are useful in identifying the origin of various metastatic adenocarcinomas and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60 to 70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+). The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a member of a large family of glycoproteins and a useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma. Tissue specificity: Found in adenocarcinomas of endodermally derived digestive system epithelium and fetal colon.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CEA expressed in E. Coli.
Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA) is synthesised during development in the fetal gut, and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. Antibodies to CEA are useful in identifying the origin of various metastatic adenocarcinomas and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60 to 70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+).The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a member of a large family of glycoproteins and a useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma.Tissue specificity: Found in adenocarcinomas of endodermally derived digestive system epithelium and fetal colon.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CEA expressed in E. Coli.
This gene generates several transcript variants which differ in their first exons. At least three alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct proteins have been reported, two of which encode structurally related isoforms known to function as inhibitors of CDK4 kinase. The remaining transcript includes an alternate first exon located 20 Kb upstream of the remainder of the gene; this transcript contains an alternate open reading frame (ARF) that specifies a protein which is structurally unrelated to the products of the other variants. This ARF product functions as a stabilizer of the tumor suppressor protein p53 as it can interact with, and sequester, MDM1, a protein responsible for the degradation of p53. In spite of the structural and functional differences, the CDK inhibitor isoforms and the ARF product encoded by this gene, through the regulatory roles of CDK4 and p53 in cell cycle G1 progression, share a common functionality in cell cycle G1 control. This gene is frequently mutated or deleted in a wide variety of tumors, and is known to be an important tumor suppressor gene. ; ; ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDKN2A (AA: 1-156) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a tight-binding, strong inhibitor of several G1 cyclin/Cdk complexes and a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are implicated in sporadic cancers and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndorome, suggesting that this gene is a tumor suppressor candidate. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.Tissue specificity: Expressed in the heart, brain, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas and testis. High levels are seen in the placenta while low levels are seen in the liver.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDKN1C expressed in E. Coli.
p27 KIP 1 is a cell cycle regulatory mitotic inhibitor of cdk activity. p27 KIP 1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene, and has been proposed to function as a possible mediator of TGF beta induced G1 arrest. p27 KIP 1 is up regulated in response to antimitogenic stimuli. The increased protein expression of p27 results in cellular arrest by binding to cyclin/Cdk complexes such as cyclin D1/Cdk4. Decreased levels of p27Kip1, mainly due to proteosomal degradation, are found in various epithelial tumors originating from lung, breast, colon, ovary, esophagus, thyroid and prostate.Tissue specificity: Expressed in all tissues tested. Highest levels in skeletal muscle, lowest in liver and kidney.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDKN1B expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and known as important cell cycle regulators. This kinase was found to be a component of the multiprotein complex TAK/P-TEFb, which is an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription and functions by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. This protein forms a complex with and is regulated by its regulatory subunit cyclin T or cyclin K. HIV-1 Tat protein was found to interact with this protein and cyclin T, which suggested a possible involvement of this protein in AIDS. (provided by RefSeq)Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDK9 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and known as important cell cycle regulators. This kinase was found to be a component of the multiprotein complex TAK/P-TEFb, which is an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription and functions by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. This protein forms a complex with and is regulated by its regulatory subunit cyclin T or cyclin K. HIV-1 Tat protein was found to interact with this protein and cyclin T, which suggested a possible involvement of this protein in AIDS. (provided by RefSeq)Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDK9 expressed in E. Coli.
Function: Probably involved in the control of the cell cycle. Interacts with D1 and D3-type G1 cyclins. Can phosphorylate histone H1, tau, MAP2 and NF-H and NF-M. Also interacts with p35 which activates the kinase.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDK5 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This protein is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF), which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. Mitotic cyclins stably associate with this protein and function as regulatory subunits. The kinase activity of this protein is controlled by cyclin accumulation and destruction through the cell cycle. The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of this protein also play important regulatory roles in cell cycle control.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDK1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This protein is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF), which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. Mitotic cyclins stably associate with this protein and function as regulatory subunits. The kinase activity of this protein is controlled by cyclin accumulation and destruction through the cell cycle. The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of this protein also play important regulatory roles in cell cycle control.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDK1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily and is located in a six-cadherin cluster in a region on the long arm of chromosome 16 that is involved in loss of heterozygosity events in breast and prostate cancer. The encoded protein is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Functioning as a classic cadherin by imparting to cells the ability to adhere in a homophilic manner, the protein may play an important role in endothelial cell biology through control of the cohesion and organization of the intercellular junctions. An alternative splice variant has been described but its full length sequence has not been determined. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDH5 (AA: 29-223 ) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein is a calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. The protein functions during gastrulation and is required for establishment of left-right asymmetry. At certain central nervous system synapses, presynaptic to postsynaptic adhesion is mediated at least in part by this gene product.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDH2 expressed in E. Coli.
The product of this gene transfers fucose to N-acetyllactosamine polysaccharides to generate fucosylated carbohydrate structures. It catalyzes the synthesis of the non-sialylated antigen, Lewis x (CD15).
This gene encodes a homodimeric transmembrane protein which is a major glycoprotein of the vascular endothelium. This protein is a component of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex and it binds TGFB1 and TGFB3 with high affinity. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, also known as Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1, an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD105 expressed in E. Coli.
CD10(MME): membrane metallo-endopeptidase. This gene encodes a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen that is an important cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This protein is present on leukemic cells of pre-B phenotype, which represent 85% of cases of ALL. This protein is not restricted to leukemic cells, however, and is found on a variety of normal tissues. It is a glycoprotein that is particularly abundant in kidney, where it is present on the brush border of proximal tubules and on glomerular epithelium. The protein is a neutral endopeptidase that cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues and inactivates several peptide hormones including glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. This gene, which encodes a 100-kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein, exists in a single copy of greater than 45 kb. The 5' untranslated region of this gene is alternatively spliced, resulting in four separate mRNA transcripts. The coding region is not affected by alternative splicing.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CD10 expressed in E. Coli.
CD10 is a 100kDa glycoprotein, also designated Common Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA). It is a cell surface enzyme with neutral metalloendopeptidase activity which inactivates a variety of biologically active peptides. CD10 is expressed on the cells of lymphoblastic, Burkitts, and follicular germinal center lymphomas, and on cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). It is also expressed on the surface of normal early lymphoid progenitor cells, immature B cells within adult bone marrow and germinal center B cells within lymphoid tissue. CD10 is also present on breast myoepithelial cells, bile canaliculi, fibroblasts, with especially high expression on the brush border of kidney and gut epithelial cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD-10 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. Unfolded polypeptides enter the central cavity of the complex and are folded in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CCT2 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. Unfolded polypeptides enter the central cavity of the complex and are folded in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CCT2 expressed in E. Coli.
During each cell cycle cyclins undergo periodic accumulation and destruction. As key regulators of the cell cycle the cyclins control important transitions by acting as regulatory subunits of the Cdks. Early in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, cyclin D1 induction is followed by cyclin E induction. This sequential progression is marked early on in G1 by the activation of Cdk4 and in mid to late G1 by the activation of Cdk2 and the hyperphosphorylation of pRB. The final transition into S phase is thought to be dependent on the increased expression and association of cyclin E and Cdk2. In a recent study, Cyclin D1 regulates cellular metabolism, fat cell differentiation and cellular migration. Cyclin D1 is also involved in development and cancer. Cyclin D1 has also been linked to the development and progression of several cancers including breast, bladder, esophagus, and lung.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CCND1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. The gene product complexes with p34(cdc2) to form the maturation-promoting factor (MPF). Two alternative transcripts have been found, a constitutively expressed transcript and a cell cycle-regulated transcript, that is expressed predominantly during G2/M phase. The different transcripts result from the use of alternate transcription initiation sites. (provided by RefSeq) It has higher expression in tumor tissues .
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CCNB1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. The gene product complexes with p34(cdc2) to form the maturation-promoting factor (MPF). Two alternative transcripts have been found, a constitutively expressed transcript and a cell cycle-regulated transcript, that is expressed predominantly during G2/M phase. The different transcripts result from the use of alternate transcription initiation sites. (provided by RefSeq) It has higher expression in tumor tissues .
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CCNB1 expressed in E. Coli.
The cbl oncogene was first identified as part of a transforming retrovirus which induces mouse pre-B and pro-B cell lymphomas. As an adaptor protein for receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, it positively regulates receptor protein-tyrosine kinase ubiquitination in a manner dependent upon its variant SH2 and RING finger domains. Ubiquitination of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases terminates signaling by marking active receptors for degradation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human C-CBL expressed in E. Coli.
Chromobox homolog 8 (CBX8), a Polycomb Group protein that interacts with MLL-AF9 and TIP60, plays an essential role in MLL-AF9 transcriptional regulation and leukemogenesis. CBX8, which is part of one of the PRC1 complexes, regulates proliferation of diploid human and mouse fibroblasts through direct binding to the INK4A-ARF locus. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CBX8 (AA: 17-222 ) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes composed of a prodomain, a large protease subunit, and a small protease subunit. Activation of caspases requires proteolytic processing at conserved internal aspartic residues to generate a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of the large and small subunits. This protein is involved in the programmed cell death induced by Fas and various apoptotic stimuli. The N-terminal FADD-like death effector domain of this protein suggests that it may interact with Fas-interacting protein FADD. This protein was detected in the insoluble fraction of the affected brain region from Huntington disease patients but not in those from normal controls, which implicated the role in neurodegenerative diseases. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described, although not all variants have had their full-length sequences determined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CASP8 expressed in E. Coli.
Protein arginine N-methyltransferases, such as CARM1, catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the side chain nitrogens of arginine residues within proteins to form methylated arginine derivatives and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. Protein arginine methylation has been implicated in signal transduction, metabolism of nascent pre-RNA, and transcriptional activation (Frankel et al. 2002 (PubMed 11724789). Tissue specificity: Overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinomas and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CARM1 expressed in E. Coli.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role as an intracellular second messenger for transduction events that follow a number of extracellular signals. The G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR) is the largest family of cell surface receptors. They can be activated by different ligands, such as neurotransmitters, hormones, ions, small molecules, peptides, and other physiological signaling molecules. Typically, the binding of the ligands to its receptor resulting in the activation of G-proteins, in return, activates the effector adenylyl cyclase evoking the production of cAMP. The activation of a protein kinase by cAMP results in the phosphorylation of substrate proteins. Currently successful drugs in marketing have been developed to target these receptors. Among the GPCRs, ~367 receptors are potential drug development targets, but only about 20 have been used to generate therapeutically and commercially successful drugs so far. Because the involvement of cAMP can amplify the response of the ligand binding, the second messenger cAMP has been largely employed to monitor the activation of the GPCR to facilitate the therapeutic drug discovery
Calreticulin, also known as RO, CRT, SSA, cC1qR, FLJ26680, CALR. Entrez Protein NP_004334. It is a multifunctional protein that acts as a major Ca(2+)-binding (storage) protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that it may have a role in transcription regulation. Calreticulin binds to the synthetic peptide KLGFFKR, which is almost identical to an amino acid sequence in the DNA-binding domain of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Calreticulin binds to antibodies in certain sera of systemic lupus and Sjogren patients which contain anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, it is highly conserved among species, and it is located in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum where it may bind calcium. The amino terminus of calreticulin interacts with the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and prevents the receptor from binding to its specific glucocorticoid response element. Calreticulin can inhibit the binding of androgen receptor to its hormone-responsive DNA element and can inhibit androgen receptor and retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activities in vivo, as well as retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Thus, calreticulin can act as an important modulator of the regulation of gene transcription by nuclear hormone receptors. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased autoantibody titers against calreticulin but calreticulin is not a Ro/SS-A antigen. Earlier papers referred to calreticulin as an Ro/SS-A antigen but this was later disproven. Increased autoantibody titer against human calreticulin is found in infants with complete congenital heart block of both the IgG and IgM classes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa (EEEDVPGQAKDELC) of human Calreticulin, conjugated to KLH.
Calreticulin is a multifunctional protein that acts as a major Ca(2+)-binding (storage) protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that it may have a role in transcription regulation. Calreticulin binds to the synthetic peptide KLGFFKR, which is almost identical to an amino acid sequence in the DNA-binding domain of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Calreticulin binds to antibodies in certain sera of systemic lupus and Sjogren patients which contain anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, it is highly conserved among species, and it is located in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum where it may bind calcium. The amino terminus of calreticulin interacts with the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and prevents the receptor from binding to its specific glucocorticoid response element. Calreticulin can inhibit the binding of androgen receptor to its hormone-responsive DNA element and can inhibit androgen receptor and retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activities in vivo, as well as retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Thus, calreticulin can act as an important modulator of the regulation of gene transcription by nuclear hormone receptors. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased autoantibody titers against calreticulin but calreticulin is not a Ro/SS-A antigen. Earlier papers referred to calreticulin as an Ro/SS-A antigen but this was later disproven. Increased autoantibody titer against human calreticulin is found in infants with complete congenital heart block of both the IgG and IgM classes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa(E-E-E-D-V-P-G-Q-A-K-D-E-L-C)of human Calreticulin, conjugated to KLH.
This gene encodes a member of the calnexin family of molecular chaperones. The encoded protein is a calcium-binding, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein that interacts transiently with newly synthesized N-linked glycoproteins, facilitating protein folding and assembly. It may also play a central role in the quality control of protein folding by retaining incorrectly folded protein subunits within the ER for degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa (CEAAEERPWLWVVYILTVAL) of human Calnexin, conjugated to KLH.
Calcyclin encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in stimulation of Ca2+-dependent insulin release, stimulation of prolactin secretion, and exocytosis. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in melanoma.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of calcyclin expressed in E. Coli.
CA IX is a transmembrane protein and the only tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme known. It is expressed in all clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, but is not detected in normal kidney or most other normal tissues. It may be involved in cell proliferation and transformation. Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Participates in pH regulation. May be involved in the control of cell proliferation and transformation. Appears to be a novel specific biomarker for a cervical neoplasia. Tissue specificity: Expressed primarily in carcinoma cells lines. Expression is restricted to very few normal tissues and the most abundant expression is found in the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CA9 expressed in E. Coli.
CA1: carbonic anhydrase I. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA1 is closely linked to CA2 and CA3 genes on chromosome 8, and it encodes a cytosolic protein which is found at the highest level in erythrocytes. Transcript variants of CA1 utilizing alternative polyA_sites have been described in literature.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CA1 (aa25-90) expressed in E. Coli.
CD33 is found on granulocyte and macrophage precursors in the bone marrow, but is not on pluripotent stem cells. The protein is also expressed on, and is a useful marker for, peripheral monocytes. It is also useful for distinguishing myelogenous leukaemia cells from lymphoid or erythroid leukaemias.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CD33 (48-258) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to putative adhesion molecule of myelomonocytic-derived cells that mediates sialic-acid dependent binding to cells. Preferentially binds to alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid. The sialic acid recognition site may be masked by cis interactions with sialic acids on the same cell surface. In the immune response, may act as an inhibitory receptor upon ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation by recruiting cytoplasmic phosphatase(s) via their SH2 domain(s) that block signal transduction through dephosphorylation of signaling molecules. Induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (in vitro) and CD33 plays potential key roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD33 (AA: 15-237) expressed in E. Coli.
CD31, also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1), is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors.It is constitutively expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, and concentrated at the junction between them. The antibody reacts with the murine form of the Platelet-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule. The reactivity of the antibody is restricted to the isoform of the molecule that is selectively expressed by endothelial cells.The antigen is predominantly present at the lateral borders of endothelial cells as described for human PECAM-1.It is also weakly expressed on many peripheral lymphoid cells and platelets.CD31 has been used to measure angiogenesis in association with tumor recurrence. Other studies have also indicated that CD31 and CD34 can be used as markers for myeloid progenitor cells and recognize different subsets of myeloid leukemia infiltrates (granular sarcomas).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD31 expressed in E. Coli.
C17orf53 (chromosome 17 open reading frame 53) is a 647 amino acid protein that is encoded by a gene mapping to human chromosome 17. Chromosome 17 makes up over 2.5% of the human genome with about 81 million bases encoding over 1,200 genes. Two key tumor suppressor genes are associated with chromosome 17, namely, p53 and BRCA1. Tumor suppressor p53 is necessary for maintenance of cellular genetic integrity by moderating cell fate through DNA repair versus cell death. Malfunction or loss of p53 expression is associated with malignant cell growth and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Like p53, BRCA1 is directly involved in DNA repair, specifically it is recognized as a genetic determinant of early onset breast cancer and predisposition to cancers of the ovary, colon, prostate gland and fallopian tubes. Chromosome 17 is also linked to neurofibromatosis, a condition characterized by neural and epidermal lesions, and dysregulated Schwann cell growth. Alexander disease, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and Canavan disease are also associated with chromosome 17. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human C17ORF53 (AA: 282-527 ) expressed in E. Coli.
C17orf53 (chromosome 17 open reading frame 53) is a 647 amino acid protein that is encoded by a gene mapping to human chromosome 17. Chromosome 17 makes up over 2.5% of the human genome with about 81 million bases encoding over 1,200 genes. Two key tumor suppressor genes are associated with chromosome 17, namely, p53 and BRCA1. Tumor suppressor p53 is necessary for maintenance of cellular genetic integrity by moderating cell fate through DNA repair versus cell death. Malfunction or loss of p53 expression is associated with malignant cell growth and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Like p53, BRCA1 is directly involved in DNA repair, specifically it is recognized as a genetic determinant of early onset breast cancer and predisposition to cancers of the ovary, colon, prostate gland and fallopian tubes. Chromosome 17 is also linked to neurofibromatosis, a condition characterized by neural and epidermal lesions, and dysregulated Schwann cell growth. Alexander disease, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and Canavan disease are also associated with chromosome 17. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human C17ORF53 (AA: 282-527) expressed in E. Coli.
C17orf53 (chromosome 17 open reading frame 53) is a 647 amino acid protein that is encoded by a gene mapping to human chromosome 17. Chromosome 17 makes up over 2.5% of the human genome with about 81 million bases encoding over 1,200 genes. Two key tumor suppressor genes are associated with chromosome 17, namely, p53 and BRCA1. Tumor suppressor p53 is necessary for maintenance of cellular genetic integrity by moderating cell fate through DNA repair versus cell death. Malfunction or loss of p53 expression is associated with malignant cell growth and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Like p53, BRCA1 is directly involved in DNA repair, specifically it is recognized as a genetic determinant of early onset breast cancer and predisposition to cancers of the ovary, colon, prostate gland and fallopian tubes. Chromosome 17 is also linked to neurofibromatosis, a condition characterized by neural and epidermal lesions, and dysregulated Schwann cell growth. Alexander disease, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and Canavan disease are also associated with chromosome 17. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human C17ORF53 (AA:282-527 ) expressed in E. Coli.
BRAF: v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1, also known as BRAF1; RAFB1; B-RAF1; FLJ95109. Entrez Protein NP_004324. It is the main effectors recruited by GTP-bound Ras to activate the MEK-MAP kinase pathway. B-Raf contains three consensus Akt phosphorylationsites (Ser364, Ser428, and Thr439). B-Raf is a key regulatory molecule of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), it has a long amino-terminal region,the region is essential for homo-dimerization of B-Raf and hetero-dimerization of B-Raf and c-Raf at the plasma membrane, followed by phosphorylation of Thr118 in the amino-terminal B-Raf-specific region. Notably, in calcium ionophore-stimulated HeLa cells, B-Raf could propagate signals to MEK under the basal level of GTP-Ras. Expression of Raf-B is highly restricted with highestlevels in the cerebrum and testes and defects in braf are involved in a wide range of cancers. The BRAF gene mutation is frequently detected in papillary thyroid carcinoma,melanocytic nevi, primary cutaneous melanomas and colorectal cancers.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BRAF expressed in E. Coli.
BRAF(V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 ) is the main effectors recruited by GTP-bound Ras to activate the MEK-MAP kinase pathway. B-Raf contains three consensus Akt phosphorylationsites (Ser364, Ser428, and Thr439).B-Raf is a key regulatory molecule of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK),it has a long amino-terminal region,the region is essential for homo-dimerization of B-Raf and hetero-dimerization of B-Raf and c-Raf at the plasma membrane, followed by phosphorylation of Thr118 in the amino-terminal B-Raf-specific region. Notably, in calcium ionophore-stimulated HeLa cells, B-Raf could propagate signals to MEK under the basal level of GTP-Ras. Expression of Raf-B is highly restricted with highestlevels in the cerebrum and testes and defects in braf are involved in a wide range of cancers.The BRAF gene mutation is frequently detected in papillary thyroid carcinoma,melanocytic nevi,primary cutaneous melanomas and colorectal cancers.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of BRAF expressed in E. Coli.
BPTF (bromodomain and PHD domain transcription factor) is the largest subunit of the ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling complex, NURF (nucleosome remodelling factor). NURF catalyses ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding and facilitates transcription. BPTF recognises histone H3 tails that are tri-methylated at K4, which marks the transcriptional start site of the vast majority of transcriptionally active genes. BPTF also exhibits some binding to H3 di-methylated at K4. BPTF plays a key role in the development of early mouse embryos, possibly through regulation of the Smad pathway of transcription factors. While BPTF is expressed in low levels in the adult brain and spinal cord, it is expressed in higher levels in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. It is present in a subset of amyloid-containing plaques in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Abundantly expressed in the fetal brain. Present throughout the gray and white matter of the developing spinal cord at 18-22 gestational weeks. Expressed at low levels in adult brain and spinal cord and reexpressed in neurodegenerative diseases (at protein level) .Tissue specificity: Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in testis. Present in kidney, liver and brain. In the brain, highest levels are found in motor cortex (at protein level).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BPTF expressed in E. Coli.
BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) belongs to a family of structurally similar peptide hormones, which includes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), BNP, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and urodilatin. ANP and BNP act mainly as cardiac hormones, produced primarily by the atrium and ventricle, respectively, while the gene encoding C-type natriuretic peptide is expressed mainly in the brain. BNP circulates in blood as a peptide hormone with natriuretic, vasodilatory and renin inhibitory properties. It is secreted predominantly by the left ventricular myocytes in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. These peptides are characterized by a common 17 amino acid ring structure with a disulfide bond between two cystein residues. This ring structure shows high homology between different natriuretic.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa (Cys-Phe-Gly-Arg-Lys-Met-Asp-Arg-Ile-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser) of human BNP, conjugated to KLH.
BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) belongs to a family of structurally similar peptide hormones, which includes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), BNP, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and urodilatin. ANP and BNP act mainly as cardiac hormones, produced primarily by the atrium and ventricle, respectively, while the gene encoding C-type natriuretic peptide is expressed mainly in the brain. BNP circulates in blood as a peptide hormone with natriuretic, vasodilatory and renin inhibitory properties. It is secreted predominantly by the left ventricular myocytes in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. These peptides are characterized by a common 17 amino acid ring structure with a disulfide bond between two cystein residues. This ring structure shows high homology between different natriuretic.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa (Glu-Pro-Leu-Gln-Glu-Ser-Pro-Arg-Pro-Thr-Gly-Val-Trp-Cys) of human BNP, conjugated to KLH.
BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) belongs to a family of structurally similar peptide hormones, which includes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), BNP, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and urodilatin. ANP and BNP act mainly as cardiac hormones, produced primarily by the atrium and ventricle, respectively, while the gene encoding C-type natriuretic peptide is expressed mainly in the brain. BNP circulates in blood as a peptide hormone with natriuretic, vasodilatory and renin inhibitory properties. It is secreted predominantly by the left ventricular myocytes in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. These peptides are characterized by a common 17 amino acid ring structure with a disulfide bond between two cystein residues. This ring structure shows high homology between different natriuretic.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa (Gly-Leu-Gln-Glu-Gln-Arg-Asn-His-Leu-Gln-Gly-Lys-Leu-Cys) of human BNP, conjugated to KLH.
BMX (bone marrow X kinase) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase identified by reverse transcription of mRNA isolated from human bone marrow and mapped to the chromosomal band Xp22.2. The full length protein is 675 amino acids with a tyrosine kinase domain, an amino terminal pleckstrin domain, as well as an SH3 and SH2 domain. Direct comparison of BMX's primary sequence with other kinases showed that this is highly related to the family of BTK/ITK/TEC. BMX kinase is expressed in fetal and adult tissues, with the highest expression in heart, testis, small intestine and colon. It is undetectable in spleen, brain, kidney, and pancreas. Further analysis of mRNA expression showed that BMX is expressed in hematopoietic tissues and neutrophilic granulocytes, and in patients with acute and myeloid leukemia. The levels of BMX mRNA were substantially lower in patients with acute and chronic lymphoid leukemias, thus suggesting that BMX may be important during myelopoiesis.CST:It is expressed in a variety of hematopoietic, epithelial and endothelial cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BMX expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. The ligands of this receptor are BMPs, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. BMPs are involved in endochondral bone formation and embryogenesis. These proteins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes of two different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary pulmonary hypertension, both familial and fenfluramine-associated, and with pulmonary venoocclusive disease. (provided by RefSeq)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BMPR2 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. The ligands of this receptor are BMPs, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. BMPs are involved in endochondral bone formation and embryogenesis. These proteins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes of two different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary pulmonary hypertension, both familial and fenfluramine-associated, and with pulmonary venoocclusive disease. (provided by RefSeq)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BMPR2 expressed in E. Coli.
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors are a family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases that include the type I receptors BMPR1A and BMPR1B and the type II receptor BMPR2. These receptors are also closely related to the activin receptors, ACVR1 and ACVR2. The ligands of these receptors are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. TGF-betas and activins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes with 2 different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BMPR1A (AA: 179-378 ) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors.BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) belong to the TGF beta superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Members of this superfamily are widely represented throughout the animal kingdom and have been implicated in a variety of developmental processes. Proteins of the TGF beta superfamily are disulfide-linked dimers composed of two 12-15 kDa polypeptide chains. As implied by their name, BMPs initiate, promote and regulate bone development, growth, remodeling and repair. Smad1 translocation to the nucleus is observed after the addition of BMP4 (also designated BMP2B), suggesting that BMP4 may play a role in activation of the Smad pathway. BMP is secreted into the extracellular matrix.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BMP4 expressed in E. Coli.
Component of the Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. In the PRC1 complex, it is required to stimulate the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of RNF2/RING2.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BMI1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic linker or adaptor protein that plays a critical role in B cell development. This protein bridges B cell receptor-associated kinase activation with downstream signaling pathways, thereby affecting various biological functions. The phosphorylation of five tyrosine residues is necessary for this protein to nucleate distinct signaling effectors following B cell receptor activation. Mutations in this gene cause hypoglobulinemia and absent B cells, a disease in which the pro- to pre-B-cell transition is developmentally blocked. Deficiency in this protein has also been shown in some cases of pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BLNK expressed in E. Coli.
Blk is a Src family protein tyrosine kinase expressed in all stages of B cell development . Activation of B cells by various ligands is accompanied by activation of Blk . It has been suggested that Blk is involved in the control of B cell differentiation and proliferation . Blk transcripts have also been detected in human thymocytes, but not in mature T cells, implicating that Blk may play an important role in thymopoiesis . Blk function may be redundant, however, as mice that do not express Blk are not impaired with respect to B cell development and immune response .
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BLK expressed in E. Coli.
BLK ( B lymphoid tyrosine kinase), with 505-amino acid protein (about 56KDa), belongs to the Src non-receptor tyrosine kinases family.Different subcellular localizations of Src-family kinases may be important for the regulation of specific cellular processes such as mitogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and membrane trafficking.Blk is expressed exclusively by B lymphocytes and it is thought to function in a signal transductory pathway specific to this lineage. B lymphoid expression of an active Blk mutant caused proliferation of B progenitor cells and enhanced responsiveness of these cells to interleukin 7. Thus, sustained activation of Blk induces responses normally associated with the pre-BCR.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of BLK expressed in E. Coli.
BLK ( B lymphoid tyrosine kinase), with 505-amino acid protein (about 56KDa), belongs to the Src non-receptor tyrosine kinases family.Different subcellular localizations of Src-family kinases may be important for the regulation of specific cellular processes such as mitogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and membrane trafficking.Blk is expressed exclusively by B lymphocytes and it is thought to function in a signal transductory pathway specific to this lineage. B lymphoid expression of an active Blk mutant caused proliferation of B progenitor cells and enhanced responsiveness of these cells to interleukin 7. Thus, sustained activation of Blk induces responses normally associated with the pre-BCR.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of BLK expressed in E. Coli.
BLK ( B lymphoid tyrosine kinase), with 505-amino acid protein (about 56KDa), belongs to the Src non-receptor tyrosine kinases family.Different subcellular localizations of Src-family kinases may be important for the regulation of specific cellular processes such as mitogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and membrane trafficking.Blk is expressed exclusively by B lymphocytes and it is thought to function in a signal transductory pathway specific to this lineage. B lymphoid expression of an active Blk mutant caused proliferation of B progenitor cells and enhanced responsiveness of these cells to interleukin 7. Thus, sustained activation of Blk induces responses normally associated with the pre-BCR.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of BLK expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a death agonist that heterodimerizes with either agonist BAX or antagonist BCL2. The encoded protein is a member of the BCL-2 family of cell death regulators. It is a mediator of mitochondrial damage induced by caspase-8 (CASP8); CASP8 cleaves this encoded protein, and the COOH-terminal part translocates to mitochondria where it triggers cytochrome c release. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined.Tissue specificity: Isoform 2 and isoform 3 are expressed in spleen, bone marrow, cerebral and cerebellar cortex. Isoform 2 is expressed in spleen, pancreas and placenta (at protein level). Isoform 3 is expressed in lung, pancreas and spleen (at protein level). Isoform 4 is expressed in lung and pancreas (at protein level)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BID expressed in E. Coli.
BHMT: betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. This protein is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of betaine and homocysteine to dimethylglycine and methionine, respectively. Defects in this gene could lead to hyperhomocyst(e)inemia, but such a defect has not yet been observed.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of BHMT expressed in E. Coli.
Beta-actin (PS1TP5-binding protein 1), also known as ACTB, PS1TP5BP1. Entrez Protein NP_001092. It is one of six different actin proteins. Actin, a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein, is the major component of the cytoskeleton.Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility, structure, and integrity. Actin is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. This actin is a major constituent of the contractile apparatus and one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to amino-terminal residues of human beta-Actin, conjugated to KLH.
Beclin-1 participates in the regulation of autophagy and has an important role in development, tumorigenesis, and neurodegeneration (Zhong et al., 2009 (PubMed 19270693)).(supplied by OMIM) . Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BECN1 expressed in E. Coli.
BDH1 (3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1), it is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene family. This protien forms a homotetrameric lipid-requiring enzyme of the mitochondrial membrane and has a specific requirement for phosphatidylcholine for optimal enzymatic activity. It catalyzes the interconversion of acetoacetate and (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate, the two major ketone bodies produced during fatty acid catabolism.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BDH1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes an integral outer mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks the apoptotic death of some cells such as lymphocytes. Constitutive expression of BCL2, such as in the case of translocation of BCL2 to Ig heavy chain locus, is thought to be the cause of follicular lymphoma.Tissue specificity: Expressed in a variety of tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding BCL-2, conjugated to KLH.
Bcl-10 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10), also known as CLAP, Me10, CIPER, c-E10, CARMEN. Entrez Protein NP_003912. It is a protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). It plays an important role in apoptosis and activating NF-kappaB. The research suggested that it interacted with other CARD domain containing proteins including CARD9, 10, 11 and 14, which were thought to function as upstream regulators in NF-kappaB signaling. Bcl-10 is found to form a complex with MALT1 which encoded by another gene known to be translocated in MALT lymphoma. MALT1 and Bcl-10 are thought to synergize in the activation of NF-kappaB, and the deregulation of either of them may contribute to the same pathogenetic process that leads to the malignancy.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BCL-10 expressed in E. Coli.
AXL: AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, also known as UFO, JTK11. Entrez Protein NP_001690. It is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. Although it is similar to other receptor tyrosine kinases, this protein represents a unique structure of the extracellular region that juxtaposes IgL and FNIII repeats. It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factors like vitamin K-dependent protein growth-arrest-specific gene 6. It is involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation and can also mediate cell aggregation by homophilic binding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human AXL fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cell line.
AXL: AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. Although it is similar to other receptor tyrosine kinases, this protein represents a unique structure of the extracellular region that juxtaposes IgL and FNIII repeats. It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factors like vitamin K-dependent protein growth-arrest-specific gene 6. It is involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation and can also mediate cell aggregation by homophilic binding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of AXL(aa466-530) expressed in E. Coli.
AURKB (aurora kinase B, AIK2 or aurora-B), with 344-amino acid protein(about 39kDa),localizes to microtubules near kinetochores, specifically to the specialized microtubules called K-fibers. AURKB is a mitotic protein kinase, which phosphorylates histone H3 and regulates Chromosomal segregation during mitosis and meiosis.It may regulates several stages of mitosis such as centrosome separation, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.Component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly. ARK-2 transcripts arepresent at high levels in human thymus and fetal liver.ARK-2 protein levels are maximal during both S and G2/M phases
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of AURKB expressed in E. Coli.
Aurora A plays a role in cell cycle regulation during anaphase and/or telophase, in relation to the function of the centrosome/spindle pole region during chromosome segregation. Aurora A plays a key role during tumor development and progression and is overexpressed in many human cancers including breast, ovarian and colorectal. Aurora A is viewed as a potential target for anticancer drug treatment.Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in testis and weakly in skeletal muscle, thymus and spleen. Also highly expressed in colon, ovarian, prostate, neuroblastoma, breast and cervical cancer cell lines.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AURKA expressed in E. Coli.
Aurora A plays a role in cell cycle regulation during anaphase and/or telophase, in relation to the function of the centrosome/spindle pole region during chromosome segregation. Aurora A plays a key role during tumor development and progression and is overexpressed in many human cancers including breast, ovarian and colorectal. Aurora A is viewed as a potential target for anticancer drug treatment.Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in testis and weakly in skeletal muscle, thymus and spleen. Also highly expressed in colon, ovarian, prostate, neuroblastoma, breast and cervical cancer cell lines.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AURKA expressed in E. Coli.
The autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. Clinically, ADCA has been divided into three groups: ADCA types I-III. ADCAI is genetically heterogeneous, with five genetic loci, designated spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, being assigned to five different chromosomes. ADCAII, which always presents with retinal degeneration (SCA7), and ADCAIII often referred to as the `pure' cerebellar syndrome (SCA5), are most likely homogeneous disorders. Several SCA genes have been cloned and shown to contain CAG repeats in their coding regions. ADCA is caused by the expansion of the CAG repeats, producing an elongated polyglutamine tract in the corresponding protein. The expanded repeats are variable in size and unstable, usually increasing in size when transmitted to successive generations. The function of the ataxins is not known. This locus has been mapped to chromosome 6, and it has been determined that the diseased allele contains 41-81 CAG repeats, compared to 6-39 in the normal allele. At least two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.Tissue specificity: Widely expressed throughout the body.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATXN1 expressed in E. Coli.
ATP2C1, also known as PMR1, it belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases. This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of the calcium. The human homologue, ATP2C1 (also designated SPLA in rat), also regulates the transport of calcium in the Golgi complex and is related to other P-type ATPases family members, such as the sarco(endo)plasmic calcium ATPase (SERCA) and the plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PCMA). ATP2C1 is a transmembrane protein that exists as two splice variants, which vary by 20 amino acids. Defects in ATP2C1 cause Hailey-Hailey disease, which is an autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by blisters and erosions of the skin. These findings provide further evidence that PMR1 plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the epidermis by controlling intracellular calcium signaling.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ATP2C1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. This protein is an important cell cycle checkpoint kinase that phosphorylates; thus, it functions as a regulator of a wide variety of downstream proteins, including tumor suppressor proteins p53 and BRCA1, checkpoint kinase CHK2, checkpoint proteins RAD17 and RAD9, and DNA repair protein NBS1. This protein and the closely related kinase ATR are thought to be master controllers of cell cycle checkpoint signaling pathways that are required for cell response to DNA damage and for genome stability. Mutations in this gene are associated with ataxia telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive disorder.Tissue specificity: Found in pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle, liver, lung, placenta, brain, heart, spleen, thymus, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon and leukocytes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATM expressed in E. Coli.
CD14 antigen is a GPI-linked glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 55kD. The CD14 antigen is expressed on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage including monocytes, macrophages and Langerhans cells. Low expression is observed on neutrophils and on human B cells. CD14 antigen is a receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) and the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). LBP and CD14 antigen serves two physiological roles. These proteins act as opsonin and opsonic receptor, respectively, to promote the phagocytic uptake of bacteria or LPScoated particles by macrophages.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD14 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein. The protein localizes to membrane protrusions and is often expressed on adult stem cells, where it is thought to function in maintaining stem cell properties by suppressing differentiation. Mutations in this gene have been shown to result in retinitis pigmentosa and Stargardt disease. Expression of this gene is also associated with several types of cancer. This gene is expressed from at least five alternative promoters that are expressed in a tissue-dependent manner. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. The protein forms a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. The protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro; thus it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. Additional transcript variants have been identified but their biological validity has not been determined.Tissue specificity: Abundant expression seen in the brain.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATF2 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that forms a heterodimer with CLOCK. This complex binds an E-box upstream of the PER1 gene, activating this gene and possibly other circadian rhythym-associated genes. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ARNTL expressed in E. Coli.
AR: androgen receptor. The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Two alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of AR (aa689-919) expressed in E. Coli.
ApoO: apolipoprotein O, also known as MYO25, FAM121B, MGC4825. Entrez Protein NP_077027. It is a chrondroitin-sulfate chain containing member of the apolipoprotein family and is an original glycoprotein up-regulated by diabetes in human Heart. Promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells. Detected in HDL, LDL and VLDL. Secreted by a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP)-dependent mechanism, probably as a VLDL-associated protein that is subsequently transferred to HDL. May be involved in myocardium-protective mechanisms against lipid accumulation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ApoO expressed in E. Coli.
ApoM (apolipoprotein M, also designated G3a or NG20), with 188-amino acid protein(about 21kDa), is an apolipoprotein and member of the lipocalin protein family. The Apo-proteins are involved in the specific binding of cellular receptors, the regulation of lipolytic enzymes, and the process of lipid exchange. The encoded protein is secreted through the plasma membrane but remains membrane-bound, where it is involved in lipid transport. The N-terminal region of Apo-M contains hydrophobic residues that may promote association with the phospholipid layer of lipoprotein particles. In vitro, Apo-M is glycosylated when translated in the presence of microsomes, and remains associated with the microsomes after carbonate treatment. Apo-M is expressed in liver and kidney, and is secreted into the bloodstream in HDLs, and also found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDLs.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ApoM expressed in E. Coli.
ApoM (apolipoprotein M, also designated G3a or NG20), with 188-amino acid protein(about 21kDa), is an apolipoprotein and member of the lipocalin protein family. The Apo-proteins are involved in the specific binding of cellular receptors, the regulation of lipolytic enzymes, and the process of lipid exchange. The encoded protein is secreted through the plasma membrane but remains membrane-bound, where it is involved in lipid transport. The N-terminal region of Apo-M contains hydrophobic residues that may promote association with the phospholipid layer of lipoprotein particles. In vitro, Apo-M is glycosylated when translated in the presence of microsomes, and remains associated with the microsomes after carbonate treatment. Apo-M is expressed in liver and kidney, and is secreted into the bloodstream in HDLs, and also found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDLs.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ApoM expressed in E. Coli.
APOL1(apolipoprotein L, 1), also known as APOL, APO-L, APOL-I. Entrez Protein NP_001130012. It is a 395aa secreted high density lipoprotein which binds to apolipoprotein A-I. And is involved in the formation of most cholesteryl esters in plasma and also promotes efflux of cholesterol from cells. The apolipoprotein L gene family encodes six highly homologous proteins designated apoL-I to -VI. This apolipoprotein L family member may play a role in lipid exchange and transport throughout the body, as well as in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral cells to the liver. Several different transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of APOL1 expressed in E. Coli.
Chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver. Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. The APOE gene is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with APOC1 and APOC2. Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants. Tissue specificity: Occurs in all lipoprotein fractions in plasma. It constitutes 10-20% of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and 1-2% of high density lipoproteins (HDL). APOE is produced in most organs. Significant quantities are produced in liver, brain, spleen, lung, adrenal, ovary, kidney and muscle.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ApoE expressed in E. Coli.
This gene product is the main apolipoprotein of chylomicrons and low density lipoproteins. It occurs in plasma as two main isoforms, apoB-48 and apoB-100: the former is synthesized exclusively in the gut and the latter in the liver. The intestinal and the hepatic forms of apoB are encoded by a single gene from a single, very long mRNA. The two isoforms share a common N-terminal sequence. The shorter apoB-48 protein is produced after RNA editing of the apoB-100 transcript at residue 2180 (CAA->UAA), resulting in the creation of a stop codon, and early translation termination. Mutations in this gene or its regulatory region cause hypobetalipoproteinemia, normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia, and hypercholesterolemia due to ligand-defective apoB, diseases affecting plasma cholesterol and apoB levels.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ApoB expressed in E. Coli.
Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is fast gaining attention as a key regulator of serum triglyceride concentrations. An ApoA5 mouse knock-out model produced an approximately four fold increase in serum triglyc erides, whereas a knock-in model with human ApoA5 produced 5070% lower ; ; concentrations of mouse serum triglycerides. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-_ agonists, which are used clinically to lower serum triglyceride concentrations, cause increased ApoA5 mRNA expression. Recently, it was demonstrated that ApoA5 is present in human serum detected by polyclonal antibodies against both the NH2 and COOH termini, although at much lower concentration than other apolipoproteins.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APOA5 (AA: 180-363) expressed in E. Coli.
Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is fast gaining attention as a key regulator of serum triglyceride concentrations. An ApoA5 mouse knock-out model produced an approximately four fold increase in serum triglycerides, whereas a knock-in model with human ApoA5 produced 5070% lower ; concentrations of mouse serum triglycerides. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-_ agonists, which are used clinically to lower serum triglyceride concentrations, cause increased ApoA5 mRNA expression. Recently, it was demonstrated that ApoA5 is present in human serum detected by polyclonal antibodies against both the NH2 and COOH termini, although at much lower concentration than other apolipoproteins.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APOA5 (AA: 20-363) expressed in E. Coli.
Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is fast gaining attention as a key regulator of serum triglyceride concentrations. An ApoA5 mouse knock-out model produced an approximately four fold increase in serum triglycerides, whereas a knock-in model with human ApoA5 produced 5070% lower concentrations of mouse serum triglycerides. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- agonists, which are used clinically to lower serum triglyceride concentrations, cause increased ApoA5 mRNA expression. Despite these compelling molecular biology data, relatively little is known about ApoA5 protein in human serum. This antibody pair detected recombinant apoa5 protein in sandwich ELISA format and could be potential reagents for the development of clinical diagnostic kits.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Apoa5 expressed in E. Coli.
APOA4: apolipoprotein A-IV. Apoliprotein (apo) A-IV gene contains 3 exons separated by two introns. A sequence polymorphism has been identified in the 3'UTR of the third exon. The primary translation product is a 396-residue preprotein which after proteolytic processing is secreted its primary site of synthesis, the intestine, in association with chylomicron particles. Although its precise function is not known, apo A-IV is a potent activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in vitro.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of APOA4 (aa21-396) expressed in E. Coli.
APOA4: apolipoprotein A-IV. Apoliprotein (apo) A-IV gene contains 3 exons separated by two introns. A sequence polymorphism has been identified in the 3'UTR of the third exon. The primary translation product is a 396-residue preprotein which after proteolytic processing is secreted its primary site of synthesis, the intestine, in association with chylomicron particles. Although its precise function is not known, apo A-IV is a potent activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in vitro.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of APOA4 (aa21-396) expressed in E. Coli.
APOA1: apolipoprotein A-I, it is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. The protein promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion, and it is a cofactor for lecithin cholesterolacyltransferase (LCAT) which is responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. Defects in the Apolipoprotein A I gene are associated with HDL deficiency and Tangier disease. The therapeutic potential of apoA-I has been recently assessed in patients with acute coronary syndromes, using a recombinant form of a naturally occurring variant of apoA-I. The availability of recombinant normal apoA-I should facilitate further investigation into the potential usefulness of apoA-I in preventing atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APOA1 expressed in E. Coli.
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor which is activated by binding of either of the androgenic hormones testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus. The androgen receptor is most closely related to the progesterone receptor, and progestins in higher dosages can block the androgen receptor. The main function of the androgen receptor is as a DNA binding transcription factor which regulates gene expression; however, the androgen receptor has other functions as well. Androgen regulated genes are critical for the development and maintenance of the male sexual phenotype.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AR expressed in E. Coli.
There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2 while the tissue non-specific form is located on chromosome 1. The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme, also referred to as the heat stable form, that is expressed primarily in the placenta although it is closely related to the intestinal form of the enzyme as well as to the placental-like form. The coding sequence for this form of alkaline phosphatase is unique in that the 3' untranslated region contains multiple copies of an Alu family repeat. In addition, this gene is polymorphic and three common alleles (type 1, type 2 and type 3) for this form of alkaline phosphatase have been well characterized.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALPP expressed in E. Coli.
There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene encodes a digestive brush-border enzyme. This enzyme is upregulated during small intestinal epithelial cell differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALPI (AA: 397-458) expressed in E. Coli.
This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. Two major liver isoforms of aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic and mitochondrial, can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, kinetic properties, and subcellular localizations. Most Caucasians have two major isozymes, while approximately 50% of Orientals have the cytosolic isozyme but not the mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among Orientals than among Caucasians could be related to the absence of a catalytically active form of the mitochondrial isozyme. The increased exposure to acetaldehyde in individuals with the catalytically inactive form may also confer greater susceptibility to many types of cancer. This gene encodes a mitochondrial isoform, which has a low Km for acetaldehydes, and is localized in mitochondrial matrix. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDH2 (AA: 317-517) expressed in E. Coli.
ALDH1A1 is an aldehyde dehydrogenase able to oxidize a wide variety of aliphatic aldehydes (retinaldehyde, acetaldehyde, etc.) to the corresponding carboxylic acids (retinoic acid, acetic acid, etc.). ALDH1A1 (also known as RALDH1, ALDH1, or AHD2) is highly expressed in the dorsal retina, ventral midbrain (dopaminergic neurons), and hematopoietic stem cells. ALDH1A1 is involved in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis during vertebrate embryogenesis. ALDH1A1 is first detected at E9.0-E10.5 in cranial tissues (ventral mesencephalon, dorsal retina, thymic primordia, optic vesicles) and in the mesonephros. ALDH1A1 is also of interest in Parkinson's Disease (PD) being expressed in the the A9 dopaminergic (DA) neuronal group projecting to the dorsal striatum; this is the most vulnerable site in PD (Chung et al, 2005). ALDH1A1 protein is a known mesencephalic dopaminergic marker. ALDH1A1 is a cytosolic enzyme that preferentially oxidizes retinaldehyde to retinoic acid .ALDH1A1 is expressed in the epithelium of many organs, including brain, liver, testis, eye lens and cornea .ALDH1A1 is highly expressed in brain dopaminergic neurons, where it produces the retinoic acid required for their differentiation and development .The retinoic acid produced by ALDH1A1 is also important for the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDH1A1 expressed in E. Coli.
ALCAM(CD166): Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule.CD166 is a member of the Ig superfamily and is expressed on activated T-cells, B cells and other cells including thymic epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and neurons. CD6 has been identified as a receptor for CD166.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ALCAM (aa405-524) expressed in E. Coli.
ALCAM(CD166): Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule.CD166 is a member of the Ig superfamily and is expressed on activated T-cells, B cells and other cells including thymic epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and neurons. CD6 has been identified as a receptor for CD166.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ALCAM (aa405-524) expressed in E. Coli.
Akt3 (also designated protein kinase B gamma or v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3),with 479-amino acid protein (about 53kDa), belongs to the AKT serine/threonine protein kinase family, which also includes Akt1 and Akt2. AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake.Akt3 is not required for the maintenance of normal carbohydrate metabolism but is essential for the attainment of normal organ size. Identifying Akt3 as a selective target in melanoma cells also provides new therapeutic opportunities for patients in the advanced stages of this disease.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Akt3 expressed in E. Coli.
Akt2 (also designated protein kinase B beta or v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 ), with 481-amino acid protein (about 53kDa), belongs to the AKT serine/threonine protein kinase family, which also includes Akt1 and Akt3. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake. Among the members of AKT family, Akt2 is associated with the development of human cancers. Akt2 inhibits cisplatin-induced JNK/p38 and Bax activation through phosphorylation of ASK1 and thus, plays an important role in chemoresistance. Further, Akt2 plays a specific role in muscle differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT2 expressed in E. Coli.
The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a flavoprotein essential for nuclear disassembly in apoptotic cells, and it is found in the mitochondrial intermembrane space in healthy cells. Induction of apoptosis results in the translocation of this protein to the nucleus where it affects chromosome condensation and fragmentation. In addition, this gene product induces mitochondria to release the apoptogenic proteins cytochrome c and caspase-9. Mutations in this gene cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6, which results in a severe mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 10
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AIF expressed in E. Coli.
The poly Q polymorphism in AIB1 (amplified in breast cancer) gene is usually assessed by fragment length analysis which does not reveal the actual sequence variation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sequence variation of poly Q encoding region in breast cancer cell lines at single molecule level, and to determine if the sequence variation is related to AIB1 gene amplification.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AIB1 expressed in E. Coli.
AGT, pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor, is expressed in the liver and is cleaved by the enzyme renin in response to lowered blood pressure. The resulting product, angiotensin I, is then cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to generate the physiologically active enzyme angiotensin II. The protein is involved in maintaining blood pressure and in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and preeclampsia. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension, and can cause renal tubular dysgenesis, a severe disorder of renal tubular development. Defects in this gene have also been associated with non-familial structural atrial fibrillation, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AGT expressed in E. Coli.
AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), a major plasma protein produced by the yolk sac and the liver during fetal life. Alpha-fetoprotein expression in adults is often associated with hepatoma or teratoma. However, hereditary persistance of alpha-fetoprotein may also be found in individuals with no obvious pathology. The protein is thought to be the fetal counterpart of serum albumin, and the alpha-fetoprotein and albumin genes are present in tandem in the same transcriptional orientation on chromosome 4. Alpha-fetoprotein is found in monomeric as well as dimeric and trimeric forms, and binds copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubin. The level of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid is used to measure renal loss of protein to screen for spina bifida and anencephaly.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AFP expressed in E. Coli.
Brutons tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases.All members of the family contain SH3 and SH2 domains and, with the exception of Txk and Dsrc28C, also contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) and a Tec homology (TH) domain in their amino termini.BTK plays an important role in B cell development. Activation of B cells by various ligands is accompanied by BTK membrane translocation mediated by its PH domain binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate. The membrane located BTK is active and associated with transient phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues, Tyr551 and Tyr223. Tyr551 in the activation loop is transphosphorylated by the Src family tyrosine kinase, leading to autophosphorylation at Tyr223 within the SH3 domain, which is necessary for full activation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of BTK expressed in E. Coli.
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used in variety of laboratories products which contain BSA as a stabilizer. BSA could be detected for the indication of remains of chemical derivates from animal products. This antibody is a good reagent that may be used for the development of detection assay in ELISA or western blot to test the remaning BSA for clinical products in Vivo or research products In Vitro.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actins being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. This actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle. Defects in this gene cause aortic aneurysm familial thoracic type 6. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.
ABL2(ARG, Abelson-related gene) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase which is closely related to but distinct from ABL1. The similarity of the proteins includes the tyrosine kinase domains and extends amino-terminal to include the SH2 and SH3 domains. ABL2 is expressed in both normal and tumor cells. The ABL2 gene product is expressed as two variants bearing different amino termini, both approximately 12-kb in length. c-Abl shows both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization,c-Abl is involved in two different chromosomal translocations present in human leukemias, which generate Bcr-Abl and TEL-Abl.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ABL2 expressed in E. Coli.
ABL2 (ARG, Abl-related gene), together with c-Abl, forms the Abl family of mammalian non-receptor tyrosine kinases. ABL2 and c-Abl share 89%, 90 and 93% identity in their SH3, SH2 and tyrosine domain, but only 29% identity in the carboxy-terminal half. The human c-Abl and ABL2 genes are expressed ubiquitously. ABL2 had been detected predominantly in the cytoplasm, whereas c-Abl shows both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. c-Abl is involved in two different chromosomal translocations present in human leukemias, which generate Bcr-Abl and TEL-Abl. Recently, TEL-ARG fusion transcripts have also been identified in acute myeloid leukemias (AML). The Abl family kinases may also interact with receptor tyrosine signaling pathways and regulate cellular function such as cell cycle progression, gene transcription and organization of the actin cytoskeletons in neurons.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ABL2 expressed in E. Coli.
ABL1: c-abl oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase. The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Activity of c-Abl protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR (MIM:151410) and ABL1 genes present in many cases of chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2-11.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ABL1 (aa577-650) expressed in E. Coli.
The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is included in the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. Alternatively referred to as a breast cancer resistance protein, this protein functions as a xenobiotic transporter which may play a major role in multi-drug resistance. It likely serves as a cellular defense mechanism in response to mitoxantrone and anthracycline exposure. Significant expression of this protein has been observed in the placenta, which may suggest a potential role for this molecule in placenta tissue.Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in placenta. Low expression in small intestine, liver and colon.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCG2 expressed in E. Coli.
The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is included in the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. Alternatively referred to as a breast cancer resistance protein, this protein functions as a xenobiotic transporter which may play a major role in multi-drug resistance. It likely serves as a cellular defense mechanism in response to mitoxantrone and anthracycline exposure. Significant expression of this protein has been observed in the placenta, which may suggest a potential role for this molecule in placenta tissue.Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in placenta. Low expression in small intestine, liver and colon.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCG2 expressed in E. Coli.
AAT, also known as SERPINA1; serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1. It is secreted and is a serine protease inhibitor whose targets include elastase, plasmin, thrombin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasminogen activator. Severe Serpin A1 deficiency leads to several clinical complications such as pulmonary emphysema, juvenile hepatisis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AAT expressed in E. Coli.
A1BG is a plasma glycoprotein of unknown function. It shows sequence similarity to the variable regions of some immunoglobulin supergene family member proteins.A1BG was recently shown to bind cysteine rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP 3) with high affinity, and it has been suggested that A1BG protects against the potentially toxic effects of CRISP 3 in the circulation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human A1BG expressed in E. Coli.
4E-BP1(eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 4E Binding Protein 1),also called ELF4EBP1/BP-1/PHAS-I ,which is located on chromosome 8p12, with 118-amino acid protein (about 13kDa). Binding of eIF4EBP1 to eIF4E is reversible and is dependent on the phosphorylation status of eIF4EBP1. Non phosphorylated eIF4EBP1 will bind strongly to eIF4E while(24kDa), the phosphorylated form will not. Akt, TOR, MAP kinase, S6 kinase, and Cdc2 are known kinases capable of inactivating eIF4EBP1 binding to eIF4E by phosphorylating either threonines 35, 45, 69 or serine 64. Although, not all phosphorylation events equally block the eIF4EBP1-eIF4E interaction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of 4E-BP1 expressed in E. Coli.
4E-BP1(eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 4E Binding Protein 1),also called ELF4EBP1/BP-1/PHAS-I ,which is located on chromosome 8p12, with 118-amino acid protein (about 13kDa). Binding of eIF4EBP1 to eIF4E is reversible and is dependent on the phosphorylation status of eIF4EBP1. Non phosphorylated eIF4EBP1 will bind strongly to eIF4E while(24kDa), the phosphorylated form will not. Akt, TOR, MAP kinase, S6 kinase, and Cdc2 are known kinases capable of inactivating eIF4EBP1 binding to eIF4E by phosphorylating either threonines 35, 45, 69 or serine 64. Although, not all phosphorylation events equally block the eIF4EBP1-eIF4E interaction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of 4EBP1 expressed in E. Coli.
4E-BP1(eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 4E Binding Protein 1),also called ELF4EBP1/BP-1/PHAS-I ,which is located on chromosome 8p12, with 118-amino acid protein (about 13kDa). Binding of eIF4EBP1 to eIF4E is reversible and is dependent on the phosphorylation status of eIF4EBP1. Non phosphorylated eIF4EBP1 will bind strongly to eIF4E while(24kDa), the phosphorylated form will not. Akt, TOR, MAP kinase, S6 kinase, and Cdc2 are known kinases capable of inactivating eIF4EBP1 binding to eIF4E by phosphorylating either threonines 35, 45, 69 or serine 64. Although, not all phosphorylation events equally block the eIF4EBP1-eIF4E interaction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of 4EBP1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates MHC class II genes by binding to a promoter element referred to as an X box. This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. It may increase expression of viral proteins by acting as the DNA binding partner of a viral transactivator. It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). The resulting loss of 26 nt from the spliced mRNA causes a frame-shift and an isoform XBP1(S), which is the functionally active transcription factor. The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. A pseudogene of XBP1 has been identified and localized to chromosome 5.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human XBP1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is the 80-kilodalton subunit of the Ku heterodimer protein which is also known as ATP-dependant DNA helicase II or DNA repair protein XRCC5. Ku is the DNA-binding component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase, and it functions together with the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex in the repair of DNA double-strand break by non-homologous end joining and the completion of V(D)J recombination events. This gene functionally complements Chinese hamster xrs-6, a mutant defective in DNA double-strand break repair and in ability to undergo V(D)J recombination. A rare microsatellite polymorphism in this gene is associated with cancer in patients of varying radiosensitivity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human XRCC5 expressed in E. Coli.
YES1, v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncogene homolog 1. This gene is the cellular homolog of the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene. The encoded protein has tyrosine kinase activity and belongs to the src family of proteins. This gene lies in close proximity to thymidylate synthase gene on chromosome 18, and a corresponding pseudogene has been found on chromosome 22.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of YES (aa10-193) expressed in E. Coli.
ZAP70 (zeta-chain associated protein kinase), a 70 kDa member of the SYK tyrosine kinase family, plays a central role in lymphocyte activation and development, and is implicated in several immune disorders. ZAP70 controls TCR(T-cell antigen receptor)-linked signal transduction pathways. Its key role in thymocytes development and mature T lymphocytes activation has been illustrated by the characterization of several human immunodeficiencies presenting with mutations in the ZAP70 gene. ZAP70 is also expressed in several types of B-cell neoplasm and is easily detected by immunohistochemistry, providing a useful prognostic marker in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ZAP70 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the Krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family and encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that contains nine Kruppel-type zinc finger domains at the carboxyl terminus. This protein is located in the nucleus, is involved in cell cycle progression, and interacts with a histone deacetylase. Specific instances of aberrant gene rearrangement at this locus have been associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. Tissue specificity: Within the hematopoietic system, PLZF is expressed in bone marrow, early myeloid cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Also expressed in the ovary, and at lower levels, in the kidney and lung.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ZBTB16 expressed in E. Coli.
ZBTB7B is a transcription regulator that acts as a key regulator of lineage commitment of immature T-cell precursors. It is necessary and sufficient for commitment of CD4 lineage, while its absence causes CD8 commitment. Development of immature T-cell precursors (thymocytes) to either the CD4 helper or CD8 killer T-cell lineages correlates precisely with their T-cell receptor specificity for major histocompatibility complex class II or class I molecules, respectively. ZBTB7B is a transcriptional repressor of the collagen COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes. It may also function as a repressor of fibronectin and possibly other extracellular matrix genes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ZBTB7B expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pentaxin family. It is involved in several host defense related functions based on its ability to recognize foreign pathogens and damaged cells of the host and to initiate their elimination by interacting with humoral and cellular effector systems in the blood. Consequently, the level of this protein in plasma increases greatly during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection, or other inflammatory stimuli.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CRP expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a protein kinase containing SH2 and SH3 (src homology) domains which has been shown to activate the RAS and JUN kinase signaling pathways and transform fibroblasts in a RAS-dependent fashion. It is a substrate of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, plays a role in fibroblast transformation by BCR-ABL, and may be oncogenic.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CRKL expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of an adapter protein family that binds to several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. The product of this gene has several SH2 and SH3 domains (src-homology domains) and is involved in several signaling pathways, recruiting cytoplasmic proteins in the vicinity of tyrosine kinase through SH2-phosphotyrosine interaction. The N-terminal SH2 domain of this protein functions as a positive regulator of transformation whereas the C-terminal SH3 domain functions as a negative regulator of transformation. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms with distinct biological activity have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CRK expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of an adapter protein family that binds to several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. The product of this gene has several SH2 and SH3 domains (src-homology domains) and is involved in several signaling pathways, recruiting cytoplasmic proteins in the vicinity of tyrosine kinase through SH2-phosphotyrosine interaction. The N-terminal SH2 domain of this protein functions as a positive regulator of transformation whereas the C-terminal SH3 domain functions as a negative regulator of transformation. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms with distinct biological activity have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CRK expressed in E. Coli.
The REL gene encodes c-Rel, a transcription factor that is a member of the Rel/NFKB family, which also includes RELA (MIM 164014), RELB (604758), NFKB1 (MIM 164011), and NFKB2 (MIM 164012). These proteins are related through a highly conserved N-terminal region termed the 'Rel domain,' which is responsible for DNA binding, dimerization, nuclear localization, and binding to the NFKB inhibitor.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human c-Rel expressed in E. Coli.
CD45, also known as TPRC(protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C). The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus belongs to receptor type PTP. This gene is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. This PTP has been shown to be an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling. It functions through either direct interaction with components of the antigen receptor complexes, or by activating various Src family kinases required for the antigen receptor signaling. This PTP also suppresses JAK kinases, and thus functions as a regulator of cytokine receptor signaling. Four alternatively spliced transcripts variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CD45 expressed in E. Coli.
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) functions as the terminal oxidase of the respiratory chain that uses cytochrome c as an electron donor to drive a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mammalian COX apoenzyme is a heteromer consisting of three mitochondrial encoded catalytic subunits and several nuclear gene encoded structural subunits. COX contains two iron-coordination sites and two copper-coordination sites. Cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX4) is a nuclear-encoded subunit of COX that may play a role in regulating COX activity. COX4 is expressed ubiquitously in adult human tissue with the strongest levels of expression in the pancreas and moderate expression levels in heart, skeletal muscle and placenta.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human COX4I1 expressed in E. Coli.
DDR1: discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a key role in the communication of cells with their microenvironment. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and metabolism. The protein encoded by this gene is a RTK that is widely expressed in normal and transformed epithelial cells and is activated by various types of collagen. This protein belongs to a subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors with a homology region to the Dictyostelium discoideum protein discoidin I in their extracellular domain. Its autophosphorylation is achieved by all collagens so far tested (type I to type VI). In situ studies and Northern-blot analysis showed that expression of this encoded protein is restricted to epithelial cells, particularly in the kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and brain. In addition, this protein is significantly over-expressed in several human tumors from breast, ovarian, esophageal, and pediatric brain. This gene is located on chromosome 6p21.3 in proximity to several HLA class I genes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of DDR1 (aa602-681) expressed in E. Coli.
CK7 (Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT7 gene. CK7 is a member of the keratin family. It is specifically expressed in the simple epithelia lining the cavities of the internal organs and in the gland ducts and blood vessels. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the simple epithelia lining the cavities of the internal organs and in the gland ducts and blood vessels. The genes encoding the type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. Alternative splicing may result in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CK7 expressed in E. Coli.
C-kit (CD117, 145kDa) functions as a tyrosine kinase receptor which becomes activated upon binding of its ligand SCF (stem-cell factor), the C-kit gene encodes the human homolog of the proto-oncogene c-kit. which was first identified as the cellular homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit. KIT is a type 3 transmembrane receptor for MGF (mast cell growth factor). Mutations in KIT are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mast cell disease, acute myelogenous lukemia, and piebaldism.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of C-kit expressed in E. Coli.
eIF4E, a protein modulates translation of maternal mRNAs in early embryos before the onset of zygotic transcription. eIF4E also influences the overall rate of translation. eIF4E binds to the 7 methyl GTP cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs. Phosphorylation of eIF4E on serine 209 regulates the affinity of this protein for the 7 methyl GTP cap and/or RNA. Phosphorylation also enhances the interaction of eIF4E with eIF4G, which form a complex known as eIF4F. eIF4E phosphorylation is correlated with increased translational rate in a number of cell types. Several kinases are currently being investigated as potential regulators of eIF4E including PKC and/or the MAP kinase activated Mnk.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human EIF4E expressed in E. Coli.
ESR1: estrogen receptor 1. This gene encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants, which differ in their 5' UTRs and use different promoters.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ESR1 (aa301-595) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. Polymorphisms within the encoded protein have been associated with circadian rhythm sleep disorders. A similar protein in mice is a circadian regulator that acts as a transcription factor and forms a heterodimer with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like to activate transcription of mouse period 1.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CLOCK expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2 (EIF2), leading to its inactivation, and thus to a rapid reduction of translational initiation and repression of global protein synthesis. It is a type I membrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it is induced by ER stress caused by malfolded proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human EIF2AK3 expressed in E. Coli.
Dynactin 4 could have a dual role in dynein targeting and in ACTR1A/Arp1 subunit of dynactin pointed-end capping. Could be involved in ACTR1A pointed-end binding and in additional roles in linking dynein and dynactin to the cortical cytoskeleton.The dynactin complex binds cargo, such as vesicles and organelles, to cytoplasmic dynein for retrograde microtubule-mediated trafficking and could feasibly be involved in the copper-regulated trafficking of ATP7B. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human DCTN4 (AA: 57-298) expressed in E. Coli.
Clenbuterol belongs to the group of agonists. In livestock production clenbuterol improves the meat/fat ratio in fattened animals or accelerate the growth. Up to now agonists have not been authorized as adjuvants for fattening. In addition to its lipolytic and anabolic effect, clenbuterol has a relaxing effect on non-striated musculature on which is based its therapeutic use as an antiasthmatic and a tocolytic agent. When employed as a fattening adjuvant, as compared with the therapeutic use, clenbuterol is administered in a 5 to 10 times higher dose. Therefore, it is possible that clenbuterol residues may lead to a risk for consumers after illegal administration.Using the clenbuterol monocalantibody, it is possible to detect clenbuterol and other agonists in urine, muscle and liver both rapidly and with accuracy.
The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human EGFR mutant (AA: 693-893) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the EGR family of C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins. It is a nuclear protein and functions as a transcriptional regulator. The products of target genes it activates are required for differentitation and mitogenesis. Studies suggest this is a cancer suppresor gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human EGR1(aa282-433) expressed in E. Coli.
EhpB1: EPH receptor B1. It is a receptor for ephrin-B family members. Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, medate numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphB1 (aa19-133) expressed in E. Coli.
Casein kinase II (CK2) is a constitutively active, ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that is thought to have a regulatory function in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. CK2 functions as a tetrameric complex consisting of two regulatory beta-subunits and two catalytic units (alpha and alpha') in a homomeric or heteromeric conformation. Whilst the alpha- and alpha'-subunits are catalytically identical, proteins that regulate CK2, such as cdc2 and Hsp90, preferentially bind to the alpha and not the alpha'-subunit. CK2 can phosphorylate a number of key intracellular signaling proteins implicated in tumor suppression (p53 and PTEN) and tumorigenesis (myc, jun, NF-kappaB). CK2 is also thought to influence Wnt signaling via beta-catenin phosphorylation and the PI 3-K signaling pathway via the phosphorylation of Akt.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CSNK2A2 (AA: 194-350) expressed in E. Coli.
Carboxy-terminal Src kinase (Csk) is a ubiquitously expressed nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that negatively regulates the Src family kinases (SFK) by phosphorylation of the SFK carboxy-terminal tyrosine. Phosphorylated carboxy-terminal tyrosine binds to the SH2 domain of SFK intramolecularly and leads to folding and inactivation of the SFK . This Csk-catalyzed SFK tyrosine phosphorylation is highly specific and exclusive. The SFK carboxy-terminal tyrosine is the only known physiological substrate of Csk .Tissue specificity: Expressed in lung and macrophages.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CSK expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer. This gene has been localized to a cluster of related genes at chromosome region 5q31, which is known to be associated with interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. Other genes in the cluster include those encoding interleukins 4, 5, and 13.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CSF2 (aa18-144) expressed in E. Coli.
Dynamin-1 (Dyn1), with 864-amino acid protein (about 95kDa), belongs to the dynamin family. Dynamin-1 (neuron-specific), dynamin-2 (ubiquitously expressed), and dynamin-3 (expressed only in the testis, brain, and lung), constitute the dynamin family. Members of the dynamin family are GPTase, microtubule-associated proteins which are involved in endocytosis, synaptic transmission and neurogenesis. Dynamin-1 is phosphorylated in nerve terminals exclusively in the cytosolic compartment and in vitro by protein kinase C. Dynamin-1 is a large GTPase enzyme required in membrane constriction and fission during multiple forms of endocytosis. Dynamin-1 is also a key molecule required for the recycling of synaptic vesicles in neurons, and it has been known that dynamin-1 gene expression is induced during neuronal differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Dynamin-1 expressed in E. Coli.
CSF1, also known as MCSF, is a four-?-helicalbundle cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of macrophages. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a disulfide-linked homodimer, and is thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound precursors. This protein may be involved in development of the placenta.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CSF1 expressed in E. Coli.
Crystallin, alpha B. Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (sHSP also known as the HSP20) family. They act as molecular chaperones although they do not renature proteins and release them in the fashion of a true chaperone; instead they hold them in large soluble aggregates. Post-translational modifications decrease the ability to chaperone. These heterogeneous aggregates consist of 30-40 subunits; the alpha-A and alpha-B subunits have a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Two additional functions of alpha crystallins are an autokinase activity and participation in the intracellular architecture. Alpha-A and alpha-B gene products are differentially expressed; alpha-A is preferentially restricted to the lens and alpha-B is expressed widely in many tissues and organs. Elevated expression of alpha-B crystallin occurs in many neurological diseases; a missense mutation cosegregated in a family with a desmin-related myopathy.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CRYAB (aa1-175) expressed in E. Coli.
Transcriptional coactivator for CREB1 which activates transcription through both consensus and variant cAMP response element (CRE) sites. Acts as a coactivator, in the SIK/TORC signaling pathway, being active when dephosphorylated and acts independently of CREB1 'Ser-133' phosphorylation. Enhances the interaction of CREB1 with TAF4. Regulates the expression of specific CREB-activated genes such as the steroidogenic gene, StAR. Potent coactivator of PPARGC1A and inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells. Also coactivator for TAX activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) long terminal repeats (LTR) .Tissue specificity: Predominantly expressed in B and T lymphocytes. Highest levels in lung. Also expressed in brain, colon, heart, kidney, ovary, and prostate. Weak expression in liver, pancreas, muscle, small intestine, spleen and stomach.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CRTC3 expressed in E. Coli.
Glucose homeostasis is regulated by hormones and cellular energy status. Elevations of blood glucose during feeding stimulate insulin release from pancreatic ?-cells through a glucose sensing pathway. Feeding also stimulates release of gut hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which further induces insulin release, inhibits glucagon release and promotes ?-cell viability. CREB-dependent transcription likely plays a role in both glucose sensing and GLP-1 signaling . The protein Torc2 (transducer of regulated CREB activity 2) functions as a CREB co-activator and is implicated in mediating the effects of these two pathways . In quiescent cells, Torc2 is phosphorylated at Ser171 and becomes sequestered in the cytoplasm via an interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Glucose and gut hormones lead to the dephosphorylation of Torc2 and its dissociation from 14-3-3 proteins. Dephosphorylated Torc2 enters the nucleus to promote CREB-dependent transcription. Torc2 plays a key role in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic gene transcription in response to hormonal and energy signals during fasting.Tissue specificity: Most abundantly expressed in the thymus. Present in both B and T lymphocytes. Highly expressed in HEK293T cells and in insulinomas. High levels also in spleen, ovary, muscle and lung, with highest levels in muscle. Lower levels found in brain, colon, heart, kidney, prostate, small intestine and stomach. Weak expression in liver and pancreas .
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CRTC2 expressed in E. Coli.
MECT1 (also known as MucoEpidermoid Carcinoma Translocated 1) functions as a transcriptional coactivator for CREB1, which activates transcription through both consensus and variant cAMP response element (CRE) sites. MECT1 does not appear to modulate CREB1 DNA-binding activity but enhances the interaction of CREB1 with TAF4/TAFII-130. MECT1 translocates with MAML2 (MasterMind-Like Protein 2) to yield a fusion oncogene: t(11;19) (q21;p13). This translocation occurs in mucoepidermoid carcinomas, benign Warthin tumors and clear cell hidradenomas. The novel fusion product that results disrupts the Notch signaling pathway. The fusion protein consists of the N-terminus of MECT1 joined to the C-terminus of MAML2. The reciprocal fusion protein consisting of the N-terminus of MAML2 joined to the C-terminus of MECT1 has been detected in a small number of mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Multiple isoforms have been reported for the MECT1 protein. Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in adult and fetal brain. Located to specific regions such as the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Very low expression in other tissues such as heart, spleen, lung, skeletal muscle, salivary gland, ovary and kidney.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CRTC1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Tetraspanins are cell surface glycoproteins with four transmembrane domains that form multimeric complexes with other cell surface proteins. The encoded protein functions in many cellular processes including differentiation, adhesion, and signal transduction, and expression of this gene plays a critical role in the suppression of cancer cell motility and metastasis.
CK5 (keratin 5) is a member of the keratin gene family. Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. At least one member of the acidic family and one member of the basic family is expressed in all epithelial cells. Cytokeratin 5 is expressed in normal basal cells. Mutations of the Cytokeratin5 gene (KRT5) have been shown to result in the autosomal dominant disorderepidermolysis bullosa (EB). Defects in KRT5 are a cause of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CK5 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein and type I membrane protein that was originally identified as a myeloid cell-specific marker. The encoded protein was once thought to be a receptor for C1q, but now is thought to instead be involved in intercellular adhesion and in the clearance of apoptotic cells. The intracellular cytoplasmic tail of this protein has been found to interact with moesin, a protein known to play a role in linking transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and in the remodelling of the cytoskeleton. ; ; ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD93 (AA: 474-535) expressed in E. Coli.
Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic activity and secrete cytokines upon immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including members of the NKG2 family, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. KLRD1 (CD94) is an antigen preferentially expressed on NK cells and is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. Plays a role as a receptor for the recognition of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by NK cells and some cytotoxic T-cells. Tissue specificity: Natural killer cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD94 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen and is a member of a family that includes at least two type I membrane proteins. This antigen is expressed on most normal epithelial cells and gastrointestinal carcinomas and functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule. The antigen is being used as a target for immunotherapy treatment of human carcinomas. Mutations in this gene result in congenital tufting enteropathy.Tissue specificity: This protein is expressed in almost all epithelial cell membranes but not on mesodermal or neural cell membranes. Found on the surface of adenocarcinomas.ABCAM:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is a 40 kDa cell surface antigen. This antigen has been identified independently by a number of groups, and has been known by a variety of names. Several monoclonal antibodies have been raised against EpCAM, many of which have been described as tumour specific molecules on carcinomas. EpCAM is a Type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein. It is expressed on the basolateral membrane of cells by the majority of epithelial tissues, with the exception of adult squamous epithelium and some specific epithelial cell types including hepatocytes and gastric epithelial cells. EpCAM expression has been reported to be a possible marker of early malignancy, with expression being increased in tumour cells, and de novo expression being seen in dysplastic squamous epithelium.BIOLEGEND:This cell surface, glycosyl;ated 40kD protein is highly expressed in the bone marrow, colon, lung, and most normal epithelial cells and is expressed on carcinomas of gastrointestinal origin.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human EPCAM expressed in E. Coli.
EhpB6: EPH receptor B6. Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. The ephrin receptor encoded by this gene lacks the kinase activity of most receptor tyrosine kinases and binds to ephrin-B ligands.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphB6 (aa601-750) expressed in E. Coli.
EP300: E1A binding protein p300. This gene encodes the adenovirus E1A-associated cellular p300 transcriptional co-activator protein. It functions as histone acetyltransferase that regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling and is important in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. It mediates cAMP-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB protein. This gene has also been identified as a co-activator of HIF1A (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha), and thus plays a role in the stimulation of hypoxia-induced genes such as VEGF. Defects in this gene are a cause of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and may also play a role in epithelial cancer.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EP300 expressed in E. Coli.
Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), also known as NOS3, it is an important enzyme in the cardiovascular system. It is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthases. Variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to coronary spasm.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human eNOS expressed in E. Coli.
Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic activity and secrete cytokines upon immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including members of the NKG2 family, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. KLRD1 (CD94) is an antigen preferentially expressed on NK cells and is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. Plays a role as a receptor for the recognition of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by NK cells and some cytotoxic T-cells. Tissue specificity: Natural killer cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD94 expressed in E. Coli.
Cytokeratin 5, also known as CK5, KRT5. It is a member of the keratin gene family. Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. At least one member of the acidic family and one member of the basic family is expressed in all epithelial cells. Cytokeratin 5 is expressed in normal basal cells. Mutations of the Cytokeratin5 gene (KRT5) have been shown to result in the autosomal dominant disorderepidermolysis bullosa (EB). Defects in KRT5 are a cause of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Cytokeratin 5 expressed in E. Coli.
Cytokeratin 8, also known as CK8, KRT8, K8. Entrez Protein NP_002264. It is a member of the type II keratin family.Type I and type II keratins heteropolymerize to form intermediate-sized filaments in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells.It typically dimerizes with keratin 18 to form an intermediate filament in simple single-layered epithelial cells. This protein plays a role in maintaining cellular structural integrity and also functions in signal transduction and cellular differentiation. Mutations in this gene cause cryptogenic cirrhosis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Cytokeratin (aa391-483) expressed in E. Coli.
Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. Cytokeratins comprise a diverse group of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) that are expressed as pairs in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization and function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. Cytokeratins have been found to be useful markers of tissue differentiation which is directly applicable to the characterization of malignant tumors.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Cytokeratin 5 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is the ER to nucleus signalling 1 protein, a human homologue of the yeast Ire1 gene product. This protein possesses intrinsic kinase activity and an endoribonuclease activity and it is important in altering gene expression as a response to endoplasmic reticulum-based stress signals.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ERN1(aa282-433) expressed in E. Coli.
ESR1: estrogen receptor 1. This gene encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants, which differ in their 5' UTRs and use different promoters.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa(SLQKYYITGEAEGFPATVc) of human ESR1, conjugated to KLH.
The transcription factor ELK1 is a family of member of ETS oncogene family and of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily,which is located on chromosome Xp11.2 and stimulates transcription. binds to purine-rich DNA sequences. Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the the serum response factor and the serum reponse element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear target for the ras-raf-MAPK signaling cascade. Elk1 is phosphorylated by MAP kinase pathways at a cluster of S/T motifs at its C terminus,It appears to be a direct target of activated MAP kinase. Biochemical studies indicate that Elk1 is a good substrate for MAP kinase, the kinetics of Elk1phosphorylation and activation correlate with MAP kinase activity, and interfering mutants of MAP kinase block Elk1 activation in vivo. More recent studies have shown that Elk1 is also a target of the Stress Activated Kinase SAPK/JNK. Phosphorylation of Elk1 has also been implicated in synaptic plasticity in the adult hippocampus.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ELK1 expressed in E. Coli.
The transcription factor ELK1 is a family of member of ETS oncogene family and of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily,which is located on chromosome Xp11.2 and stimulates transcription. binds to purine-rich DNA sequences. Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the the serum response factor and the serum reponse element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear target for the ras-raf-MAPK signaling cascade. Elk1 is phosphorylated by MAP kinase pathways at a cluster of S/T motifs at its C terminus,It appears to be a direct target of activated MAP kinase. Biochemical studies indicate that Elk1 is a good substrate for MAP kinase, the kinetics of Elk1phosphorylation and activation correlate with MAP kinase activity, and interfering mutants of MAP kinase block Elk1 activation in vivo. More recent studies have shown that Elk1 is also a target of the Stress Activated Kinase SAPK/JNK. Phosphorylation of Elk1 has also been implicated in synaptic plasticity in the adult hippocampus.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ELK1 expressed in E. Coli.
The cell division control protein cdc2, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) or p34/cdk1, plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle, where it is required for entry into S-phase and mitosis. Cdc2 exists as a complex with both cyclin A and cyclin B. The best characterized of these associations is the Cdc2 p34 cyclin B complex, which is required for the G2 to M phase transition. Activation of Cdc2 is controlled at several steps including cyclin binding and phosphorylation of threonine 161. However, the critical regulatory step in activating cdc2 during progression into mitosis appears to be dephosphorylation of Tyr15 and Tyr14. Phosphorylation at Tyr15 and inhibition of Cdc2 is carried out by WEE1 and MIK protein kinases while Tyr15 dephosphorylation and activation of Cdc2 is carried out by the cdc25 phosphatase. The isoform CDC2deltaT is found in breast cancer tissues. Furthermore, cdc2/Cdk1 is a key mediator of neuronal cell death in brain development and degeneration.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CDC2 expressed in E. Coli.
The cell division control protein cdc2, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) or p34/cdk1, plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle, where it is required for entry into S-phase and mitosis. Cdc2 exists as a complex with both cyclin A and cyclin B. The best characterized of these associations is the Cdc2 p34 cyclin B complex, which is required for the G2 to M phase transition. Activation of Cdc2 is controlled at several steps including cyclin binding and phosphorylation of threonine 161. However, the critical regulatory step in activating cdc2 during progression into mitosis appears to be dephosphorylation of Tyr15 and Tyr14. Phosphorylation at Tyr15 and inhibition of Cdc2 is carried out by WEE1 and MIK protein kinases while Tyr15 dephosphorylation and activation of Cdc2 is carried out by the cdc25 phosphatase. The isoform CDC2deltaT is found in breast cancer tissues. Furthermore, cdc2/Cdk1 is a key mediator of neuronal cell death in brain development and degeneration.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CDC2 expressed in E. Coli.
Cdc25C is a tyrosine phosphatase and belongs to the Cdc25 phosphatase family. It has been highly conserved during evolution and it plays a key role in the regulation of cell division. It directs dephosphorylation of cyclin B-bound CDC2 and triggers entry into mitosis. It is also thought to suppress p53-induced growth arrest. Cdc25C is mainly expressed in G2 phase. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, however, the full-length nature of many of them is not known.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDC25C expressed in E. Coli.
Cdc27 shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Cdc27, and the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe nuc 2. It is a component of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and is highly conserved in eucaryotic cells. The APC catalyzes the formation of the cyclin B ubiquitin conjugate that is responsible for the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of B type cyclins. This protein and 3 other members of the APC complex contain the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat), a protein domain important for protein protein interaction. This protein was shown to interact with mitotic checkpoint proteins including Mad2, p55CDC and BUBR1, and thus may be involved in controlling the timing of mitosis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDC27 expressed in E. Coli.
CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 110 kD that is selectively expressed on human hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells and some fibroblasts. It could act as a scaffold for the attachment of lineage specific glycans, allowing stem cells to bind to lectins expressed by stromal cells or other marrow components. CD34 is highly expressed on hematopoietic progenitors, as well as on endothelial cells. CD34 has been used to measure angiogenesis, which reportedly predicts tumor recurrence.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CD34 expressed in E. Coli.
E-Cadherin is a 120 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that is localized in the adherens junctions of epithelial cells. There, it interacts with the cytoskeleton through the associated cytoplasmic catenin proteins. In addition to being a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule, E-Cadherin is also a critical regulator of epithelial junction formation. Its association with catenins is necessary for cell-cell adhesion. These E-cadherin/catenin complexes associate with corical actin bundles at both the zonula adherens and the lateral adhesion plaques. Tyrosine phosphorylation can disrupt these complexes, leading to changes in cell adhesion properties. E-Cadherin expression is often down-regulated in highly invasive, poorly differentiated carcinomas. Increased expression of E-Cadherin in these cells reduces invasiveness. Thus, loss of expression or function of E-Cadherin appears to be an important step in tumorigenic progression.Tissue specificity: Non-neural epithelial tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDH1 expressed in E. Coli.
E-Cadherin is a 120 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that is localized in the adherens junctions of epithelial cells. There, it interacts with the cytoskeleton through the associated cytoplasmic catenin proteins. In addition to being a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule, E-Cadherin is also a critical regulator of epithelial junction formation. Its association with catenins is necessary for cell-cell adhesion. These E-cadherin/catenin complexes associate with corical actin bundles at both the zonula adherens and the lateral adhesion plaques. Tyrosine phosphorylation can disrupt these complexes, leading to changes in cell adhesion properties. E-Cadherin expression is often down-regulated in highly invasive, poorly differentiated carcinomas. Increased expression of E-Cadherin in these cells reduces invasiveness. Thus, loss of expression or function of E-Cadherin appears to be an important step in tumorigenic progression.Tissue specificity: Non-neural epithelial tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CDH1 expressed in E. Coli.
DAXX (death-domain associated protein), it is a multifunctional protein that resides in multiple locations in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. It interacts with a wide variety of proteins, such as apoptosis antigen Fas, centromere protein C, and transcription factor erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1. In the nucleus, the encoded protein functions as a potent transcription repressor that binds to sumoylated transcription factors. Its repression can be relieved by the sequestration of this protein into promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies or nucleoli. This protein also associates with centromeres in G2 phase. In the cytoplasm, the encoded protein may function to regulate apoptosis. The subcellular localization and function of this protein are modulated by post-translational modifications, including sumoylation, phosphorylation and polyubiquitination. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human DAXX expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds as a homodimer to the cAMP-responsive element, an octameric palindrome. The protein is phosphorylated by several protein kinases, and induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimulation of the cAMP pathway. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. (provided by RefSeq)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CREB1 expressed in E. Coli.
The product of this gene phosphorylates the beta-2-adrenergic receptor and appears to mediate agonist-specific desensitization observed at high agonist concentrations. This protein is an ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that specifically phosphorylates the activated form of the beta-adrenergic and related G-protein-coupled receptors. Abnormal coupling of beta-adrenergic receptor to G protein is involved in the pathogenesis of the failing heart. (provided by RefSeq)Tissue specificity: Expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GRK2 expressed in E. Coli.
CD44, also known as IN, LHRMIC4, CDW44, HCELL. It is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA) and can also interact with other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This protein participates in a wide variety of cellular functions including lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, hematopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. Transcripts for this gene undergo complex alternative splicing that results in many functionally distinct isoforms, however, the full length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing is the basis for the structural and functional diversity of this protein, and may be related to tumor metastasis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD44 (628-699) expressed in E. Coli.
Desmin (DES), with 470-amino acid protein (about 52kDa), belongs to the intermediate filament family and Desmin is class III intermediate filaments found in muscle cells. Homopolymers of Desmin form a stable intracytoplasmic filamentous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane.Mutations in Desmin are associated with desmin-related myopathy, a familial cardiac and skeletal myopathy (CSM), and with distal myopathies.Desmin is also expressed in smooth muscle cells of both airways and alveolar ducts and Desmin is a load-bearing protein that stiffens the airways and consequently the lung and modulates airway contractile response.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Desmin expressed in E. Coli.
DKK1: dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis), also known as SK. Entrez Protein NP_036374. DKK1 is a member of the dickkopf family. It is a secreted protein with two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway. Elevated levels of DKK1 in bone marrow plasma and peripheral blood is associated with the presence of osteolytic bone lesions in patients with multiple myeloma.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of DKK1 expressed in E. Coli.
The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes the most abundant extracellular inhibitor of cysteine proteases, which is found in high concentrations in biological fluids and is expressed in virtually all organs of the body. A mutation in this gene has been associated with amyloid angiopathy. Expression of this protein in vascular wall smooth muscle cells is severely reduced in both atherosclerotic and aneurysmal aortic lesions, establishing its role in vascular disease. (provided by RefSeq)Tissue specificity: Expressed in submandibular and sublingual saliva but not in parotid saliva (at protein level). Expressed in various body fluids, such as the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Expressed in highest levels in the epididymis, vas deferens, brain, thymus, and ovary and the lowest in the submandibular gland.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CST3 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the BORIS + CTCF gene family and encodes a transcriptional regulator protein with 11 highly conserved zinc finger (ZF) domains. This nuclear protein is able to use different combinations of the ZF domains to bind different DNA target sequences and proteins. Depending upon the context of the site, the protein can bind a histone acetyltransferase (HAT)-containing complex and function as a transcriptional activator or bind a histone deacetylase (HDAC)-containing complex and function as a transcriptional repressor. If the protein is bound to a transcriptional insulator element, it can block communication between enhancers and upstream promoters, thereby regulating imprinted expression. Mutations in this gene have been associated with invasive breast cancers, prostate cancers, and Wilms' tumors.Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous. Absent in primary spermatocytes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CTCF expressed in E. Coli.
cTnI has an apparent molecular weight of 22.5 kDa. cTnI is a candidate marker with acceptable sensitivity and specificity for AMI and other cardiac diseases. Troponin, a molecule that binds to the thin filament (actin) of striated muscle fibers, acts with intracellular calcium to control the interaction of the thin filament with the thick filament (myosin), thus regulating muscle contraction. Troponin I prevents muscle contraction in the absence of calcium, which has two skeletal muscle isoforms with considerable amino acid sequence homology. cTnI contains an additional N-terminal sequence and is highly specific for myocardium.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of cTnI expressed in E. Coli.
CD40 molecule, TNF receptor superfamily member 5. It is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor has been found to be essential in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation. AT-hook transcription factor AKNA is reported to coordinately regulate the expression of this receptor and its ligand, which may be important for homotypic cell interactions. Adaptor protein TNFR2 interacts with this receptor and serves as a mediator of the signal transduction. The interaction of this receptor and its ligand is found to be necessary for amyloid-beta-induced microglial activation, and thus is thought to be an early event in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CD40 expressed in E. Coli.
Dkk-3 (Dickkopf-3) is a member of the dickkopf family. It is a 350 amino acid secreted glycoprotein that is composed of an N-terminal signal peptide and two conserved cysteine-rich domains, which are separated by a 12 amino acid linker region. This secreted protein is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of this gene is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines and it may function as a tumor suppressor gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human DKK3 expressed in E. Coli.
ERK2 (also designated extracellular-signal-related kinase 2 or mitogen-activated protein kinase 1), with 360-amino acid protein (about 40kDa), belongs to the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. The activation of ERK2 requires its phosphorylation by upstream kinases. ERK2 is located in the cytoplasm of resting cells and translocates into the nucleus upon extracellular stimuli by active transport of a dimer. ERK2 is essential for placental development and ERK2 in the trophoblast compartment may be indispensable for the vascularization of the labyrinth.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ERK2 expressed in E. Coli.
The CD4 antigen is highly expressed on human T helper cells and thymocytes, and at lower levels on monocytes and dendritic cells. This integral membrane glycoprotein of approximately 58 kDa contains four external domains (D1 to D4) that show homology to members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. It is responsible for the recognition of the MHC class II antigen. The CD4 antibody recognizes most thymocytes and about 65% of peripheral blood T cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD4 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex of proteins that constitute adherens junctions (AJs). AJs are necessary for the creation and maintenance of epithelial cell layers by regulating cell growth and adhesion between cells. The encoded protein also anchors the actin cytoskeleton and may be responsible for transmitting the contact inhibition signal that causes cells to stop dividing once the epithelial sheet is complete. Finally, this protein binds to the product of the APC gene, which is mutated in adenomatous polyposis of the colon. The distinct peripheral cytosolic proteins, alpha, beta and gamma catenin (102, 94 and 86 kDa) are found in many tissues and bind to the conserved cytoplasmic tail domain of the cell adhesion cadherins. Catenins link E cadherin to other integral membrane or cytoplasmic proteins and are modulated by Wnt1 proto oncogene. The central core region of beta catenin is involved in mediation of cadherin catenin complex interaction with EGFR. Beta-Catenin-mediated signalling is involved at several stages of vertebrate neural development.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CTNNB1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ESR1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a transmembrane protein containing six epidermal growth factor repeats. The protein is involved in the differentiation of several cell types, including adipocytes; it is also thought to be a tumor suppressor. It is one of several imprinted genes located in a region of on chr 14q32. Certain mutations in this imprinted region can cause phenotypes similar to maternal and paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (UPD14). This gene is expressed from the paternal allele. A polymorphism within this gene has been associated with child and adolescent obesity. The mode of inheritance for this polymorphism is polar overdominance; this non-Mendelian inheritance pattern was first described in sheep with the callipyge phenotype, which is characterized by muscle hypertrophy and decreased fat mass.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human DLK1 expressed in E. Coli.
Involved in lymphocyte proliferation and functions as a signal transmitting receptor in lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, andplatelets Subcellular location: Membrane, Single-pass type II membrane protein Tissue specificity: Expressed on the surface of activated T-cells, B-cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, epidermal Langerhanscells and platelets Sequence similarities: Contains 1 C-type lectin domain.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD69 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-epsilon polypeptide, which together with CD3-gamma, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. The epsilon polypeptide plays an essential role in T-cell development. Defects in this gene cause immunodeficiency. This gene has also been linked to a susceptibility to type I diabetes in women.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CD3E expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is T-cell receptor zeta, which together with T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, and with CD3-gamma, -delta and -epsilon, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. The zeta chain plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. Low expression of the antigen results in impaired immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD247 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is overexpressed in breast cancer and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. The encoded protein is localized in the cytoplasm and in areas of the cell-substratum contacts. This gene has two roles: (1) regulating the interactions between components of adherens-type junctions and (2) organizing the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion structures of epithelia and carcinoma cells. During apoptosis, the encoded protein is degraded in a caspase-dependent manner. The aberrant regulation of this gene contributes to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Three splice variants that encode different isoforms have been identified for this gene. (provided by RefSeq)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CTTN expressed in E. Coli.
DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human DDX4 expressed in E. Coli.
Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. These receptors are heteromeric protein complexes composed of multiple subunits, arranged to form ligand-gated ion channels. The classification of glutamate receptors is based on their activation by different pharmacologic agonists. The subunit encoded by this gene belongs to a family of AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate)-sensitive glutamate receptors, and is subject to RNA editing (AGA->GGA; R->G). Alternative splicing at this locus results in different isoforms, which may vary in their signal transduction properties.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human GRIA3 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and is most closely related to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases). MAP kinases also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), are activated through protein phosphorylation cascades and act as integration points for multiple biochemical signals. This kinase is localized in the nucleus, and has been reported to be activated in fibroblasts upon treatment with serum or phorbol esters. (provided by RefSeq) Tissue specificity: Highest expression in the skeletal muscle, followed by the brain. Also found in heart, placenta, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney and skin fibroblasts
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ERK3 expressed in E. Coli.
CD8 T cell surface antigen is heterodimer of an alpha and a beta chain linked by two disulfide bonds .It belongs type I membrane protein. Selectively expressing of CD8 on a subset of T cells leads to CD8 T cell development. Through identifying cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells that interact with MHC class I bearing targets, CD8 is thought to play a role in the process of T-cell mediated killing. Veillette et al (1988) found the CD8 is associated with the internal membrane tyrosine-protein kinase p56lck.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD8 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein CD80 (Cluster of Differentiation 80) is a molecule found on activated B cells and monocytes which provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival. It is also known as B7.1. Its principal mode of action is by binding to CD28. Along with CD86, these molecules provide the necessary stimuli to prime T cells against antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells. CD80 and CD86 also bind to CTLA-4, a cell surface molecule expressed on activated T cells. Interactions between CD80 or CD86 with CTLA-4 decrease the response of T cells. Mouse research by scientists at Emory University showed that estrogen-related bone loss is linked to recently discovered pathways involving various proteins, such as CD80 and other functions. In a nutshell, reactive oxygen stimulates dendritic cells, which activate other immune cells to up-regulate production of CD80, the molecule co-responsible for T cell activation. "When this pathway is activated, it leads to increased T cell TNF production and ultimately to bone loss." In turn, T cells produce a protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor, which increases the formation of osteoclasts in rodents and humans. Osteoclasts cause minerals to be released from the bone, so that calcium is taken into the bloodstream to be used for other functions of the body. Osteoclast differentiation is inhibited by osteoprotegerin; Estrogen stimulates osteoprotegerin production.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CD80 expressed in E. Coli.
CD38 is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein which is present on early B and T cell lineages and activated B and T cells but is absent from most mature resting peripheral lymphocytes. CD38 is also found on thymocytes, pre-B cells, germinal center B cells, mitogen-activated T cells, monocytes and Ig-secreting plasma cells. CD38 acts as a NAD glycohydrolase in T lym- phocytes. On hematopoietic cells CD38 induces activation, proliferation, and differentiation of mature T and B cells and mediates apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. In addition to acting as a signaling receptor, CD38 is also an enzyme capable of producing several calcium-mobilizing metabo- lites, including cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR). CD38 also plays a role in maintaining survival of an invariant NK T (iNKT) cell subset that preferentially contributes to the maintenance of immunological tolerance.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD38 expressed in E. Coli.
ESR1: estrogen receptor 1. This gene encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants, which differ in their 5' UTRs and use different promoters.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ESR1 (aa130-339) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the GTP-binding translation elongation factor family. This protein is an essential factor for protein synthesis. It promotes the GTP-dependent translocation of the nascent protein chain from the A-site to the P-site of the ribosome. This protein is completely inactivated by EF-2 kinase phosporylation. (provided by RefSeq)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human EEF2 expressed in E. Coli.
CD37, also known as GP52-40, TSPAN26, MGC120234. Enterz Protein NP_001035120. It is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It may play a role in T-cell-B-cell interactions. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CD37 expressed in E. Coli.
Costimulatory B7 molecules (e.g., B7-1, or CD80; MIM 112203) signal through CD28 (MIM 186760) family molecules such as CD28, CTLA4 (MIM 123890), and ICOS (MIM 604558). May participate in the regulation of T-cell-mediated immune response. May play a protective role in tumor cells by inhibiting natural-killer mediated cell lysis as well as a role of marker for detection of neuroblastoma cells. May be involved in the development of acute and chronic transplant rejection and in the regulation of lymphocytic activity at mucosal surfaces. Could also play a key role in providing the placenta and fetus with a suitable immunological environment throughout pregnancy. Both isoform 1 and isoform 2 appear to be redundant in their ability to modulate CD4 T-cell responses. Isoform 2 is shown to enhance the induction of cytotoxic T-cells and selectively stimulates interferon gamma production in the presence of T-cell receptor signaling.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD276 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dynamin superfamily of GTPases. Members of the dynamin-related subfamily, including the S. cerevisiae proteins Dnm1 and Vps1, contain the N-terminal tripartite GTPase domain but do not have the pleckstrin homology or proline-rich domains. This protein establishes mitochondrial morphology through a role in distributing mitochondrial tubules throughout the cytoplasm. The gene has 3 alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms. These transcripts are alternatively polyadenylated. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human DNM1L (AA: 69-213) expressed in E. Coli.
Epidermal growth factor has a profound effect on the differentiation of specific cells in vivo and is a potent mitogenic factor for a variety of cultured cells of both ectodermal and mesodermal origin. The EGF precursor is believed to exist as a membrane-bound molecule which is proteolytically cleaved to generate the 53-amino acid peptide hormone that stimulates cells to divide.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human EGF expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, and it is the ligand for two proteins at the cell surface of T cells, CD28 antigen and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. Binding of this protein with CD28 antigen is a costimulatory signal for activation of the T-cell. Binding of this protein with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 negatively regulates T-cell activation and diminishes the immune response. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described, but their full-length sequences have not been determined.Tissue specificity: Expressed by activated B-lymphocytes and monocytes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD86 expressed in E. Coli.
Epidermal growth factor has a profound effect on the differentiation of specific cells in vivo and is a potent mitogenic factor for a variety of cultured cells of both ectodermal and mesodermal origin. The EGF precursor is believed to exist as a membrane-bound molecule which is proteolytically cleaved to generate the 53-amino acid peptide hormone that stimulates cells to divide.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human EGF expressed in E. Coli.
CD3 is a component of T cell surface receptor (TCR), it cantains 5 invariable chains: gamma- , delta-, epsilon-, and zeta/eta?Clevers et al. (1988) showed the TCR/CD3 complex consists of either a TCR alpha/beta or TCR gamma/delta heterodimer coexpressed at the cell surface with the invariant subunits,CD3 is responsible for the signal transduction of the TCR.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD3 expressed in E. Coli.
CD3 is a component of T cell surface receptor (TCR), it cantains 5 invariable chains: gamma- , delta-, epsilon-, and zeta/eta?Clevers et al. (1988) showed the TCR/CD3 complex consists of either a TCR alpha/beta or TCR gamma/delta heterodimer coexpressed at the cell surface with the invariant subunits,CD3 is responsible for the signal transduction of the TCR.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD3 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and B cells. TRAF2 and TRAF5 can interact with this receptor, and mediate the signal transduction that leads to the activation of NF-kappaB. This receptor is a positive regulator of apoptosis, and also has been shown to limit the proliferative potential of autoreactive CD8 effector T cells and protect the body against autoimmunity. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD30 expressed in E. Coli.
Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. Cytokeratins comprise a diverse group of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) that are expressed as pairs in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization and function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. Cytokeratins have been found to be useful markers of tissue differentiation which is directly applicable to the characterization of malignant tumors.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CK5 expressed in E. Coli.
Cytokeratin 18, also known as CK18, CYK18, KRT18. Entrez Protein NP_000215. It encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 18. Keratin 18, together with its filament partner keratin 8, are perhaps the most commonly found members of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Cytokeratin 18 (aa391-483) expressed in E. Coli.
DDR2 (discoidin domain receptor family, member 2) is one of the largest families of proteins in eukaryotes. The family has been classified in 8 major groups based on sequence comparison of their tyrosine (PTK) or serine/ threonine (STK) kinase catalytic domains. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a key role in the communication of cells with their microenvironment. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. In several cases the biochemical mechanism by which RTKs transduce signals across the membrane has been shown to be ligand induced receptor oligomerization and subsequent intracellular phosphorylation. This autophosphorylation leads to phosphorylation of cytosolic targets as well as association with other molecules, which are involved in pleiotropic effects of signal transduction. RTKs have a tripartite structure with extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic regions. This gene encodes a member of a novel subclass of RTKs and contains a distinct extracellular region encompassing a factor VIII-like domain. Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human DDR2 expressed in E. Coli.
ERBB3: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This membrane-bound protein has a neuregulin binding domain but not an active kinase domain. It therefore can bind this ligand but not convey the signal into the cell through protein phosphorylation. However, it does form heterodimers with other EGF receptor family members which do have kinase activity. Heterodimerization leads to the activation of pathways which lead to cell proliferation or differentiation. Amplification of this gene and/or overexpression of its protein have been reported in numerous cancers, including prostate, bladder, and breast tumors. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. One isoform lacks the intermembrane region and is secreted outside the cell. This form acts to modulate the activity of the membrane-bound form. Additional splice variants have also been reported, but they have not been thoroughly characterized.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ERBB3 (aa1175-1275) expressed in E. Coli.
ERBB3: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This membrane-bound protein has a neuregulin binding domain but not an active kinase domain. It therefore can bind this ligand but not convey the signal into the cell through protein phosphorylation. However, it does form heterodimers with other EGF receptor family members which do have kinase activity. Heterodimerization leads to the activation of pathways which lead to cell proliferation or differentiation. Amplification of this gene and/or overexpression of its protein have been reported in numerous cancers, including prostate, bladder, and breast tumors. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. One isoform lacks the intermembrane region and is secreted outside the cell. This form acts to modulate the activity of the membrane-bound form. Additional splice variants have also been reported, but they have not been thoroughly characterized.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ERBB3 (aa1175-1275) expressed in E. Coli.
ERBB3, v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (avian). It is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This membrane-bound protein has a neuregulin binding domain but not an active kinase domain. It therefore can bind this ligand but not convey the signal into the cell through protein phosphorylation. However, it does form heterodimers with other EGF receptor family members which do have kinase activity. Heterodimerization leads to the activation of pathways which lead to cell proliferation or differentiation. Amplification of this gene and/or overexpression of its protein have been reported in numerous cancers, including prostate, bladder, and breast tumors. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. One isoform lacks the intermembrane region and is secreted outside the cell. This form acts to modulate the activity of the membrane-bound form. Additional splice variants have also been reported, but they have not been thoroughly characterized.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human ERBB3 (aa22-369) fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cells.
ERBB2: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ERBB2 (aa750-987) expressed in E. Coli.
ERBB2: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ERBB2(aa750-987) expressed in E. Coli.
The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. Alternative splicing results in several ER mRNA transcripts, which differ primarily in their 5-prime untranslated regions. Two isoforms of the human ER, ERA and ER-beta, occur, each with distinct tissue and cell patterns of expression. Pelletier and El-Alfy (2000) studied the immunocytochemical localization of ESRA and ESRB in human reproductive tissues. In the ovary, ERB immunoreactivity was found in nuclei of granulosa cells of growing follicles at all stages from primary to mature follicles, interstitial gland, and germinal epithelium cells. Nuclear staining for ERA occurred in thecal, interstitial gland, and germinal epithelium cells. In the uterus, strong ERA immunoreactivity was detected in nuclei of epithelial, stromal, and muscle cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ER-alpha (410-592aa) expressed in E. Coli.
ER (estrogen receptor 1) a member of the steroid receptor superfamily, contains highly conserved DNA binding (DBD) and ligand binding domains (LBD). Through its estrogen-independent and estrogen-dependent activation domains (AF-1 and AF-2, respectively), ER regulates transcription by recruiting coactivator proteins and interacting with general transcriptional machinery. Phosphorylation provides an important mechanism to regulate ER activity. ER is phosphorylated on multiple sites. Serines 104, 106, 118 and 167 are located in the amino-terminal transcription activation function domain AF-1, and phosphorylation of these serines plays an important role in regulating ER activity. Ser118 may be the substrate of the transcription regulatory kinase cdK7. Ser167 may be phosphorylated by p90RSK and Akt. Phosphorylation of Ser167 may confer tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer patients.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ER expressed in E. Coli.
Human erythropoietin is member of the EPO/TPO family and encodes a secreted, glycosylated cytokine hormone composed of four alpha helical bundles. The protein is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis. This protein also has neuroprotective activity against a variety of potential brain injuries and antiapoptotic functions in several tissue types. It is produced by kidney or liver of adult mammals and by liver of fetal or neonatal mammals.Tissue specificity: Produced by kidney or liver of adult mammals and by liver of fetal or neonatal mammals.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human EPO expressed in E. Coli.
Cytokeratin 19, also known as KRT19, CK19, CK19, K1CS, MGC15366. Entrez Protein NP_002267. It is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Cytokeratin 19 (aa80-400) expressed in E. Coli.
Cytokeratin 19, also known as KRT19, CK19, CK19, K1CS, MGC15366. Entrez Protein NP_002267. It is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Cytokeratin 19 (aa80-400) expressed in E. Coli strain.
EPH receptor B6 (EphB6), with 1006-amino acid protein(~ 110 kDa), belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. Eph receptors and ephrin ligands are membrane-bound cell-cell communication molecules with well-defined functions in development. EphB6 is expressed both in a variety of embryonic and adult tissues. EphB6 is a unique member in the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases in that its kinase domain contains several alterations in conserved amino acids and is catalytically inactive. EphB6 can both positively and negatively regulate cell adhesion and migration and tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor by an Src family kinase acts as the molecular switch for the functional transition.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphB6 expressed in E. Coli.
EphB4: EPH receptor B4, also known as Htk, Myk1, Tyro11. Entrez Protein: NP_004435. It is a member of the Eph receptor family, which bind the ephrin ligand family. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. The EphB4 protein binds to ephrin-B2 and plays an essential role in vascular development.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human EPHB4 fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cell line.
EPH receptor B4 (EphB4), with 987-amino acid protein (about 108kDa), belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the ephrins, regulate numerous biological processes in developing and adult tissues and have been implicated in cancer progression and in pathological forms of angiogenesis. EphB4 acts as a negative regulator of blood vessel branching and vascular network formation, switching the vascularization program from sprouting angiogenesis to circumferential vessel growth. EphB4 and its ligand ephrinB2 express in several kinds of tumor cells and correlate with tumorigenesis. EphB4 is thus a potential candidate as a predictor of disease outcome in several kinds of tumor and as target for novel therapy.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphB4 expressed in E. Coli.
EphB4: EPH receptor B4. Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. The protein encoded by this gene binds to ephrin-B2 and plays an essential role in vascular development.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphB4 (aa562-612)expressed in E. Coli.
EphB3: EPH receptor B3. Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for ephrin-B family members.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphB3 (aa39-212) expressed in E. Coli.
EphB2: EPH receptor B2. Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for ephrin-B family members.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphB2 (aa17-200) expressed in E. Coli.
EphA8: EPH receptor A8. This gene encodes a member of the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a receptor for ephrin A2, A3 and A5 and plays a role in short-range contact-mediated axonal guidance during development of the mammalian nervous system.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphA8 (aa70-150) expressed in E. Coli.
EphA7: EPH receptor A7. This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphA7 (aa27-210) expressed in E. Coli.
EphA6: EPH receptor A6. The Eph subfamily represents the largest group of receptor protein tyrosine kinases identified to date. While the biological activities of these receptors have yet to be determined, there is increasing evidence that they are involved in central nervous system function and in development. The Eph subfamily receptors of human origin (and their murine/avian homologs) include EphA1(Eph), EphA2 (Eck), EphA3 (Hek4), EphA4 (Hek8), EphA5 (Hek7), EphA6 (Hek12),EphA7 (Hek11/MDK1), EphA8 (Hek3), EphB1 (Hek6), EphB2 (Hek5), EphB3(Cek10, Hek2), EphB4 (Htk), EphB5 (Hek9) and EphB6 (Mep). Ligands for Eph receptors include ephrin-A4 (LERK-4) which binds EphA3 and EphB1. Ephrin-A2(ELF-1) has been described as the ligand for EphA4, ephrin-A3 (Ehk1-L) as the ligand for EphA5 and ephrin-B2 (Htk-L) as the ligand for EphB4 (Htk).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphA6 (aa695-795) expressed in E. Coli.
EphA5: EPH receptor A5. This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphA5 (aa620-774) expressed in E. Coli.
EphA4: EPH receptor A4. This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphA4 (aa777-986) expressed in E. Coli.
EphA3: EPH receptor A3. This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. This gene encodes a protein that binds ephrin-A ligands. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphA3 (aa751-983) expressed in E. Coli.
EPH receptor A2 (EphA2), with 976-amino acid protein (about 107 kDa), belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EphA1, EphA2, EphA3, EphA4, EphA5, EphA6, EphA7, EphA8, EphA10, EphB1, EphB2, EphB3, EphB4 and EphB6 are Eph family receptors for Ephrin family ligands. In normal cells, EphA2 negatively regulates cell growth and invasiveness. EphA2 is overexpressed by many human cancers, and is often associated with poor prognostic features. The clinical significance of the expression of EphA2 was observed in breast, prostate, colon, skin, cervical, ovarian, and lung cancers.EphA2 may serve as a novel target for bladder cancer, colonic adenocarcinoma and ovarian cancer therapy.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphA2 expressed in E. Coli.
Ephrin receptors, the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and their ephrin ligands are important mediators of cell-cell communication regulating cell attachment, shape, and mobility in neuronal and epithelial cells (Aasheim et al., 2005 (PubMed 15777695)).Tissue specificity: Mainly expressed in testis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Epha10 expressed in E. Coli.
EPH receptor A1 (EphA1), with 976-amino acid protein(about 107 kDa), belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. The Eph subfamily represents the largest group of receptor protein tyrosine kinases identified to date and their ligands, the ephrins,can be subdivided into two major subclasses, ephrin-A and ephrin-B. Interaction of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases with their membrane bound ephrin ligands initiates bidirectional signaling events that regulate cell migratory and adhesive behavior, particularly in the nervous system. They have been implicated in various developmental processes, including axonal guidance, angiogenesis, morphogenesis and carcinogenesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of EphA1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a component of SCF complexes, which are composed of this protein, cullin 1, a ring-box protein, and one member of the F-box family of proteins. This protein binds directly to the F-box motif found in F-box proteins. SCF complexes are involved in the regulated ubiquitination of specific protein substrates, which targets them for degradation by the proteosome. Specific F-box proteins recognize different target protein(s), and many specific SCF substrates have been identified including regulators of cell cycle progression and development. Studies have also characterized the protein as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 7.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SKP1 expressed in E. Coli.
TGF beta(transforming growth factor beta), with 390-amino acid protein (about 43 kDa), is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. In mammals, three isoforms of TGFbeta, that is, beta1, beta2,and beta3,are known. TGF beta is one of numerous inhibitory factors produced by cancer cells that regulate antitumor immunity. TGF beta1 takes part in the local response in the course of primary lung cancer and TGFbeta1 is thought to be implicated in breast cancer progression.TGFbeta1 also plays a critical role in the downregulation of microglial responses minimizing brain inflammation and thus avoiding exacerbation of brain damage.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of TGF beta1 expressed in E. Coli.
The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting.Tissue specificity: Expressed in a variety of normal and tumor cell types, but is reduced in lung cancer cell lines abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme family. The encoded enzyme is a retinoid target that triggers promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) degradation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia, where it is involved in the conjugation of the ubiquitin-like interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human UBE1L expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene contains a THAP domain, which is a conserved DNA-binding domain that has striking similarity to the site-specific DNA-binding domain (DBD) of Drosophila P element transposases.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human THAP11 expressed in E. Coli.
T protein p53 binding protein 1 may have a role in checkpoint signaling during mitosis,enhance TP53-mediated transcriptional activation and play a role in the response to DNA damage. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TP53BP1 (AA: 574-773) expressed in E. Coli.
TYRO3: Tyrosine-protein kinase, also known as BYK, Brt, Dtk, Sky. Entrez Protein: NP_006284. It belongs to the Tyr protein kinase family (AXL/UFO subfamily). The UFO family of receptor tyrosine kinases is comprised of subfamily members Rse(also referred to as Tyro3 or Sky) and UFO (also called Tyro7 or Axl). Two distinct isoforms of Rse, designated Brt and Etk-2, have been described. Brt differs from Rse at its C-terminus, but more importantly lacks the N-terminal 31 amino acid signal peptide sequence present in Rse, which is replaced by a 27 amino acid Brt-specific sequence. It has been suggested that as a result of this alternative splicing event, Brt resides in the cytoplasm, unlike Rse which is expressed on the cell surface. Ekt-2 also lacks an N-terminal signal peptide which is substituted with a 45 amino acid Ekt-2-specific sequence. Protein kinases mediate most of the signal transduction in eukaryotic cells, regulating cellular metabolism, transcription, cell cycle progression, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell movement, apoptosis, and differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human TYRO3 fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cell line.
Tyro3 (also known as Sky and Rse), with 890-amino acid protein (about 98kDa), belongs to the Axl/Tyro3 family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which also includes Axl and Mer.Gas6 (growth arrest-specific gene-6) is a ligand for all members of the Axl family and they play essential roles in spermatogenesis, immunoregulation, and phagocytosis.Tyro3 was expressed at high levels during postnatal development and in the adult in the cortex.Tyro3 and Gas6 have neurotrophic roles in the nervous system.In addition, the signalling interactions of Axl and Tyro3 may play roles in tumourigenesis, inflammation as well as other cell proliferative diseases.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Tyro3 (aa138-321) expressed in E. Coli.
Tyrosine-protein kinase (TYRO3) belongs to the Tyr protein kinase family (AXL/UFO subfamily). The UFO family of receptor tyrosine kinases is comprised of subfamily members Rse(also referred to as Tyro3 or Sky) and UFO (also called Tyro7 or Axl). Two distinct isoforms of Rse, designated Brt and Etk-2, have been described. Brt differs from Rse at its C-terminus, but more importantly lacks the N-terminal 31 amino acid signal peptide sequence present in Rse, which is replaced by a 27 amino acid Brt-specific sequence. It has been suggested that as a result of this alternative splicing event, Brt resides in the cytoplasm, unlike Rse which is expressed on the cell surface. Ekt-2 also lacks an N-terminal signal peptide which is substituted with a 45 amino acid Ekt-2-specific sequence. Protein kinases mediate most of the signal transduction in eukaryotic cells, regulating cellular metabolism, transcription, cell cycle progression, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell movement, apoptosis, and differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of TYRO3 expressed in E. Coli.
Tyk2 (tyrosine kinase 2),with 1187-amino acid protein (about 131kDa), belongs to the family of non-receptor janus tyrosine kinases, which also includes Jak1, Jak2, and Jak3. Kinases of the Jak family regulate a spectrum of cellular functions downstream of activated cytokine receptors in the lympho-hematopoietic system. Tyk2 is activated by a variety of cytokines: IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13 and promotes IFN-gamma production by Th1-type CD4 cells. Tyk2 can be viewed as a dual-function Jak, mediating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses. Tyk2 is also an important regulator of lymphoid tumor surveillance.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Tyk2 expressed in E. Coli.
TBX5, also known as T-box 5. It is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. It is closely linked to related family member T-box 3 (ulnar mammary syndrome) on human chromosome 12. The TBX5 protein may play a role in heart development and specification of limb identity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Holt-Oram syndrome, a developmental disorder affecting the heart and upper limbs. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of TBX5 expressed in E. Coli.
WNT10B: wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10B. The WNT family consists of structurally related secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. WNT10B is a member of the WNT gene family. It may be involved in breast cancer, and its protein signaling is ikely a molecular switch that governs adipogenesis. This protein is 96% identical to the mouse Wnt10B protein at the amino acid level. The WNT10B gene is clustered with another family member, WNT1, in the chromosome 12q13 region.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human WNT10B expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene functions to inhibit WNT proteins, which are extracellular signaling molecules that play a role in embryonic development. This protein contains a WNT inhibitory factor (WIF) domain and five epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, and is thought to be involved in mesoderm segmentation. This gene functions as a tumor suppressor gene, and has been found to be epigenetically silenced in various cancers.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human WIF1 expressed in E. Coli.
The innate immune system confers host defense against viral and microbial infection, and TRAFD1 is a negative feedback regulator that controls excessive immune responses ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TRAFD1 (AA: 401-582) expressed in E. Coli.
WNT1: wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1. The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It is very conserved in evolution, and the protein encoded by this gene is known to be 98% identical to the mouse Wnt1 protein at the amino acid level. The studies in mouse indicate that the Wnt1 protein functions in the induction of the mesencephalon and cerebellum. This gene was originally considered as a candidate gene for Joubert syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder with cerebellar hypoplasia as a leading feature. However, further studies suggested that the gene mutations might not have a significant rolein Joubert syndrome. This gene is clustered with another family member, WNT10B, in the chromosome 12q13 region.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of WNT1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex, which is located on the thin filament of striated muscles and regulates muscle contraction in response to alterations in intracellular calcium ion concentration. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well as with dilated cardiomyopathy. Transcripts for this gene undergo alternative splicing that results in many tissue-specific isoforms, however, the full-length nature of some of these variants has not yet been determined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human troponin T2 expressed in E. Coli.
This locus encodes the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta type III receptor. The encoded receptor is a membrane proteoglycan that often functions as a co-receptor with other TGF-beta receptor superfamily members. Ectodomain shedding produces soluble TGFBR3, which may inhibit TGFB signaling. Decreased expression of this receptor has been observed in various cancers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TGFBR3 (AA: 147-328 ) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is expressed ubiquitously with higher levels in fetal than in adult tissues. It encodes a protein sharing 93% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. This gene is mapped to the 165 kb WHS critical region, and may play a role in the phenotype of the WHS or Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome. The encoded protein is found to be capable of reacting with HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, suggesting a target for use in specific immunotherapy for a large number of cancer patients. This protein has also been shown to be a member of the NELF (negative elongation factor) protein complex that participates in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human WHSC2 (AA: 280-511) expressed in E. Coli.
TrkA, also known as NTRK1, MTC, TRK, TRK1. It is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTKR) family. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. The presence of this kinase leads to cell differentiation and may play a role in specifying sensory neuron subtypes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital insensitivity to pain, anhidrosis, self-mutilating behavior, mental retardation and cancer. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been found, but only three have been characterized to date.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human TrkA (aa33-423) fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cell line.
The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human UBE2I expressed in E. Coli.
WNT5A: wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A. Entrez Protein: NP_003383. The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It encodes a protein which shows 98%, 98% and 87% amino acid identity to the mouse, rat and the xenopus Wnt5A protein, respectively. The experiments performed in Xenopus laevis embryos identified that human frizzled-5 (hFz5) is the receptor for the Wnt5A ligand and the Wnt5A/hFz5 signaling mediates axis induction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of WNT5A expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is an activator of MAP3K7/TAK1, which is required for for the IL-1 induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB and MAPK8/JNK. This protein forms a kinase complex with TRAF6, MAP3K7 and TAB1, thus serves as an adaptor linking MAP3K7 and TRAF6. This protein, TAB1, and MAP3K7 also participate in the signal transduction induced by TNFSF11/RANKl through the activation of the receptor activator of NF-kappB (TNFRSF11A/RANK), which may regulate the development and function of osteoclasts.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TAB2 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a fast-twitch skeletal muscle protein, a member of the troponin I gene family, and a component of the troponin complex including troponin T, troponin C and troponin I subunits. The troponin complex, along with tropomyosin, is responsible for the calcium-dependent regulation of striated muscle contraction. Mouse studies show that this component is also present in vascular smooth muscle and may play a role in regulation of smooth muscle function. In addition to muscle tissues, this protein is found in corneal epithelium, cartilage where it is an inhibitor of angiogenesis to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, and mammary gland where it functions as a co-activator of estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha. This protein also suppresses tumor growth in human ovarian carcinoma. Mutations in this gene cause myopathy and distal arthrogryposis type 2B. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TNNI2 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a fast-twitch skeletal muscle protein, a member of the troponin I gene family, and a component of the troponin complex including troponin T, troponin C and troponin I subunits. The troponin complex, along with tropomyosin, is responsible for the calcium-dependent regulation of striated muscle contraction. Mouse studies show that this component is also present in vascular smooth muscle and may play a role in regulation of smooth muscle function. In addition to muscle tissues, this protein is found in corneal epithelium, cartilage where it is an inhibitor of angiogenesis to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, and mammary gland where it functions as a co-activator of estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha. This protein also suppresses tumor growth in human ovarian carcinoma. Mutations in this gene cause myopathy and distal arthrogryposis type 2B. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TNNI2 expressed in E. Coli.
Vimentin, also know as VIM. It is the major subunit protein of the intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells. It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Vimentin has been implicated to be involved in the rate of steroid synthesis via its role as a storage network for steroidogenic cholesterol containing lipid droplets. Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. This results in cytoskeletal changes that facilitate the interaction of the lipid droplets within mitochondria, and subsequent transport of cholesterol to the organelles leading to an increase in steroid synthesis. Immunohistochemical staining for Vimentin is characteristic of sarcomas (of neural, muscle and fibroblast origin) compared to carcinomas which are generally negative. Melanomas, lymphomas and vascular tumors may all stain for Vimentin. Vimentin antibodies are thus of value in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms and malignant tumors. They are generally used with a panel of other antibodies including those recognising cytokeratins, lymphoid markers, S100, desmin and neurofilaments.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Vimentin (aa2-466) expressed in E. Coli.
TRIM5-alpha is a protein that is found in the cells of many mammals and fends of various retrovirus infections. It protects monkeys from infection with HIV-1, and humans from infection with some other viruses. If a retrovirus has entered a cell, it needs to shed its capsid in order to reversely transcribe its genes, so that they can be expressed by the host cell. It is believed that TRIM5 alpha, which is present in the cytoplasm, somehow recognizes the capsid and blocks its shedding, thereby stopping the virus in its tracks. It thus represents an intracellular defense completely separate from the rest of the body's immune system.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human trim5 alpha expressed in E. Coli.
TNK1: tyrosine kinase, non-receptor, 1. TNK1 is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase(NRPTK). These kinases, like members of the SRC (MIM 190090) and JAK (see MIM 147795) families, mediate intracellular signaling downstream of receptor activation.Tnk1 is a ubiquitously expressed 47-kDa protein with autotyrosine kinase activity that is developmentally regulated during embryogenesis. Tnk1 is also upregulated following IL3 withdrawal from factor-dependent murine NSF/N1.H7 cells that undergo apoptosis, suggesting a role in growth inhibition. Data support a negative regulatory role for Tnk1 in regulating the Ras-Raf1-MAPK growth pathway by a mechanism that requires its autotyrosine kinase activity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of TNK1 (aa451-560) expressed in E. Coli.
Thioredoxin (TRX) is a small ubiquitous protein (MW12kDa) which is exist in a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Trx contains a redox active disulfide/dithiol group within the conserved Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys active site. This antibody is suitable for detecting fusion proteins which encode a Trx-Tag by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. The Monoclonal Antibody can detect a little Trx-Tag fusion proteins with negligible cross-reactivity with bacterial, insect, or mammalian lysates.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fusion protein with Thioredoxin (TRX) tag.
The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (VLCS). It is capable of activating very long-chain fatty-acids containing 24- and 26-carbons. It is expressed in liver and associated with endoplasmic reticulum but not with peroxisomes. Its primary role is in fatty acid elongation or complex lipid synthesis rather than in degradation. This gene has a mouse ortholog. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SLC27A5 (AA: 508-570 ) expressed in E. Coli.
Tubulin, beta 3, also known as TUBB3. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non exchangeable site on the alpha-chain. Tubulin is a highly conserved protein with a molecular weight of ~50 kD. Microtubules play key roles in chromosome segregation in mitosis, intracellular transport, ciliary and flagellar bending, and structural support of the cytoskeleton. The two main tubulin isoforms, ?- and ?-tubulin, are usually products of separate genes. The ?-tubulin family includes six expressed genes that produce the polypeptide isoforms known as Classes I through VI, each of which have a distinct pattern of expression. Class III ?-tubulin is found in neurons and mammalian testis cells and is widely used as a neuronal marker in developmental neurobiology, neoplasia, and stem cell research. Class III ?-tubulin expression in neuronal and neuroblastic tumors is differentiation dependent, and its expression in certain non-neuronal neoplasms has been associated with poor prognosis and/or resistance to chemotherapy.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TUBB3 expressed in E. Coli.
HTATIP (HIV-1 Tat interacting protein TIP60, about 60kDa) belongs to the MYST family of histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and was originally isolated as an HIV-1 TAT-interactive protein. HATs play important roles in regulating chromatin remodeling, transcription and other nuclear processes by acetylating histone and nonhistone proteins. The nucleosome, made up of four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), is the primary building block of chromatin. In addition to the growing number of post-translational histone modifications regulating chromatin structure, cells can also exchange canonical histones with variant histones that can directly or indirectly modulate chromatin structure. There are five major variants of histone H2A: canonical H2A (most abundant), H2A.X, MacroH2A, H2ABbd and H2A.Z. Histone H2A.Z, the most conserved variant across species, functions as both a positive and negative regulator of transcription and is important for chromosome stability. Several homologous protein complexes, such as SWR-C, TIP60 and SRCAP (mammals), have been shown to catalyze the ATP-dependent exchange of H2A.Z for H2A in the nucleosome. This protein is a histone acetylase that has a role in DNA repair and apoptosis and is thought to play an important role in signal transduction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TIP60 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This protein is an osteoblast-secreted decoy receptor that functions as a negative regulator of bone resorption. This protein specifically binds to its ligand, osteoprotegerin ligand, both of which are key extracellular regulators of osteoclast development. Studies of the mouse counterpart also suggest that this protein and its ligand play a role in lymph-node organogenesis and vascular calcification. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported, but their full length nature has not been determined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TNFRSF11B expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This protein is an osteoblast-secreted decoy receptor that functions as a negative regulator of bone resorption. This protein specifically binds to its ligand, osteoprotegerin ligand, both of which are key extracellular regulators of osteoclast development. Studies of the mouse counterpart also suggest that this protein and its ligand play a role in lymph-node organogenesis and vascular calcification. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported, but their full length nature has not been determined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TNFRSF11B expressed in E. Coli.
TEC, it belongs to the Tec family of non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases containing a pleckstrin homology domain. Tec family kinases are involved in the intracellular signaling mechanisms of cytokine receptors, lymphocyte surface antigens, heterotrimeric G-protein coupled receptors, and integrin molecules. They are also key players in the regulation of the immune functions. Tec kinase is an integral component of T cell signaling and has a distinct role in T cell activation. This gene may be associated with myelodysplastic syndrome.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of TEC expressed in E. Coli.
SKP2: S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (p45). This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class; in addition to an F-box, this protein contains 10 tandem leucine-rich repeats. This protein is an essential element of the cyclin A-CDK2 S-phase kinase. It specifically recognizes phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B, also referred to as p27 or KIP1) predominantly in S phase and interacts with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1 or p19). In addition, this gene is established as a protooncogene causally involved in the pathogenesis of lymphomas. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SKP2 (aa1-130) expressed in E. Coli.
Vimentin is the major subunit protein of the intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells. It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Vimentin has been implicated to be involved in the rate of steroid synthesis via its role as a storage network for steroidogenic cholesterol containing lipid droplets. Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. This results in cytoskeletal changes that facilitate the interaction of the lipid droplets within mitochondria, and subsequent transport of cholesterol to the organelles leading to an increase in steroid synthesis. Immunohistochemical staining for Vimentin is characteristic of sarcomas (of neural, muscle and fibroblast origin) compared to carcinomas which are generally negative. Melanomas, lymphomas and vascular tumors may all stain for Vimentin. Vimentin antibodies are thus of value in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms and malignant tumors. They are generally used with a panel of other antibodies including those recognising cytokeratins, lymphoid markers, S100, desmin and neurofilaments.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Vimentin expressed in E. Coli.
TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) is an important cytokine produced by numerous cell types including neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, macrophages and NK cells. It plays a critical role in inflammatory responses and in apoptosis. TNF-alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF-alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non reducing conditions. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF-alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF-alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF-alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (BioSource company, Cat.No. PHC3013)
Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains twelve putative transmembrane domains and is a plasma integral membrane protein. Tissue specificity: Widely expressed with high level in liver.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SLC22A1 expressed in E. Coli.
WNT5A: wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A. Entrez Protein: NP_003383. The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It encodes a protein which shows 98%, 98% and 87% amino acid identity to the mouse, rat and the xenopus Wnt5A protein, respectively. The experiments performed in Xenopus laevis embryos identified that human frizzled-5 (hFz5) is the receptor for the Wnt5A ligand and the Wnt5A/hFz5 signaling mediates axis induction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of WNT5A expressed in E. Coli.
Heterodimers between TCF3 and tissue-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins play major roles in determining tissue-specific cell fate during embryogenesis, like muscle or early B-cell differentiation. Dimers bind DNA on E-box motifs: 5'-CANNTG-3'. Binds to the kappa-E2 site in the kappa immunoglobulin gene enhancer.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TCF3 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the alpha tubulin protein family. Alpha tubulins are one of two core protein families (alpha and beta tubulins) that heterodimerize and assemble to form microtubules. Mutations in this gene are associated with polymicrogyria and optic nerve hypoplasia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human TUBA8 expressed in E. Coli.
Prostate apoptosis response 4 (Par4) is a 38kD protein originally identified as the product of a gene that is upregulated in prostate tumor cells undergoing apoptosis. It is a leucine zipper and death domain containing protein whose levels increase in neurons undergoing apoptosis as a result of trophic factor withdrawal or exposure to oxidative and metabolic insults. Par4 levels are reported to be increased in their lumbar spinal cord specimens further suggesting a role in neuronal degeneration. The tumor suppressor WT1 represses and activates transcription. The loss and/or imbalance of the dual transcriptional activity of WT1 may contribute to Wilms tumor. Par4 is a WT1 interacting protein that also functions as a transcriptional repressor.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PAR4(aa1-330) expressed in E. Coli.
SORL1 (sortilin-related receptor, L A repeats containing) also known as sorting protein-related receptor containing LDLR class A (SorLA), is a Type I membrane protein that may be involved in cell-cell interaction. SorLA, a single transmembrane receptor, binds LDL and transports it into cells by endocytosis. SorLA is synthesized as a proreceptor which is processed to the mature form by a furin-like propeptidase. It can also bind to RAP (receptor-associated protein). SorLA is a multifunctional endocytis receptor important in lipoprotein and protease uptake. The N-terminal propeptide, which is removed, can be cleaved by furin or homologous proteases. Endogenous SorLA binds the neuropeptide head activator (HA) and is important for HA signaling and function. The gene encoding for the protein maps to chromosome 8p23.1. SorLA is expressed mainly in brain (cerebral cortex, cerebellum and the occipital pole), but can also be found in liver, spinal cord, kidney, testis and pancreas.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SORL1 (aa2159-2214) expressed in E. Coli.
SORL1 (sortilin-related receptor, L A repeats containing) also known as sorting protein-related receptor containing LDLR class A (SorLA), is a Type I membrane protein that may be involved in cell-cell interaction. SorLA, a single transmembrane receptor, binds LDL and transports it into cells by endocytosis. SorLA is synthesized as a proreceptor which is processed to the mature form by a furin-like propeptidase. It can also bind to RAP (receptor-associated protein). SorLA is a multifunctional endocytis receptor important in lipoprotein and protease uptake. The N-terminal propeptide, which is removed, can be cleaved by furin or homologous proteases. Endogenous SorLA binds the neuropeptide head activator (HA) and is important for HA signaling and function. The gene encoding for the protein maps to chromosome 8p23.1. SorLA is expressed mainly in brain (cerebral cortex, cerebellum and the occipital pole), but can also be found in liver, spinal cord, kidney, testis and pancreas.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SORL1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE1 subfamily. Members of the PDE1 family are calmodulin-dependent PDEs that are stimulated by a calcium-calmodulin complex. This PDE has dual-specificity for the second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, with a preference for cGMP as a substrate. cAMP and cGMP function as key regulators of many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PDE1B (AA: 370-536) expressed in E. Coli.
CD20 (MS4A1, membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1) is a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. The CD20 antigen is present on human pre B lymphocytes and on B lymphocytes at all stages of maturation, except on plasma cells. Low level expression of the CD20 antigen has been detected on normal T lymphocytes. The CD20 molecule is involved in regulation of B cell differentiation, presumably via its reported function as a Ca++ channel subunit. And it is known to accelerate the G0 to G1 progression induced by IGF-1.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa (EPANPSEKNSPSTQY) of human CD20,conjugated to KLH.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a widely conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in many cellular programs such as cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and death. The p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) signaling pathway can be activated in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, growth factors, and cytokines and is an important target in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Upon stimulation, a sequential three-part protein kinase cascade is initiated, consisting of a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK or MAP2K), and a MAP kinase (MAPK). Multiple p44/42 MAP3Ks have been identified, including members of the Raf family as well as Mos and Tpl2/Cot. MEK1 and MEK2 are the primary MAPKKs in this pathway. MEK1 and MEK2 activate p44 and p42 through phosphorylation of activation loop residues Thr202/Tyr204 and Thr185/Tyr187, respectively. Several downstream targets of p44/42 have been identified, including p90RSK and the transcription factor Elk-1. p44/42 are negatively regulated by a family of dual-specificity (Thr/Tyr) MAPK phosphatases, known as DUSPs or MKPs, along with MEK inhibitors such as U0126 and PD98059.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human MAPK expressed in E. Coli.
SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1, soluble), also known as ALS. The protein binds copper and zinc ions and is one of two isozymes responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals in the body. The encoded isozyme is a soluble cytoplasmic protein, acting as a homodimer to convert naturally-occuring but harmful superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The other isozyme is a mitochondrial protein. Mutations in this gene have been implicated as causes of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive degenerative disease of motor neurons. Rare transcript variants have been reported for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SOD1 expressed in E. Coli.
SND1/P100 (staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1), also known as TudorSN, it functions in the Pim-1 regulation of Myb activity and acts as a transcriptional activatior of EBNA-2. It also interacts with EAV, NSP1,GTF2E1 and GTF2E2, and forms a ternary complex with Stat6 and POLR2A. The staphylococcal nuclease-like (SN)-domains directly interact with amino acids 1099-1758 of CBP. SND1/P100 plays an important role in the assembly of Stat6 transcriptome and stimulates IL-4-dependent transcription by mediating interaction between Stat6 and CBP.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SND1 (aa361-485) expressed in E. Coli.
SNCG(also designated gamma-synuclein or breast cancer-specific protein 1),with 127-amino acid protein(about 14kDa), belongs to the synuclein family, which also includes alpha- and beta- synuclein.Three synucleins are located in the neuronal cytosol and enriched in presynaptic terminals,while SNCG is also expressed in many other non-neuronal tissues. SNCG is abnormally expressed in a high percentage of tumor tissues of diversified cancer types, including liver, esophagus, colon, gastric, lung, prostate, cervical, and breast cancer, but rarely expressed in tumor-matched nonneoplastic adjacent tissues. High levels of SNCG have been identified in advanced breast carcinomas suggesting a correlation between overexpression of SNCG and breast tumor development.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SNCG expressed in E. Coli.
Alpha-synuclein (SNCA), with 140-amino acid protein (about 15kDa), belongs to the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. SNCA is a soluble protein, expressed principally in the brain but also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined (except liver). SNCA is implicated in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. The triplication of the SNCA can cause Parkinson disease (PD) and diffuse Lewy body disease within the same kindred. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Immunohistochemistry for SNCA has become the histological technique of choice for the diagnosis for Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies and Multiple System Atrophy.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SNCA expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the Snail family of C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional repressor that binds to E-box motifs and is also likely to repress E-cadherin transcription in breast carcinoma. This protein is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and has antiapoptotic activity.The tumor suppressor protein p53 induces Slug expression in ?-irradiated cells; Slug protects damaged cells from apoptosis by repressing p53-induced transcription of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Puma. Mutations in this gene may be associated with sporatic cases of neural tube defects.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SNAI2 expressed in E. Coli.
Snail is a zinc-finger transcription factor that can repress E-cadherin transcription. Downregulation of E-cadherin is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition during embryonic development, a process also exploited by invasive cancer cells . Indeed, loss of E-cadherin expression is correlated with the invasive properties of some tumors and there is a considerable inverse correlation between Snail and E-cadherin mRNA levels in epithelial tumor cell lines . In addition, Snail blocks the cell cycle and confers resistance to cell death . Phosphorylation of Snail by GSK-3 and PAK1 regulates its stability, cellular localization and function .Tissue specificity: Expressed in a variety of tissues with the highest expression in kidney.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SNAI1 expressed in E. Coli.
PEG10, paternally expressed 10. The PEG10 includes two overlapping reading frames of the same transcript encoding distinct isoforms. The shorter isoform has a CCHC-type zinc finger motif containing a sequence characteristic of gag proteins of most retroviruses and some retrotransposons, and it functions in part by interacting with members of the TGF-beta receptor family. The longer isoform has the active-site DSG consensus sequence of the protease domain of pol proteins. The longer isoform is the result of -1 translational frameshifting that is also seen in some retroviruses. Expression of these two isoforms only comes from the paternal allele due to imprinting. Increased gene expression (as observed by an increase in mRNA levels) is associated with hepatocellular carcinomas.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PEG10 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13. This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions. The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region. The telomeric and centromeric copies of this gene are nearly identical and encode the same protein.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SMN1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13. This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions. The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region. The telomeric and centromeric copies of this gene are nearly identical and encode the same protein.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SMN1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE1 subfamily. Members of the PDE1 family are calmodulin-dependent PDEs that are stimulated by a calcium-calmodulin complex. This PDE has dual-specificity for the second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, with a preference for cGMP as a substrate. cAMP and cGMP function as key regulators of many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PDE1B (AA: 370-536 ) expressed in E. Coli.
PGR: progesterone receptor. This gene encodes a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. The encoded protein mediates the physiological effects of progesterone, which plays a central role in reproductive events associated with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This gene uses two distinct promotors and translation start sites in the first exon to produce two isoforms, A and B. The two isoforms are identical except for the additional 165 amino acids found in the N-terminus of isoform A only, and mediate their own response genes and physiologic effects with little overlap. The location of transcription initiation for isoform B has not been clearly determined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PGR (aa731-909) expressed in E. Coli.
Ovalbumin (OVA) is used in variety of laboratories products which contain OVA as a carrier protein. To raise antibodies against small non-immunogenic molecules,called haptens,it is often necessary to couple them to carrier protein,such as OVA.This antibody is a good reagent that may be used for the development of detection assay in ELISA or western blot to test the remaning OVA for clinical products in Vivo or research products In Vitro.
Proper cohesion of sister chromatids is a prerequisite for the correct segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The cohesin multiprotein complex is required for sister chromatid cohesion. This complex is composed partly of two structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins, SMC3 and either SMC1L2 or the protein encoded by this gene. Most of the cohesin complexes dissociate from the chromosomes before mitosis, although those complexes at the kinetochore remain. Therefore, the encoded protein is thought to be an important part of functional kinetochores. In addition, this protein interacts with BRCA1 and is phosphorylated by ATM, indicating a potential role for this protein in DNA repair. This gene, which belongs to the SMC gene family, is located in an area of the X-chromosome that escapes X inactivation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SMC1 expressed in E. Coli.
This protein belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. A deficiency of vitamin A blocks secretion of the binding protein posttranslationally and results in defective delivery and supply to the epidermal cells. (provided by RefSeq)
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human RBP expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the bicoid sub-family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and may play a role in brain and sensory organ development. A similar protein in mice is required for proper forebrain development.Tissue specificity: Expressed in brain.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human OTX2 expressed in E. Coli.
Antagonist of signaling by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) type 1 receptor superfamily members; has been shown to inhibit selectively BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) signaling by competing with the co-SMAD SMAD4 for receptor-activated SMAD1. SMAD6 is an inhibitory SMAD (I-SMAD) or antagonistic SMAD. Binds to regulatory elements in target promoter regions.Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous in various organs, with higher levels in lung. Isoform B is up-regulated in diseased heart tissue.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SMAD6 expressed in E. Coli.
Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD5 is a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD). SMAD5 is required for normal development of the cardiovascular system in vivo; lack of the SMAD5 gene results in apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. 3 Upregulation of SMAD5 has been reported to mediate apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells induced by Helicobacter pylori infection. Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SMAD5 expressed in E. Coli.
Common mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) superfamily; SMAD4 is the common SMAD (co-SMAD). Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor?Mutations or deletions in this gene have been shown to result in pancreatic cancer, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SMAD4 expressed in E. Coli.
SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein functions as a transcriptional modulator activated by transforming growth factor-beta and is thought to play a role in the regulation of carcinogenesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SMAD3 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. In response to TGF-beta signal, this protein is phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptors. The phosphorylation induces the dissociation of this protein with SARA and the association with the family member SMAD4. The association with SMAD4 is important for the translocation of this protein into the nucleus, where it binds to target promoters and forms a transcription repressor complex with other cofactors. This protein can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SMAD2 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the bicoid sub-family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and may play a role in brain and sensory organ development. A similar protein in mice is required for proper forebrain development.Tissue specificity: Expressed in brain.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human OTX2 expressed in E. Coli.
REG1A (regenerating islet-derived 1 alpha), also known as PTP, PSP, is a member of the Reg family of secreted proteins with a C-type lectin domain. REG1A is associated with islet cell regeneration and diabetogenesis and may be involved in pancreatic lithogenesis.Due to variable glycosylation, pancreatic REG1A exists as multiple species of 16 - 18 kDa. REG1A promotes the maintenance and growth of pancreatic islet ?-cells and intestinal villi. It is upregulated in pancreatitis and some carcinomas. REG1A is an antigenic target in autoimmune diabetes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human REG1A fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cell line.
RET (ret proto-oncogene) is a member of the cadherin superfamily and a receptor tyrosine kinase, which are cell-surface molecules that transduce signals for cell growth and differentiation. It can undergo oncogenic activation in vivo and in vitro by cytogenetic rearrangement. Ligands that bind the Ret receptor include the glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) and its congeners neurturin, persephin and artemin. Alterations in the corresponding Ret gene are associated with diseases including papillary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia (type 2A and 2B), familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and a congenital developmental disorder known as Hirschsprung disease. The Tyr905 residue located in the Ret kinase domain plays a crucial role in Ret catalytic and biological activity. Substitution of Phe for Tyr905 dramatically inhibits Ret autophosphorylation activity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of RET (aa896-1063) expressed in E. Coli.
RET (ret proto-oncogene) is a member of the cadherin superfamily and a receptor tyrosine kinase, which are cell-surface molecules that transduce signals for cell growth and differentiation. It can undergo oncogenic activation in vivo and in vitro by cytogenetic rearrangement. Ligands that bind the Ret receptor include the glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) and its congeners neurturin, persephin and artemin. Alterations in the corresponding Ret gene are associated with diseases including papillary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia (type 2A and 2B), familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and a congenital developmental disorder known as Hirschsprungs disease. The Tyr905 residue located in the Ret kinase domain plays a crucial role in Ret catalytic and biological activity. Substitution of Phe for Tyr905 dramatically inhibits Ret autophosphorylation activity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of RET (aa896-1063) expressed in E. Coli.
CD1a is a non polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta 2 microglobulin. CD1a is expressed by cortical thymocytes, Langerhan's cells and by interdigitating cells. CD1a is also expressed by some malignancies of T cell lineage and in histiocytosis X. Tissue specificity: Expressed on cortical thymocytes, epidermal Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, on certain T-cell leukemias, and in various other tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD1A expressed in E. Coli.
CD1a is a non polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta 2 microglobulin. CD1a is expressed by cortical thymocytes, Langerhan's cells and by interdigitating cells. CD1a is also expressed by some malignancies of T cell lineage and in histiocytosis X. Tissue specificity: Expressed on cortical thymocytes, epidermal Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, on certain T-cell leukemias, and in various other tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD1A expressed in E. Coli.
WD-repeat protein 5 (WDR5, also designated BMP-2-induced gene 3 kb or BIG-3) belongs to the family of WD-40 repeat proteins, and is essential for vertebrate development, Hox gene activation and global H3K4 trimethylation. WDR5 is a conserved subunit of Trithorax (TRX) histone methyltransferase complexes that selectively binds to dimethylated Lys4 (K4me2) in Histone H3 to promote K4 trimethylation by TRX. It is expressed in osteoblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes and marrow stromal cells. The WDR5 protein contains 7 WD-repeats, which may play a role in its function of accelerating osteoblast differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human WDR5 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter) family and encodes a protein that functions as an insulin-regulated facilitative glucose transporter. In the absence of insulin, this integral membrane protein is sequestered within the cells of muscle and adipose tissue. Within minutes of insulin stimulation, the protein moves to the cell surface and begins to transport glucose across the cell membrane. Mutations in this gene have been associated with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SLC2A4 (AA: 224-353 ) expressed in E. Coli.
PGR: progesterone receptor. This gene encodes a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. The encoded protein mediates the physiological effects of progesterone, which plays a central role in reproductive events associated with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This gene uses two distinct promotors and translation start sites in the first exon to produce two isoforms, A and B. The two isoforms are identical except for the additional 165 amino acids found in the N-terminus of isoform A only, and mediate their own response genes and physiologic effects with little overlap. The location of transcription initiation for isoform B has not been clearly determined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PGR (aa730-871) expressed in E. Coli.
SYT1: synaptotagmin I. The synaptotagmins are integral membrane proteins of synaptic vesicles thought to serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. Calcium binding to synaptotagmin I participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SYT1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (VLCS). It is capable of activating very long-chain fatty-acids containing 24- and 26-carbons. It is expressed in liver and associated with endoplasmic reticulum but not with peroxisomes. Its primary role is in fatty acid elongation or complex lipid synthesis rather than in degradation. This gene has a mouse ortholog. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SLC27A5 (AA: 508-570 ) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. This protein interacts with PPARgamma, which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors. This protein can interact with, and regulate the activities of, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). It provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. This protein may be also involved in controlling blood pressure, regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis, and the development of obesity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PGC-1alpha expressed in E. Coli.
Synaptophysin (p38) is an integral membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles in brain and endocrine cells.Synaptophysin contains four transmembrane domains that form a hexameric channel or gap junction-like pore. Synaptophysin binds to the SNARE protein synaptobrevin/VAMP, which prevents the inclusion of synaptobrevin in the synaptic vesicle fusion complex and creates a pool of synaptobrevin for exocytosis when synapse activity increases. Synaptophysin is also responsible for targeting synaptobrevin 2/VAMP2 to synaptic vesicles, a critical component of the fusion complex.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SYP expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor which is expressed in oligodendroglial tumors of the brain. The protein is an essential regulator of ventral neuroectodermal progenitor cell fate. The gene is involved in a chromosomal translocation t(14;21)(q11.2;q22) associated with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Its chromosomal location is within a region of chromosome 21 which has been suggested to play a role in learning deficits associated with Down syndrome. Tissue specificity: Expressed in the brain, in oligodendrocytes. Strongly expressed in oligodendrogliomas, while expression is weak to moderate in astrocytomas. Expression in glioblastomas highly variable.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human OLIG2 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and is a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. The encoded protein acts as a homotrimer and helps increase the processivity of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. In response to DNA damage, this protein is ubiquitinated and is involved in the RAD6-dependent DNA repair pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been described on chromosome 4 and on the X chromosome. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PCNA (AA: 53-196 ) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for glucocorticoids that can act as both a transcription factor and as a regulator of other transcription factors. This protein can also be found in heteromeric cytoplasmic complexes along with heat shock factors and immunophilins. The protein is typically found in the cytoplasm until it binds a ligand, which induces transport into the nucleus. Mutations in this gene are a cause of glucocorticoid resistance, or cortisol, resistance. Tissue specificity: Widely expressed. In the heart, detected in left and right atria, left and right ventricles, aorta, apex, intraventricular septum, and atrioventricular node as well as whole adult and fetal heart.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NR3C1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a protein that is involved in the initiation of V(D)J recombination during B and T cell development. This protein forms a complex with the product of the adjacent recombination activating gene 1, and this complex can form double-strand breaks by cleaving DNA at conserved recombination signal sequences. The recombination activating gene 1 component is thought to contain most of the catalytic activity, while the N-terminal of the recombination activating gene 2 component is thought to form a six-bladed propeller in the active core that serves as a binding scaffold for the tight association of the complex with DNA. A C-terminal plant homeodomain finger-like motif in this protein is necessary for interactions with chromatin components, specifically with histone H3 that is trimethylated at lysine 4. Mutations in this gene cause Omenn syndrome, a form of severe combined immunodeficiency associated with autoimmune-like symptoms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human RAG2(350-527aa) expressed in E. Coli.
Members of Oct family of transcription factors specifically interact with Octamer motif ATGCAAAT, a regulatory element important for tissue- and cell-specific transcription as well as for transcription of a number of housekeeping genes. All of the members of the Oct family contain two highly conserved domains which are separated by 14-26 variable amino acids. These include the POU homeodomain and the POU-specific domain. Both are required for DNA binding and are involved in protein-protein interactions. Evidences indicate that regulation of Oct family transcription factors occurs at the level of phosphorylation. Oct4 is renowned as a transcription factor expressed by undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and embryonic germ cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of OCT4 expressed in E. Coli.
Cell growth is a fundamental biological process whereby cells accumulate mass and increase in size. The mammalian TOR (mTOR) pathway regulates growth by coordinating energy and nutrient signals with growth factor-derived signals . mTOR is a large protein kinase with two different complexes. One complex contains mTOR, G?L and raptor, which is a target of rapamycin. The other complex, insensitive to rapamycin, includes mTOR, G?L, Sin1 and rictor . The mTOR-rictor complex phosphorylates Ser473 of Akt/PKB in vitro . This phosphorylation is essential for full Akt/PKB activation. Furthermore, an siRNA knockdown of rictor inhibits Ser473 phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes . This complex has also been shown to phosphorylate the rapamycin-resistant mutants of S6K1, another effector of mTOR .
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human RICTOR expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a transcription factor containing a POU homeodomain. This transcription factor plays a role in embryonic development, especially during early embryogenesis, and it is necessary for embryonic stem cell pluripotency. A translocation of this gene with the Ewing's sarcoma gene, t(6;22)(p21;q12), has been linked to tumor formation. Alternative splicing, as well as usage of alternative translation initiation codons, results in multiple isoforms, one of which initiates at a non-AUG (CUG) start codon. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 8, 10, and 12. (provided by RefSeq).Tissue specificity: Expressed in developing brain. Highest levels found in specific cell layers of the cortex, the olfactory bulb, the hippocampus and the cerebellum. Low levels of expression in adult tissues.
This gene encodes a transcription factor containing a POU homeodomain. This transcription factor plays a role in embryonic development, especially during early embryogenesis, and it is necessary for embryonic stem cell pluripotency. A translocation of this gene with the Ewing's sarcoma gene, t(6;22)(p21;q12), has been linked to tumor formation. Alternative splicing, as well as usage of alternative translation initiation codons, results in multiple isoforms, one of which initiates at a non-AUG (CUG) start codon. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 8, 10, and 12. (provided by RefSeq).Tissue specificity: Expressed in developing brain. Highest levels found in specific cell layers of the cortex, the olfactory bulb, the hippocampus and the cerebellum. Low levels of expression in adult tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human Oct4.
This gene is a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family and encodes a cytoplasmic 2-electron reductase. This FAD-binding protein forms homodimers and reduces quinones to hydroquinones. This protein's enzymatic activity prevents the one electron reduction of quinones that results in the production of radical species. Mutations in this gene have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD), an increased risk of hematotoxicity after exposure to benzene, and susceptibility to various forms of cancer. Altered expression of this protein has been seen in many tumors and is also associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NQO1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family and encodes a cytoplasmic 2-electron reductase. This FAD-binding protein forms homodimers and reduces quinones to hydroquinones. This protein's enzymatic activity prevents the one electron reduction of quinones that results in the production of radical species. Mutations in this gene have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD), an increased risk of hematotoxicity after exposure to benzene, and susceptibility to various forms of cancer. Altered expression of this protein has been seen in many tumors and is also associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NQO1 expressed in E. Coli.
Neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene is used in selection of transformed organisms. It was initially isolated from the transposon Tn5 that was present in the bacterium strain Escherichia coli K12. The gene codes for the aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (denoted aph(3')-II or NPTII) enzyme. NPTII is probably the most widely used selectable marker for plant transformation. It is also used in gene expression and regulation studies in different organisms in part because N-terminal fusions can be constructed that retain enzymatic activity. In animal cells, G418 and neomycin are used as selectable agents.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of NPT expressed in E. Coli.
This genes encodes a serine/threonine kinase related to the dual specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family. Evidence suggests that mitotic phosphorylation is required for its catalytic activity. This mitotic kinase may be involved in the activation of lymphoid cells and support testicular functions, with a suggested role in the process of spermatogenesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PBK expressed in E. Coli.
The CD19 antigen (95kDa) is expressed from the earliest stage of B progenitor development, on all peripheral B cells including germinal centre B cells, and all B cell lines and B cell leukaemia tested. T cell and monocytic cell lines are negative and the antigen is lost on B cell maturation to plasma cells. The antigen is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein whose in vitro inhibition will influence B cell activation and proliferation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD19 expressed in E. Coli.
PBEF1: nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to yield nicotinamide mononucleotide, one step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The protein is an adipokine that is localized to the bloodstream and has various functions, including the promotion of vascular smooth muscle cell maturation and inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis. It also activates insulin receptor and has insulin-mimetic effects, lowering blood glucose and improving insulin sensitivity. The protein is highly expressed in visceral fat and serum levels of the protein correlate with obesity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PBEF1 (aa338-479) expressed in E. Coli.
The CD19 antigen (95kDa) is expressed from the earliest stage of B progenitor development, on all ; peripheral B cells including germinal centre B cells, and all B cell lines and B cell leukaemia ; tested. T cell and monocytic cell lines are negative and the antigen is lost on B cell maturation ; to plasma cells. The antigen is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein whose in vitro inhibition ; will influence B cell activation and proliferation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human CD19 expressed in E. Coli.
The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor is activated by ADP. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human P2RY13 (AA: 149) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically encode proteins that contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. This nuclear protein is involved in thyroid follicular cell development and expression of thyroid-specific genes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid follicular carcinomas and atypical follicular thyroid adenomas.Tissue specificity: Expressed in the excretory system, thyroid gland and Wilms tumors.ABCAM: This protein is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors, typically containing a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. This family plays critical roles during fetal development and cancer growth. The specific function of the PAX8 is unknown but it may involve kidney cell differentiation, thyroid development, or thyroid dysgenesis. Alternative splicing in the gene by inclusion or exclusion of exons 7 and/or 8 has produced several known products but the biological significance of the variants is unknown. Several other splice variants have been proposed but the full nature of these products has not been described. Pax8 is also a marker of otic progenitor cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PAX8 expressed in E. Coli.
Oct4: octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct-4, Otf-4) and Oct-3/4, also known as POU5F1(POU class 5 homeobox 1), octamerbinding transcription factor-3 (Oct-3, Otf-3), modulates embryonic stem (ES) cell populations by influencing lineage commitment. Entrez Protein NP_002692. Oct-3/4 sustains stem-cell selfrenewal and differentiation pathways. Transcription factors containing the POU homeodomain regulate tissue-specific gene expression in lymphoid and pituitary differentiation and in early mammalian development. Oct-3/4 is capable of inducing rapid proliferation and tumorigenic properties of ES cells through activation of the UTF1 gene. In humans, two Oct-3/4 isoforms contribute to influencing the undifferentiated phenotype of ES cells. Oct-3/4 pseudogenes localizing to human chromosomes 10 and 8 are reported to be transcribed in certain cancer cell lines and tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Oct4 (aa193-360) expressed in E. Coli.
PGA5: Pepsinogen 5, group I (pepsinogen A). Pepsinogens are the inactive precursors of pepsin, the major acid protease found in the stomach. Pepsin is one of the main proteolytic enzymes secreted by the gastric mucosa. Pepsin consists of a single polypeptide chain and arises from its precursor, pepsinogen, by removal of a 41 amino acid segment from the N-terminus. Pepsinogen is synthesized in the stomach lining, and hydrochloric acid, also produced by the gastric mucosa, is necessary to convert the inactive enzyme and to maintain the optimum acidity (pH 1-3) for pepsin function. Pepsin is particularly effective in cleaving peptide bonds involving aromatic amino acids. Pepsin shows extremely broad specificity; although bonds involving phenylalanine and leucine are preferred, many others are also cleaved to some extent. PGA5 is a member of the subfamily A1 within the pepsin family and is the predominant endopeptidase in the gastric juice of vertebrates. PGA5 is inhibited by ovUS-1, a uterine serpin.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PGA5 expressed in E. Coli.
Prohibitin is an evolutionarily conserved gene that is ubiquitously expressed. It is thought to be a negative regulator of cell proliferation and may be a tumor suppressor. Mutations in PHB have been linked to sporadic breast cancer. Prohibitin is expressed as two transcripts with varying lengths of 3' untranslated region. The longer transcript is present at higher levels in proliferating tissues and cells, suggesting that this longer 3' untranslated region may function as a trans-acting regulatory RNA.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PHB expressed in E. Coli.
non-metastatic cells 1,protein,with a nm23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase gene family,involved in the phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates,with a reduced expression in tumor progression to the metastatic phenotype,mutated in agressive neuroblastoma,expressed in lung carcinoma cell lines not in normal lung,pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. Involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and development, signal transduction, G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis, and gene expression. Required for neural development including neural patterning and cell fate determination. Has tumor metastasis-suppressive capacity.Tissue specificity: Isoform 1 is expressed in heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen and thymus. Expressed in lung carcinoma cell lines but not in normal lung tissues. Isoform 2 is ubiquitously expressed and its expression is also related to tumor differentiation. Isoform 3 is ubiquitously expressed.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NME1 expressed in E. Coli.
Inhibits NF-kappa-B by complexing with and trapping it in the cytoplasm. However, the unphosphorylated form resynthesized after cell stimulation is able to bind NF-kappa-B allowing its transport to the nucleus and protecting it to further IKBA-dependent inactivation. Association with inhibitor kappa B-interacting NKIRAS1 and NKIRAS2 prevent its phosphorylation rendering it more resistant to degradation, explaining its slower degradation.Tissue specificity: Expressed in all tissues examined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NFKBIB expressed in E. Coli.
PAK2, also known as P21 (CDKN1A)-activated kinase 2. The p21 activated kinases (PAK) are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. The PAK proteins are a family of serine/threonine kinases that serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins, CDC42 and RAC1, and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. PAK2 is activated by proteolytic cleavage during caspase-mediated apoptosis, and may play a role in regulating the apoptotic events in the dying cell. PAK2 has been shown to interact with SH3KBP1, CDC42 and Abl gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PAK2 expressed in E. Coli.
CD18, also known as ITGB2 (integrin beta chain beta 2). Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. A given chain may combine with multiple partners resulting in different integrins. For example, beta 2 combines with the alpha L chain to form the integrin LFA-1, and combines with the alpha M chain to form the integrin Mac-1. Integrins are known to participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signalling. CD18 is expressed by most leucocytes. Defects in this gene are the cause of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD1). Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of CD18 expressed in E. Coli.
Transcription factor with important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Required for the differentiation of pancreatic islet alpha cells .PAX6 is the most researched of the PAX genes and appears throughout the literature as a "master control" gene for the development of eyes and other sensory organs, certain neural and epidermal tissues as well as other homologous structures, usually derived from ectodermal tissues. This transcription factor is most famous for its use in the interspecifically induced expression of ectopic eyes and is of medical importance because heterozygous mutants produce a wide spectrum of ocular defects such as Aniridia in humans. This gene encodes paired box gene 6, one of many human homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster gene prd. In addition to the hallmark feature of this gene family, a conserved paired box domain, the encoded protein also contains a homeo box domain. Both domains are known to bind DNA, and function as regulators of gene transcription. This gene is expressed in the developing nervous system, and in developing eyes. Mutations in this gene are known to cause aniridia as well as Peter's anomaly, both ocular diseases.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PAX6 expressed in E. Coli.
The p63 gene is a homologue of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Like p53, p63 contains a transactivation (TA) domain induce the transcription of target genes, a DNA binding domain, and an oligomerization domain (OD), used to form tetramers. In contrast to p53, the p63 gene encodes for at least six major isotypes. Three isotypes (TAp63?, TAp63?, and TAp63?) contain the transactivating (TA) domain and are able to transactivate p53 report genes and induce apoptosis. In contrast, the other three isotypes (?Np63?, ?Np63?, ?Np63?) are transcribed from an internal promoter localized within intron3, lack the TA domain, and act as dominant-negatives to suppress transactivation by both p53 and TAp63 isotypes. p63 is highly expressed in the basal cells of the epithelium significant for proper limb outgrowth and morphogenesis.4 In differentiating tissues, p63 is crucial for maintaining the stem cell identity of the basal cells, and is indispensable for correct development of the skin as well as the limb. p63-deficient mice lack all squamous epithelia and their derivatives, including hair, whiskers, teeth, as well as mammary, lacrimal, and salivary glands.Tissue specificity: Widely expressed, notably in heart, kidney, placenta, prostate, skeletal muscle, testis and thymus, although the precise isoform varies according to tissue type. Progenitor cell layers of skin, breast, eye and prostate express high levels of DeltaN-type isoforms. Isoform 10 is predominantly expressed in skin squamous cell carcinomas, but not in normal skin tissues.
This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappa-B (NFKB) protein complex. NFKB is a transcription regulator that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Activated NFKB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Inappropriate activation of NFKB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NFKB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NFKB1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappa-B (NFKB) protein complex. NFKB is a transcription regulator that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Activated NFKB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Inappropriate activation of NFKB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NFKB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NFKB1 expressed in E. Coli.
Cell growth is a fundamental biological process whereby cells accumulate mass and increase in size. The mammalian TOR (mTOR) pathway regulates growth by coordinating energy and nutrient signals with growth factor-derived signals . mTOR is a large protein kinase with two different complexes. One complex contains mTOR, G?L and raptor, which is a target of rapamycin. The other complex, insensitive to rapamycin, includes mTOR, G?L, Sin1 and rictor . The mTOR-rictor complex phosphorylates Ser473 of Akt/PKB in vitro . This phosphorylation is essential for full Akt/PKB activation. Furthermore, an siRNA knockdown of rictor inhibits Ser473 phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes . This complex has also been shown to phosphorylate the rapamycin-resistant mutants of S6K1, another effector of mTOR .
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human RICTOR expressed in E. Coli.
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 (survivin). This gene is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, which encode negative regulatory proteins that prevent apoptotic cell death. IAP family members usually contain multiple baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains, but this gene encodes proteins with only a single BIR domain. The encoded proteins also lack a C-terminus RING finger domain. Gene expression is high during fetal development and in most tumors yet low in adult tissues. Antisense transcripts are involved in the regulation of this gene's expression. At least four transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length natures of only three of them have been determined.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Survivin expressed in E. Coli.
Protein kinases (PKs) represent a well studied but most diverse protein superfamily. The covalent, reversible linkage of phosphate to serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues of substrate proteins by protein kinases is probably ubiquitous cellular mechanism for regulation of physiological processes. It is known to us that most signaling pathways impinge at some point on protein kinases. Here we report a human putative receptor protein kinase cDNA STYK1. The STYK1 cDNA is 2749 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame encoding 422 amino acids. The STYK1 gene is mapped to human chromosome 12p13 and 11 exons were found. RT-PCR showed that STYK1 is widely expressed in human tissues.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of STYK1 expressed in E. Coli.
Essential role in G1 cell cycle arrest. Phosphorylates and activates members of the AMPK-related subfamily of protein kinases. Tumor suppressor.serine/threonine kinase 11,with two alternatively spliced isoforms,expressed in all tissues,strongly homolog of Xenopus early embryonic kinase 1 (XEEK1),tumor suppressor gene in hamartomas syndrome and in left sided colon carcinogenesis,mutated in sporadic testicular cancer,malignant melanomas and laryngeal tumors,playing a minor role in the development of ovarian carcinoma.LKB1 is a potential target for atherosclerosis and cancer and is shown to be mutated in patients with Peutz-Jeghers cancer syndrome. Tissue specificity: Ubiquitously expressed. Strongest expression in testis and fetal liver.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human STK11 expressed in E. Coli.
STAT6 protein is a transcription factor activated by cytokines, particularly interleukin 4 and IL 13. (STAT6-/-) were found to be deficient in IL 4 mediated functions including Th2 helper T cell differentiation, expression of cell surface markers, T cell proliferation, immunoglobulin class switching to IgE, and partial loss of IL 4 mediated proliferation. STAT6 mRNA has been detected in peripheral bloodlymphocytes, colon, intestine, ovary, prostate,thymus, spleen, kidney, liver, lung and placenta. STAT6 is critically involved in Th2 immune response.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human STAT6 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein mediates the signal transduction triggered by various cell ligands, such as IL2, IL4, CSF1, and different growth hormones. It has been shown to be involved in diverse biological processes, such as TCR signaling, apoptosis, adult mammary gland development, and sexual dimorphism of liver gene expression. This gene was found to fuse to retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARA) gene in a small subset of acute promyelocytic leukemias (APLL). The dysregulation of the signaling pathways mediated by this protein may be the cause of the APLL.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human STAT5B expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development and cancer growth. The paired box 4 gene is involved in pancreatic islet development and mouse studies have demonstrated a role for this gene in differentiation of insulin-producing beta cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PAX4 expressed in E. Coli.
The Stat3 transcription factor is an important signaling molecule for many cytokines and growth-factor receptors and is required for murine fetal development . Stat3 is constitutively activated in a number of human tumors and possesses oncogenic potential and anti-apoptotic activities. Stat3 is activated by phosphorylation at Tyr705, which induces dimerization, nuclear translocation and DNA binding. Transcriptional activation seems to be regulated by phosphorylation at Ser727 through the MAPK or mTOR pathways. Stat3 isoform expression appears to reflect biological function as the relative expression levels of Stat3? (86 kDa) and Stat3? (79 kDa) depend on cell type, ligand exposure or cell maturation stage. It is notable that Stat3? lacks the serine phosphorylation site within the carboxy-terminal transcriptional activation domain.Tissue specificity: Heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human STAT3 expressed in E. Coli.
STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor). The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated through phosphorylation in response to various cytokines and growth factors including IFNs, EGF, IL5, IL6, HGF, LIF and BMP2. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. The small GTPase Rac1 has been shown to bind and regulate the activity of this protein. PIAS3 protein is a specific inhibitor of this protein. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of STAT3 expressed in E. Coli.
NTRK3 (neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3), it is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) family and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of neural tissues. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. Signalling through this kinase leads to cell differentiation and may play a role in the development of proprioceptive neurons that sense body position. Mutations in this gene have been associated with medulloblastomas, secretory breast carcinomas and other cancers.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human NTRK3 (aa32-429) fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cells.
NTRK3 (neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3), it is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) family and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of neural tissues. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. Signalling through this kinase leads to cell differentiation and may play a role in the development of proprioceptive neurons that sense body position. Mutations in this gene have been associated with medulloblastomas, secretory breast carcinomas and other cancers.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant extracellular fragment of human NTRK3 (aa32-429) fused with hIgGFc tag expressed in HEK293 cells.
PEG10: paternally expressed 10. This gene includes two overlapping reading frames of the same transcript encoding distinct isoforms. The shorter isoform has a CCHC-type zinc finger motif containing a sequence characteristic of gag proteins of most retroviruses and some retrotransposons, and it functions in part by interacting with members of the TGF-beta receptor family. The longer isoform has the active-site DSG consensus sequence of the protease domain of pol proteins. The longer isoform is the result of -1 translational frameshifting that is also seen in some retroviruses. Expression of these two isoforms only comes from the paternal allele due to imprinting. Increased gene expression (as observed by an increase in mRNA levels) is associated with hepatocellular carcinomas.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PEG10 (aa1-120) expressed in E. Coli.
p53 responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate target genes that induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. p53 protein is expressed at low level in normal cells and at a high level in a variety of transformed cell lines, where it's believed to contribute to transformation and malignancy. p53 is a DNA-binding protein containing transcription activation, DNA-binding, and oligomerization domains. It is postulated to bind to a p53-binding site and activate expression of downstream genes that inhibit growth and/or invasion, and thus function as a tumor suppressor. Mutants of p53 that frequently occur in a number of different human cancers fail to bind the consensus DNA binding site, and hence cause the loss of tumor suppressor activity. Alterations of this gene occur not only as somatic mutations in human malignancies, but also as germline mutations in some cancer-prone families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Multiple p53 variants due to alternative promoters and multiple alternative splicing have been found. These variants encode distinct isoforms, which can regulate p53 transcriptional activity.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human p53 expressed in E. Coli.
5'-nucleotidase, ecto (NT5E), also known as CD73 (Cluster of Differentiation 73). Ecto-5-prime-nucleotidase (5-prime-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.5) catalyzes the conversion at neutral pH of purine 5-prime mononucleotides to nucleosides, the preferred substrate being AMP. The enzyme consists of a dimer of 2 identical 70-kD subunits bound by a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol linkage to the external face of the plasma membrane. The enzyme is used as a marker of lymphocyte differentiation. Consequently, a deficiency of NT5 occurs in a variety of immunodeficiency diseases (e.g., see MIM 102700, MIM 300300). Other forms of 5-prime nucleotidase exist in the cytoplasm and lysosomes and can be distinguished from ecto-NT5 by their substrate affinities, requirement for divalent magnesium ion, activation by ATP, and inhibition by inorganic phosphate.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of NT5E expressed in E. Coli.
SRC: v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homolog (avian). This gene is highly similar to the v-src gene of Rous sarcoma virus. This proto-oncogene may play a role in the regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. The protein encoded by this gene is a tyrosine-protein kinase whose activity can be inhibited by phosphorylation by c-SRC kinase. Mutations in this gene could be involved in the malignant progression of colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SRC (aa10-193) expressed in E. Coli.
SRC: v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homolog (avian). This gene is highly similar to the v-src gene of Rous sarcoma virus. This proto-oncogene may play a role in the regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. The protein encoded by this gene is a tyrosine-protein kinase whose activity can be inhibited by phosphorylation by c-SRC kinase. Mutations in this gene could be involved in the malignant progression of colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SRC (aa10-193) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is highly similar to the v-src gene of Rous sarcoma virus. This proto-oncogene may play a role in the regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. The protein encoded by this gene is a tyrosine-protein kinase whose activity can be inhibited by phosphorylation by c-SRC kinase. Mutations in this gene could be involved in the malignant progression of colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SRC expressed in E. Coli.
Steroid receptor RNA activator 1 (SRA), with 237-amino acid protein (about 27kDa), belongs to the growing family of functional non-coding RNAs. SRA was originally described as the first functional noncoding RNA able to specifically coactivate the activity of steroid receptors. Specifically, SRA exists as both an RNA transcript that forms a complex with steroid receptor coactivator-1 and as a stably expressed protein. Its expression is strongly up-regulated in many human tumors of the breast, uterus, and ovary, suggesting a potential role in pathogenesis. Although coactivation of steroid-dependent transcription by SRA is accompanied by a proliferative response, overexpression is not in itself sufficient to induce turmorigenesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SRA expressed in E. Coli.
Steroid receptor RNA activator 1 (SRA), with 237-amino acid protein (about 27kDa), belongs to the growing family of functional non-coding RNAs. SRA was originally described as the first functional noncoding RNA able to specifically coactivate the activity of steroid receptors. Specifically, SRA exists as both an RNA transcript that forms a complex with steroid receptor coactivator-1 and as a stably expressed protein. Its expression is strongly up-regulated in many human tumors of the breast, uterus, and ovary, suggesting a potential role in pathogenesis. Although coactivation of steroid-dependent transcription by SRA is accompanied by a proliferative response, overexpression is not in itself sufficient to induce turmorigenesis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SRA expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of the PAX family typically contain a paired box domain and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development. Mutations in paired box gene 3 are associated with Waardenburg syndrome, craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The translocation t(2;13)(q35;q14), which represents a fusion between PAX3 and the forkhead gene, is a frequent finding in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Alternative splicing results in transcripts encoding isoforms with different C-termini. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PAX3 (AA: 142-203) expressed in E. Coli.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and is one of the major enzymes responsible for the regulation of homeostasis of carbohydrate fuels in mammals. The enzymatic activity is regulated by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle. Phosphorylation of PDH by a specific pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) results in inactivation. (provided by RefSeq). Tissue specificity: Expressed predominantly in the heart.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PDK1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator that binds to the PU-box (5'-GAGGAA-3') and acts as a lymphoid-specific enhancer. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SPIB (AA: 200-252) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes an ETS-domain transcription factor that activates gene expression during myeloid and B-lymphoid cell development. The nuclear protein binds to a purine-rich sequence known as the PU-box found near the promoters of target genes, and regulates their expression in coordination with other transcription factors and cofactors. The protein can also regulate alternative splicing of target genes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SPI1 (AA: 124-271) expressed in E. Coli.
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide, also known as PDGFRB, PDGFR? or CD140B. It is a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. This family exist as several disulphide-bonded, dimeric isoforms (PDGF AA, PDGF AB, PDGF BB, PDGF CC and PDGF DD) that bind in a specific pattern to two closely related receptor tyrosine kinases, PDGF receptor ? (PDGFR?) and PDGF receptor ? (PDGFR?). These growth factors are mitogens for cells of mesenchymal origin. PDGFRB is flanked on chromosome 5 by the genes for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor; all three genes may be implicated in the 5-q syndrome. A translocation between chromosomes 5 and 12, that fuses this gene to that of the translocation, ETV6, leukemia gene, results in chronic myeloproliferative disorder with eosinophilia.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human PDGFR? expressed in E. Coli.
The Rb protein regulates differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle control by coordinating the cell cycle at G1-S with transcriptional machinery. During G1, cyclin D-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Rb at Ser-795 marks the conversion of Rb from a transcriptionally repressive, hypophosphorylated state to an inactive, phosphorylated state, which may be sustained through mitosis by differential phosphorylation of up to 16 putative serine or threonine residues. Pediatric cancer retinoblastoma and the formation of other human tumors can be attributed to mutations in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene(Rb).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human RB expressed in E. Coli.
The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases known as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). The sequential activation of individual members of this family and their consequent phosphorylation of critical substrates promotes orderly progression through the cell cycle. The cyclins function as differentially expressed positive regulators of Cdks. Negative regulators of the cycle include the p53-inducible 21 kDa WAF1/Cip1 protein designated p21, Kip1 p27 and p16. The complexes formed by Cdk4 and the D-type cyclins have been strongly implicated in the control of cell proliferation during the G1 phase. It has recently been shown that p16 binds to Cdk4 and inhibits the catalytic activity of the Cdk4/cyclin D complex. Moreover, the gene encoding p16 exhibits a high frequency of homozygous deletions and point mutations in established human tumor cell lines.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of P16 expressed in E. Coli.
The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases known as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). The sequential activation of individual members of this family and their consequent phosphorylation of critical substrates promotes orderly progression through the cell cycle. The cyclins function as differentially expressed positive regulators of Cdks. Negative regulators of the cycle include the p53-inducible 21 kDa WAF1/Cip1 protein designated p21, Kip1 p27 and p16. The complexes formed by Cdk4 and the D-type cyclins have been strongly implicated in the control of cell proliferation during the G1 phase. It has recently been shown that p16 binds to Cdk4 and inhibits the catalytic activity of the Cdk4/cyclin D complex. Moreover, the gene encoding p16 exhibits a high frequency of homozygous deletions and point mutations in established human tumor cell lines.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of P16 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. In addition, this enzyme may be the site of mutation in Fanconi anemia, and may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide of human PARP, conjugated to KLH.
Transcription factor that forms a trimeric complex with OCT4 on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206. Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SOX2 expressed in E. Coli.
SOX2: SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2. Entrez Protein NP_003097. It is a member of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate. The product of this gene is required for stem-cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and also regulates gene expression in the stomach. Mutations in this gene have been associated with optic nerve hypoplasia and with syndromic microphthalmia, a severe form of structural eye malformation. This gene lies within an intron of another gene called SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SOX2 (aa1-170) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is a member of the Ig superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.Tissue specificity: Expressed on inflamed vascular endothelium, as well as on macrophage-like and dendritic cell types in both normal and inflamed tissue.INVITROGEN: CD106 is expressed on bone marrow stromal cells, myeloid cells, and endothelial cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human VCAM1 expressed in E. Coli.
SYK: spleen tyrosine kinase. Syk (72 kDa) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in immune receptor signal transduction and is implicated in endothelial cell functions, including cell growth and migration. SYK is a positive effector of BCR stimulated responses. It couples the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) to the mobilization of calcium ions either through a phosphoinositide 3 kinase dependent pathway, when not phosphorylated on tyrosines of the linker region, or through a phospholipase C gamma dependent pathway, when phosphorylated on Tyr 342 and Tyr 346. Thus the differential phosphorylation of SYK can determine the pathway by which BCR is coupled to the regulation of intracellular calcium ions.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of SYK (aa296-484) expressed in E. Coli.
PARL: presenilin associated, rhomboid-like. This gene encodes a mitochondrial integral membrane protein. Following proteolytic processing of this protein, a small peptide (P-beta) is formed and translocated to the nucleus. This gene may be involved in signal transduction via regulated intramembrane proteolysis of membrane-tethered precursor proteins. Variation in this gene has been associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of PARL (aa112-167) expressed in E. Coli.
Nucleophosmin (NPM), also named B23 or NO38, is a major nucleolar protein which is 20 times more abundant in tumor or proliferating cells than in normal resting cells. NPM has been implicated in several distinct cellular functions, including assembly and transport of ribosomes, cytoplasmic/nuclear trafficking, regulation of DNA polymerase alpha activity, centrosome duplication and molecular chaperoning activities. The NPM is also known for its fusion with the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase. The NPM portion contributes to transformation by providing a dimerization domain, which results in activation of the fused kinase.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human NPM (2-265) expressed in E. Coli.
This zinc finger gene has been identified at the breakpoints of a recurrent chromosomal translocation reported in endometrial stromal sarcoma. Recombination of these breakpoints results in the fusion of this gene and JAZF1. The protein encoded by this gene contains a zinc finger domain in the C terminus of the coding region. (Provided by RefSeq) SUZ12 is overexpressed in several human tumors, including tumors of the colon, breast and liver.Tissue specificity: Overexpressed in breast and colon cancer.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SUZ12 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the NeuroD family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The protein forms heterodimers with other bHLH proteins and activates transcription of genes that contain a specific DNA sequence known as the E-box. It regulates expression of the insulin gene, and mutations in this gene result in type II diabetes mellitus. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Neurod (AA: 26-91 ) expressed in E. Coli.
This zinc finger gene has been identified at the breakpoints of a recurrent chromosomal translocation reported in endometrial stromal sarcoma. Recombination of these breakpoints results in the fusion of this gene and JAZF1. The protein encoded by this gene contains a zinc finger domain in the C terminus of the coding region. (Provided by RefSeq) SUZ12 is overexpressed in several human tumors, including tumors of the colon, breast and liver.Tissue specificity: Overexpressed in breast and colon cancer.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SUZ12 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a component of SCF complexes, which are composed of this protein, cullin 1, a ring-box protein, and one member of the F-box family of proteins. This protein binds directly to the F-box motif found in F-box proteins. SCF complexes are involved in the regulated ubiquitination of specific protein substrates, which targets them for degradation by the proteosome. Specific F-box proteins recognize different target protein(s), and many specific SCF substrates have been identified including regulators of cell cycle progression and development. Studies have also characterized the protein as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 7.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human SKP1 expressed in E. Coli.
DGAT2A (Acyl-CoA: Diacylglycerol acyltransferase) is an enzyme which exhibits transferase activity, transferring acyl groups. EC=2.7.8.2.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Immunogen:
recombinant CrDGAT2A, overexpressed in E.coli, missing transmembrane domains, PID 536226, also annotated as DGTT1 UniProt: A8JGY1
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Liu et al. (2016). A simple and reproducible non-radiolabeled in vitro assay for recombinant acyltransferases involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. J Appl Phycol (2016). doi:10.1007/s10811-016-0949-6.Wase et al. (2015). Phenotypic screening identifies Brefeldin A/Ascotoxin as an inducer of lipid storage in the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Algal Research, Volume 11, September 2015, Pages 74–84.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the growing population of elderly people. A hallmark of AD is the accumulation of plaques in the brain of AD patients. The plaques predominantly consist of aggregates of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a peptide of 39-42 amino acids generated in vivo by specific, proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein P05067
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Expected Species:
Bovine, Chicken, Dog, Porcine, Rabbit
Immunogen:
synthetic peptide chosen from human Abeta (1-42) protein, Amino acid sequence: D-A-E-F-R-H-D-S-G-Y-E-V-H-H-Q-K-L-V-F-F-A-E-D-V-G-S-N-K-G-A-I-I-G-L-M-V-G-G-V-V-I-A
Alpha-synuclein is normally an unstructured soluble protein that can aggregate to form insoluble fibrils in pathological conditions characterized by Lewy bodies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy-bodies, and multiple system atrophy.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Expected Species:
Primates, Chimpanzee, Gorilla
Immunogen:
recombinant, full length, human alpha-synuclein UniProt: P37840, epitope was mapped between amino acid 1-15
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunolocalization (IL), Western blot (WB)
Bargar et al. (2021) Discrimination of MSA-P and MSA-C by RT-QuIC analysis of olfactory mucosa: the first assessment of assay reproducibility between two specialized laboratories. Mol Neurodegener. 2021 Dec 11;16(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s13024-021-00491-y. PMID: 34895275; PMCID: PMC8665327.Br nnstr m et al. (2014). A generic method for design of oligomer-specific antibodies. PLoS One. 2014 Mar 11;9(3):e90857. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090857. eCollection 2014.
Special application note:
Immunolocalization: human tissue was paraffin-embedded and sectioned. De-waxed and rehydrated in an ethanol gradient. Antigens were retrieved in sodium citrate buffer (pH 6) at 95 C for 1 h. The tissue sections were separately incubated for 1 h at RT with primary antibody and antibody binding was visualized with IgG Preoxidase Reagent Kit.This antibody will recognize human SNCA monomers and multimers in Western blot and can be used to detect fibrills in a sandwich ELISA. In ELISA this antibody can be used for detection, combined with AS13 2719 as a capture antibody.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) serves as an important control element in the regulation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in C4 and CAM plants. This is the first enzyme of the pathway, and PEPC enzymes are encoded by a small multigenic family. Several isoforms of PEPC have been characterised in maize, sorghum and sugarcane. These isoforms are involved in several functions such as the initial fixation of atmospheric CO2 (= C4 PEPC) and anaplerotic functions associated with nitrogen assimilation or amino acid biosynthesis (Lepiniec et al. 1994).
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized in glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Concentration: after re-constitution with sterile milliQ water final concentration of the standard is 0.15 pmoles/ lProtein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50 mM DTT.This standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel. Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Application Details:
Standard curve: 3 loads are recommended (0.5, 2 and 4μl).For most applications a sample load of 0.2 μg of chlorophyll/well will give a RbcL signal in this range.Positive control: a 2 μl load per well is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems. Higher standard concentration needs to be used to allow detection by Coomasie stains. Such gels with higher standard concentration can not be used for quantitation using chemiluminescence.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel. Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 60 l of steril water, Please notice that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized
Molecular Weight:
110 | 105 kDa
Special application note:
The PEPC protein standard can be used in a combination with Agrisera global PEPC antibiody to quantitate PEPC from a wide range of species. Global antibodies are raised against highly conserved amino acid sequence. Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorial
ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. F-type ATPases have two components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.Alternative names: ATPase subunit II, ATP synthase F(0) sector subunit b'
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Algae, Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays, Volvox carteri Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated mix of synthetic peptide derived from Arabidopsis thaliana AtpG Q0WMW8, At4g32260 and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ATP synthase subunit b' A8J785
Aconitase is a single subunit enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (or Krebs cycle) in the mitochondria. A cytosolic isoform is also part of the glyoxylate cycle. Aconitase catalyzes the dehydration / hydration of citrate to iso-citrate, via cis-aconitate as an intermediate. The reaction is facilitated by an iron-sulphur cluster in the active site of the enzyme. The iron-sulphur cluster is somewhat unstable, especially under oxidative stress, and loss of the cofactor leads to degradation of the protein.Alternative names: ACO, citrate hydro-lyase 1,2,3
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana ACO1,ACO2 and ACO3 isoforms, Brassica oleracea, Solanum lycopersicum
Expected Species:
Cucurbita maxima, Hordeum vulgare, Nicotiana tabacum, Ricinus communis, Solanum tuberosum, Vitis vinifera, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Picea sitcHensis, Populus trichocarpaSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Arabidopsis ACO1 (AT4G35830, Q42560), codon 120 – 898 (C-terminus), was cloned in fusion with a N-terminal 6xHis tag, and over-expressed in E. coli. All recombinant protein accumulated in inclusion bodies, which were purified by centrifugation and solubilised in 6 M guanidine-HCl. The protein was refolded by dilution in 100 mM Tris-HCl 8.5, 10% (v/v) glycerol, 2 mM dithiothreitol, and concentrated prior to immunisation.
The antibody recognises all three Arabidopsis aconitase isoforms (ACO1, ACO2 and ACO3, see Bernard et al 2009), Possible differences in affinity have not been precisely quantified, Sensitivity threshold is between 2 and 10 ng for WB / ECL (see figure), Antibodies will recognize aconitase isoforms in denaturing and native gel electrophoresis
Application Details:
1 : 5 000 -1 : 10 000 (WB), At higher concentrations the antibody binds aspecifically resulting in non-specific signals around 60 kDa, including Rubisco subunits
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
98 kDa, Note that ACO1, ACO2 and ACO3 cannot be distinguished in size by standard SDS-PAGE,
Not reactive in:
Chlamydomonas reinhardii, cyanobacteria
Selected references:
Pascual et al (2021). ACONITASE 3 is part of the ANAC017 transcription factor-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction response, Plant Physiology, 2021;, kiab225, https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab225Przybyla-Toscano et al. (2021) Protein lipoylation in mitochondria requires Fe-S cluster assembly factors NFU4 and NFU5. Plant Physiol. 2021 Oct 28:kiab501. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiab501. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34718778.Rurek et al. (2018). Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Diverse Cauliflower Cultivars under Mild and Severe Drought Involves Impaired Coordination of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Response and Regulation of Various Multifunctional Proteins. Preprints 2018, 2018010276 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201801.0276.v1).Seti n et al. (2014). Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NAD-malic enzymes activity increase the ammonium-assimilating capacity in tomato. J Plant Physiol. 171:49-63.Birke et al. (2012). Cysteine biosynthesis, in concert with a novel mechanism, contributes to sulfide detoxification in mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem J. May 2, ahead of print.
Special application note:
Arabidopsis expresses three highly similar aconitase isozymes (ACO1/ AT4G35830, ACO2/AT4G26970 and ACO3/AT2G05710), of which ACO1 is the cytosolic isoform, while ACO2 and ACO3 are predominantly located in the mitochondria (Arnaud et al 2007, Bernard et al 2009), The combined abundance and activity of the mitochondrial aconitases is about 3 times higher than the cytosolic pool (Bernard et al 2009),The Arabidopsis isoforms are more similar in amino acid sequence to mammalian iron-regulatory proteins (IRP-1) than to the mammalian and yeast mitochondrial aconitases
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) gluten consists of storage proteins known as gliadin and glutenin. Some individuals in population are gluten sensitive
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid at 1 g/ l
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Wheat gluten
Expected Species:
Wheat gluten
Immunogen:
Triticum aestivum flour protein extract
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunolocalization (IL), Western blot (WB)
F-type ATPase (ATP synthase) is the universal enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and phosphate using the energy stored in a transmembrane ion gradient. Multiple copies of the c subunit build up the ring structure (in spinach a 14-mer of ~112 kDa) of the membrane bound Fo-part of the enzyme.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Algae, Cannabis sativa, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Ostreococcus tauri, Physcomitrium patens, Pinus thunbergii, Pisum sativum, Populus alba, Zea mays, Vitis vinifera Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated peptides derived from AtpH subunit c of Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: P56760, TAIR: AtCg00140 and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii UniProt: Q37304
Please note that increased incubation at 95 C (20-30 min) prior to loading is recommended to break the multimeric c-mer structure, detection of partial ring structures (e,g, 5 or 6 subunits) may occur
Application Details:
1 : 10 000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
8 kDa (for Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Schulz et al. (2017). Molecular architecture of the N-type ATPase rotor ring from Burkholderia pseudomallei. EMBO Rep. 2017 Apr;18(4):526-535. doi: 10.15252/embr.201643374.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
Iron-hydrogenase HydA2 is catalyzing reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen. Chlamydomonas the protein is present in low levels of 1 g/liter of culture. Synonymnes: HYD2
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, recombinant HydA2 expressed in E.coli
Expected Species:
Ostreococcus sp. Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Recombinant, full length Chlamydomonas reinhardtii HydA-2 UniProt: Q8VZZ0
HydA2 (505aa) has a calculated MW of 53.7 kDa, but this is including the signal peptide, which gets cleaved off. The protein without TP can only be estimated, since the cleavage site is known only from in silico analysis. It has a calculated MW of 47.3 kDa and should run in the gel also according to its size.HydA1 (497aa) has a calculated MW of 53.1 kDa, but this is including the signal peptide, which gets cleaved off. The protein without TP has a calculated MW of 47.5 kDa and runs according to its size at about 48 kDa
Application Details:
1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
53,7 | 47,3 kDa (after a signal peptide is cleaved)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Special application note:
In Chlamydomonas HydA is present in low levels of 1 g/liter of culture. Therefore, an induction of cells by anaerobic adaptation or sulfur depravation (10 x higher amount than with anaerobic adaptation) is necessary for successful detection using this antibody. Methods of HydA induction are described in Hemschemeier et al. 2009.To detect HydA in Chlamydomonas extracts amount loaded per well corresponds to 2 g of chlorophyll for sulfur deprived cells, where relatively much HydA1 is synthesized or corresponds to 2-4 g of artificially anaerobic induced cultures, where the HydA1 protein level is lower.This antibody is recognizing 1 ng of recombinant HydA protein.
ClpB-P is involved in chloroplast biogenesis. Synonymes: ALBINO AND PALE GREEN 6, APG6, AT5G15450, CASEIN LYTIC PROTEINASE B3, CASEIN LYTIC PROTEINASE B-P, CLPB3, CLPB-P, T20K14_60, T20K14.60
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Expected Species:
Populus trichocarpa, Ricinus communis, Vitis viniferaSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated peptide derived from ClpB-P of Arabidopsis thaliana Q9LF37, At5g15450
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Jeran et al. (2021) The PUB4 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Responsible for the Variegated Phenotype Observed upon Alteration of Chloroplast Protein Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Cotyledons. Genes (Basel). 2021 Sep 6;12(9):1387. doi: 10.3390/genes12091387. PMID: 34573369; PMCID: PMC8464772.Tieu Ngoc et al. (2020). N4-methylcytidine ribosomal RNA methylation in chloroplasts is crucial for chloroplast function, development, and abscisic acid response in Arabidopsis. J Integr Plant Biol. 2020 Sep 2. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13009. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32876986.Han et al. (2015). A nuclear-encoded chloroplast-targeted S1 RNA-binding domain protein affects chloroplast rRNA processing and is crucial for the normal growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2015 Jul;83(2):277-89. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12889. Epub 2015 Jun 15.
Special application note:
There is a cross-reacting band at ca, 95 kDa - therefore longer electrophoresis time is adviced to obtain good separation
Thyroid transcription factor, also called thyroid specific enhancer binding nuclear protein (38 kDa), that regulates transcription activity of thyroid (thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, sodium-iodide transport protein, calcitonin and MHC class I) and lung (surfactant proteins A, B and C, Clara cell secretory protein). The expression of TTF1 is confined to follicular epithelial cells and the C-cells in the thyroid, and to the type II pneumocytes and the Clara cells in the lung. In tumor diagnostics TTF1 distinguish primary (TTF+) vs. metastatic (usually TTF1-) lung carcinoma (LCa), pulmonary adenoca (TTF1+) from squamous cell Ca (usually TTF1 -), pleural lung Ca (TTF1+) vs.mesothelioma (TTF1 - ) and pulmonary small cell Ca (TTF1+) vs. Mercel cell Ca (TTF - ). Mucinous lung adeno ca is usually TTF1 negative.
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is expressed in enterocytes and goblet cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is also expressed in specific types of simple epithelial cells of the urinary tract. CK20 is useful marker of colorectal carcinoma, gastric, pancreas, urothelium, merkel and biliary system carcinomas.
CD14 antigen is a GPI-linked glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 55kD. The CD14 antigen is expressed on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage including monocytes, macrophages and Langerhans cells. Low expression is observed on neutrophils and on human B cells. CD14 antigen is a receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) and the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). LBP and CD14 antigen serves two physiological roles. These proteins act as opsonin and opsonic receptor, respectively, to promote the phagocytic uptake of bacteria or LPScoated particles by macrophages.
CD2 is a surface antigen of the human T-lymphocyte lineage that is expressed on all peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. It is one of the earliest T-cell markers, being present on more than 95% of thymocytes; it is also found on some natural killer cells but not on B lymphocytes. CD2 antibody is useful for lymphoma diagnostic.
CK5 (keratin 5) is a member of the keratin gene family. Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. At least one member of the acidic family and one member of the basic family is expressed in all epithelial cells. Cytokeratin 5 is expressed in normal basal cells. Mutations of the Cytokeratin5 gene (KRT5) have been shown to result in the autosomal dominant disorderepidermolysis bullosa (EB). Defects in KRT5 are a cause of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
Cell adhesion molecule with an important role in the development of the nervous system. The L1, neural cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) plays an important role in axon growth, fasciculation, neural migration and in mediating neuronal differentiation. L1 protein is expressed to tissues arising from neuroectoderm. L1CAM plays also an important role in the malignancy of human tumors and according to several studies, L1CAM positive carcinomas have a bad prognosis. L1CAM is overexpressed in many human carcinomas but it is useful especially in endometrium carcinoma diagnostic.
CD13 is a transmembrane protease which expressed widely in different tissues and cells. CD13 expressed especially cells of myeloid origin but also eg. in bile canaliculi of liver, fibroblasts, proximal tubules of kidney, and vascular endothelia. CD13 is useful marker for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and differentiating between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-hepatocellular tumors.
Synaptophysin (p38) is an integral membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles in brain and endocrine cells.Synaptophysin contains four transmembrane domains that form a hexameric channel or gap junction-like pore. Synaptophysin binds to the SNARE protein synaptobrevin/VAMP, which prevents the inclusion of synaptobrevin in the synaptic vesicle fusion complex and creates a pool of synaptobrevin for exocytosis when synapse activity increases. Synaptophysin is also responsible for targeting synaptobrevin 2/VAMP2 to synaptic vesicles, a critical component of the fusion complex.
LI-Cadherin (Cadherin-17, CDH17), is liver-intestinal cadherin and it belongs to the cadherin superfamily. Structure and cellular locations of LI-Cadherin differs from other cadherins like E-CAD, N-CAD or P-CAD. LI-Cadherin is expressed in epithelium of appendix, colon, and intestine and it is not expressed in other normal tissues. LI-Cadherin is positive in carcinomas of colorectal carcinomas and some cases of gastric and pancreas adenocarcinoma.
Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT7 gene. CK7 is a member of the keratin family and it is specifically expressed in the simple epithelia lining the cavities of the internal organs and in the gland ducts. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains co-expressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. IHC staining of cytokeratin 7 is useful for carcinoma diagnostic especially for differential diagnosis of urothelial, lung, breast carcinomas to colorectal or prostate carcinomas. CK7 is especially marker of lung adenocarcinoma. Pancreas is the good tissue control for CK7.
Cytokeratin 8, also known as CK8, is a member of the low molecular weight type II keratin family. Type I and type II keratins heteropolymerize to form intermediate-sized filaments in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. CK8 typically dimerizes with CK18 to form an intermediate filament in simple single-layered epithelial cells. It is useful for especially diagnostic of most non-squamous epithelial tumors. squamous tumors are negative for this antibody as a rule.
Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. Cytokeratins comprise a diverse group of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) that are expressed as pairs in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization and function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. Cytokeratins have been found to be useful markers of tissue differentiation which is directly applicable to the characterization of malignant tumors.
Desmin (DES), with 470-amino acid protein (about 52kDa), belongs to the intermediate filament family and Desmin is class III intermediate filaments found in muscle cells. Homopolymers of Desmin form a stable intracytoplasmic filamentous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane.Mutations in Desmin are associated with desmin-related myopathy, a familial cardiac and skeletal myopathy (CSM), and with distal myopathies.Desmin is also expressed in smooth muscle cells of both airways and alveolar ducts and Desmin is a load-bearing protein that stiffens the airways and consequently the lung and modulates airway contractile response.
SOX2 is a transcription factor which is a member of SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family. It has a role in the regulation of embryonic development and pluripotency of stem cells. It can be useful especially in lung squamous cell carcinoma diagnostic with panel of other relative markers of squamous carcinoma like P63/P40 and CK5/CK14 for example.
CD11c is cell surface transmembrane receptor which is mostly expressed on granulocytes, macrophages, monocytes, NK-cells, and some of T- and B-lymphocytes. CD11c is useful especially for diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). CD11c can be offer great value for detection panel of HCL with DBA.44, CD103 and other HCL markers
CD45 is transmembrane protein that is present on all differentiated hematopoietic cells (including basophils, granulocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages / histiocytes, mast cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, medullary thymocytes, plasma cells). Erythrocytes and their immediate progenitors do not express CD45 antigen. This antigen is used in routine immunohistochemistry to differentiate between immune cell types, as well as to differentiate hematological malignancies from other tumors. CD 45 is a good marker for AML, ALCL and most B- and T-cell lymphomas. Epithelial tumors, follicular dendritic cell sarcomas, germ cell tumors, melanoma, mesothelioma do not express CD45.
E-Cadherin is a 120 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that is localized in the adherens junctions of epithelial cells. There, it interacts with the cytoskeleton through the associated cytoplasmic catenin proteins. In addition to being a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule, E-Cadherin is also a critical regulator of epithelial junction formation. Its association with catenins is necessary for cell-cell adhesion. These E-cadherin/catenin complexes associate with corical actin bundles at both the zonula adherens and the lateral adhesion plaques. Tyrosine phosphorylation can disrupt these complexes, leading to changes in cell adhesion properties. E-Cadherin expression is often down-regulated in highly invasive, poorly differentiated carcinomas. Increased expression of E-Cadherin in these cells reduces invasiveness. Thus, loss of expression or function of E-Cadherin appears to be an important step in tumorigenic progression.Tissue specificity: Non-neural epithelial tissues.
CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 110 kD that is selectively expressed on human hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells and some fibroblasts. It could act as a scaffold for the attachment of lineage specific glycans, allowing stem cells to bind to lectins expressed by stromal cells or other marrow components. CD34 is highly expressed on hematopoietic progenitors, as well as on endothelial cells. CD34 has been used to measure angiogenesis, which reportedly predicts tumor recurrence.
This gene encodes a homodimeric transmembrane protein which is a major glycoprotein of the vascular endothelium. This protein is a component of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex and it binds TGFB1 and TGFB3 with high affinity. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, also known as Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1, an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia.
The CD5 antigen is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed on the most mature human T-cells and expression level of CD5 will be increased during T-cell maturation. CD5 is also expressed in a small subset of normal human B-cells as well. CD5 is expressed in most T-cell lymphomas and leukemias and negative expression of the CD5 in T-cell lymphoma indicates a worse prognosis. In B-cell lymphomas eg. small lymphocytic lymphoma, small-cell lymphoma (CD20+), and mantle cell lymphoma are typically CD5 positive and marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, are CD5 negative.
CD50 (ICAM-3) that is expressed in virtually all leukocytes, belongs to the family of the intercellular adhesion molecules. It is also shown to be important part in immune response initiation. CD50 is a useful marker for non-hodgkins lymphoma and it is expressed in almost all the tumors with tendency to be lost in high grade lymphomas.
The CD20 antigen is present on human pre B lymphocytes and on B lymphocytes at all stages of maturation, except on plasma cells. Low level expression of the CD20 antigen has been detected on subpopulation of T lymphocytes. CD20 is expressed widely in the large majority of cases of B-cell leukaemia and lymphoma. The CD20 molecule is involved in regulation of B cell differentiation, presumably via its reported function as a Ca++ channel subunit.
Mammaglobin is a gene that is expressed almost exclusively in the normal breast epithelium and human breast cancer. It is a member of the secretoglobin gene family and forms a heterodimer with lipophilin B. It has been suggested that mammaglobin may be a useful marker for breast cancer clinical research. Studies investigating the detection of mRNA by RT PCR from circulating carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients have shown that mammaglobin is a highly specific marker and correlates with several prognostic factors. Mammaglobin is mammary gland specific and it over expressed in breast cancer.
CD22 protein may be involved in the localization of B-cells in lymphoid tissues. CD22 is expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of B-cells. CD22 is especially useful in diagnostics of hairy cell leukemia and classification of the B-cell lymphomas.
CD7 transmembrane protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes, mature T cells and NK-cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development.
This gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen and is a member of a family that includes at least two type I membrane proteins. This antigen is expressed on most normal epithelial cells and gastrointestinal carcinomas and functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule. The antigen is being used as a target for immunotherapy treatment of human carcinomas. Mutations in this gene result in congenital tufting enteropathy.Tissue specificity: This protein is expressed in almost all epithelial cell membranes but not on mesodermal or neural cell membranes. Found on the surface of adenocarcinomas. EPCAM:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is a 40 kDa cell surface antigen. This antigen has been identified independently by a number of groups, and has been known by a variety of names. Several monoclonal antibodies have been raised against EpCAM, many of which have been described as tumour specific molecules on carcinomas. EpCAM is a Type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein. It is expressed on the basolateral membrane of cells by the majority of epithelial tissues, with the exception of adult squamous epithelium and some specific epithelial cell types including hepatocytes and gastric epithelial cells. EpCAM expression has been reported to be a possible marker of early malignancy, with expression being increased in tumour cells, and de novo expression being seen in dysplastic squamous epithelium. This cell surface, glycosylated 40kD protein is highly expressed in the bone marrow, colon, lung, and most normal epithelial cells and is expressed on carcinomas of gastrointestinal origin.
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is the intermediate filament protein which is highly specific to astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). GFAP is also expressed some cells in peripheral nervous system eg. in Schwann cells and satellite cells. GFAP is useful especially for differential diagnosis of astrocytoma from non-glial neoplasm. Schwannoma and neurofibroma frequently express GFAP.
This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. This protein acts as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein and is important for neural crest and peripheral nervous system development. SOX10 is important and sensitive marker of melanoma especially for spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas and schwannian neoplasms.
The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-epsilon polypeptide, which together with CD3-gamma, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. The epsilon polypeptide plays an essential role in T-cell development. CD3e is an important pan T-cell marker for the classification of malignant lymphomas and lymphoid leukaemias.
The protein encoded by this gene is T-cell receptor zeta, which together with T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, and with CD3-gamma, -delta and -epsilon, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. The zeta chain plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. Low expression of the antigen results in impaired immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.
The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system. However, MBP-related transcripts are also present in the bone marrow and the immune system. These mRNAs arise from the long MBP gene (otherwise called "Golli-MBP") that contains 3 additional exons located upstream of the classic MBP exons. Alternative splicing from the Golli and the MBP transcription start sites gives rise to 2 sets of MBP-related transcripts and gene products. The Golli mRNAs contain 3 exons unique to Golli-MBP, spliced in-frame to 1 or more MBP exons. They encode hybrid proteins that have N-terminal Golli aa sequence linked to MBP aa sequence. The second family of transcripts contain only MBP exons and produce the well characterized myelin basic proteins. This complex gene structure is conserved among species suggesting that the MBP transcription unit is an integral part of the Golli transcription unit and that this arrangement is important for the function and/or regulation of these genes.
The preproprotein encoded by this gene. Somatostatin is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. This hormone is an important regulator of the endocrine system through its interactions with pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and most hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin also affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein forms a complex with MCM4, 6, and 7, and has been shown to regulate the helicase activity of the complex. This protein is phosphorylated, and thus regulated by, protein kinases CDC2 and CDC7.
CD7 transmembrane protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes, mature T cells and NK-cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development.
The CD79 protein is a heterodimer with two CD79a and CD79b phosphoproteins. CD79a is specific for B-cells. The antigen appearing before the pre-B cell stage and it is still expressed at the plasma cell stage. Together with CD20, CD79a is one the most important marker for B-cell neoplasms.
CD8 T cell surface antigen belongs to the type I membrane protein and it is heterodimer of an alpha and a beta chain linked by two disulfide bonds. CD8 positive T-lymphocytes are cytotoxic cells and it thought to play a role in the process of T-cell mediated killing. CD8 antibody is useful for classification of lymphocytes and malignant lymphomas.
Cyclin D1, is cell cycle regulator and it is over expressed in a wide variety of human neoplasms. Cyclin D1 forms a complex with regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6 kinases and it is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. The expression is maximal in G1 and minimal in S phase of cell cycle. Cyclin D1 expression is located mainly to the proliferative zone of normal epithelial tissues. Localization of the cyclin D1 is mainly nuclear. Cyclin D is useful for lymphoma diagnostic, especially diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma.
Phosphohistone H3 (Ser10) (PHH3) is a histone protein, which complexes with the other histones to form the major constituents of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Phosphorylation of serine 10 amino acid residues in histone H3 occurs only during mitosis late G2 phase. PHH3 is a useful marker for mitoses in several types of tumors and it is useful for identifying mitotic figures in tumors accurately.
Melan-A (MART-1) is a transmembrane protein which is recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Melan a is expressed in skin melanocytes and melanocyte lineages. This antibody is useful for the identification of melanomas and it should be included into standard melanoma panel for diagnostic. This antibody not cross react with cells of adrenal cortex.
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1, CD274) is a type 1 transmembrane protein with role in the regulation of cellular immune responses. PDL1 and its receptor PD-1, interacts and regulating T lymphocyte activation and immune tolerance. Blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 interaction, it enhances the antitumor activity of T lymphocytes. PDL1 is commonly expressed in many tissues and cells, eg. placenta, tonsil and histiocytes. It over expressed in many human tumors such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), melanoma, DLBCL, and different kind of carcinomas. The staining pattern is membranous.
DNA-mismatch repair (MMR), a conserved process that involves correcting errors made during DNA synthesis, is crucial to the maintenance of genomic integrity. Lack of a functional DNA-mismatch repair pathway is a common characteristic of several different types of human cancers, either due to an MMR gene mutation or promoter-methylation gene silencing. MLH1 is a human homolog of the E. coli DNA mismatch repair gene mutL, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). MLH1 is an integral part of the protein complex responsible for mismatch repair expressed in lymphocytes, heart, colon, breast, lung, spleen, testis, prostate, thyroid and gall bladder, and is methylated in several ovarian tumors. Loss of MLH1 protein expression is associated with a mutated phenotype, microsatellite instability and a predisposition to cancer. In hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome that signifies a high risk of colorectal and various other types of cancer, the MLH1 gene exhibits a pathogenic mutation. Inactivation of the MLH1 gene causes genome instability and predisposition to cancer. MLH1 also plays a role in meiotic recombination.
The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to glicentin, an active enteroglucagon.Tissue specificity: Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain.
Glutamine synthetase is enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in the liver tissue. In normal liver glutamine sythetase expressed in pericentral hepatocytes. Glutamine synthetase can be useful marker in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnostic with panel of other hepatocellular carcinoma markers.
This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. The central feature of this gene family is a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif, known as the paired box. PAX proteins are important regulators in early development, and alterations in the expression of their genes are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. This gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis and so the encoded protein may also play a role in neural development and spermatogenesis. This gene is located at 9p13, which is involved in t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocations recurring in small lymphocytic lymphomas of the plasmacytoid subtype, and in derived large-cell lymphomas. This translocation brings the potent E-mu enhancer of the IgH gene into close proximity of the PAX5 promoter, suggesting that the deregulation of transcription of this gene contributes to the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their biological validity has not been determined.
MSH2 (MutS Homologue 2) is one of the five key genes (besides MLH1, PMS1, PMS2, MSH6) of the Mis-Match Repair family (MMR). These genes encode MMR proteins, a group of nuclear enzymes that initiates repair of base-base mismatch, that can occur in DNA replication. MMR nuclear proteins form heterodimers, that bind abnormal DNA and initiates its removal. Loss of MMR proteins lead to accumulation of DNA replication errors in the proliferating cells. The above mentioned MMR genes have clinical interest, as they may mutate in families with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). About 3-5% of all colorectal carcinomas are related to MMR protein mutation. Carriers of an MLH1 or MSH2 mutation have a more than 70% lifetime risk of developing a colorectal carcinoma, with increased risk of developing endometrial carcinomas (50%). Staining for MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 in colorectal carcinomas should be carried out in patients < 55 years-of-age or with a family history of these tumors.
This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. The central feature of this gene family is a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif, known as the paired box. PAX proteins are important regulators in early development, and alterations in the expression of their genes are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. This gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis and so the encoded protein may also play a role in neural development and spermatogenesis. This gene is located at 9p13, which is involved in t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocations recurring in small lymphocytic lymphomas of the plasmacytoid subtype, and in derived large-cell lymphomas. This translocation brings the potent E-mu enhancer of the IgH gene into close proximity of the PAX5 promoter, suggesting that the deregulation of transcription of this gene contributes to the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their biological validity has not been determined.
Granzyme B (GZMB), is the cell death-inducing serine protease, which expressed in the cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Granzyme B is crucial for the rapid induction of target cell apoptosis and it has essential role in immunosurveillance. Granzyme B enters in the target cells with perforin, and results in the activation of apoptosis through caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. Granzyme B is the useful marker especially in NK/T-cell lymphomas.
Mismatch repair proteins are nuclear enzymes which participate in repair of mismatch errors during DNA replication. Loss of Mismatch repair proteins increases the number of DNA replication errors in the proliferating cells. Errors occur especially in areas of the genome with short repetitive nucleotide sequences - causing microsatellite instability (MSI). MSH6 is a mismatch repair protein which is not expressed in a high proportion of patients with MSI-H. MSH6 antibody can be useful for immunohistochemical analyses of MSH6 protein in neoplastic tissues and identification of loss of MSH6. Immunohistochemical analysis of MSH6 should be performed in IHC panel together with MLH1, MSH2 and PMS2.
ERBB2: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized
The p63 gene is a homologue of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Like p53, p63 contains a transactivation (TA) domain induce the transcription of target genes, a DNA binding domain, and an oligomerization domain (OD), used to form tetramers. In contrast to p53, the p63 gene encodes for at least six major isotypes. Three isotypes (TAp63?, TAp63?, and TAp63?) contain the transactivating (TA) domain and are able to transactivate p53 report genes and induce apoptosis. In contrast, the other three isotypes (?Np63?, ?Np63?, ?Np63?) are transcribed from an internal promoter localized within intron3, lack the TA domain, and act as dominant-negatives to suppress transactivation by both p53 and TAp63 isotypes. p63 is highly expressed in the basal cells of the epithelium significant for proper limb outgrowth and morphogenesis.4 In differentiating tissues, p63 is crucial for maintaining the stem cell identity of the basal cells, and is indispensable for correct development of the skin as well as the limb. p63-deficient mice lack all squamous epithelia and their derivatives, including hair, whiskers, teeth, as well as mammary, lacrimal, and salivary glands.Tissue specificity: Widely expressed, notably in heart, kidney, placenta, prostate, skeletal muscle, testis and thymus, although the precise isoform varies according to tissue type. Progenitor cell layers of skin, breast, eye and prostate express high levels of DeltaN-type isoforms. Isoform 10 is predominantly expressed in skin squamous cell carcinomas, but not in normal skin tissues
CD38 is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein which is present on early B and T cell lineages and activated B and T cells but is absent from most mature resting peripheral lymphocytes. CD38 is also found on thymocytes, pre-B cells, germinal center B cells, mitogen-activated T cells, monocytes and Ig-secreting plasma cells. On hematopoietic cells CD38 induces activation, proliferation, and differentiation of mature T and B cells and mediates apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. CD38 marker is useful for lymphoma diagnostic eg. using in plasmacytoma diagnostic.
ERBB2: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized
AIB-1 also known as allograft inflammation factor-1 is cytoplasmic actin and calcium binding protein that is expressed especially in activated macrophages and microglia, but also plays part in vascular smooth muscle cell activation and migration. In clinical use IBA-1 can be valuable marker of allograft rejection, macrophages and microglia.
Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose level in blood and it is involved in the synthesis of proteins and fat. Insulin increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. Insulin is a heterodimer of a B chain and A chain linked by two disulfide bonds. Defects in insulin are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia. Insulin is present on the insulin secreted beta cells in islets of Langerhans.
Vimentin is the major subunit protein of the intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells. It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Vimentin has been implicated to be involved in the rate of steroid synthesis via its role as a storage network for steroidogenic cholesterol containing lipid droplets. Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. This results in cytoskeletal changes that facilitate the interaction of the lipid droplets within mitochondria, and subsequent transport of cholesterol to the organelles leading to an increase in steroid synthesis. Immunohistochemical staining for Vimentin is characteristic of sarcomas (of neural, muscle and fibroblast origin) compared to carcinomas which are generally negative. Melanomas, lymphomas and vascular tumors may all stain for Vimentin. Vimentin antibodies are thus of value in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms and malignant tumors. They are generally used with a panel of other antibodies including those recognising cytokeratins, lymphoid markers, S100, desmin and neurofilaments.
Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) is an acidic type I human intermediate filament protein. It mostly found in basal cells of squamous epithelia, myoepithelium, some glandular epithelia and mesothelial cells. Molecular weight of CK14 is 50 kDa, and it usually pairs with CK5, which is a type II (basic) cytokeratin. In neoplastic cells, CK14 is a useful marker especially in identification of basal cell epithelium in prostate and myoepithelium in breast. It also useful for detecting squamous cell carcinomas. CK5 and CK14 antibodies can be used as a cocktail as well.
CK17, also known as KRT17, it is the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 17. It is found in nail beds, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and other epidermal appendages. Mutations in this gene lead to Jackson-Lawler type pachyonychia congenita and steatocystoma multiplex. May play a role in the formation and maintenance of various skin appendages, specifically in determining shape and orientation of hair. May be a marker of basal cell differentiation in complex epithelia and therefore indicative of a certain type of epithelial "stem cells". May act as an autoantigen in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, with certain peptide regions being a major target for autoreactive T-cells and hence causing their proliferation. Required for the correct growth of hair follicles, in particular for the persistence of the anagen (growth) state. Modulates the function of TNF-alpha in the specific context of hair cycling. Regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth through binding to the adapter protein SFN and by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. Involved in tissue repair.
MUM1 is a nuclear transcriptional factor (IRF4 or Multiple Myeloma 1 ) and is expressed in final step of intragerminal center B cell differentiation and in post-germinal center B cells. MUM1 is usually mutually exclusive with BCL6 in nonneoplastic tissue. Nuclear expression is present also in a subpopulation of activated T- lymphocytes and expressed in normal and neoplastic melanocytes. In neoplasms MUM1 is found mainly in B-cell lymphoma and melanocytic lesions. In combination with CD138 and Ig´s makes MUM1 more specific marker for differentiating B-cells before plasma cell stage. MUM1 helps to divide diffuse large B cell lymphomas into germinal center (MUM1-) /non-germinal center (MUM1+) phenotypes and helps also to differentiate double hit from Burkitt and DLCL.
Cytokeratin 18, also known as CK18, CYK18, KRT18. Entrez Protein NP_000215. It encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 18. Keratin 18, together with its filament partner keratin 8, are perhaps the most commonly found members of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Cytokeratin 19, also known as KRT19, CK19, CK19, K1CS, MGC15366. Entrez Protein NP_002267. It is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis.
The CD4 is membrane glycoprotein (58kDa) and it is highly expressed on human T-helper lymphocytes and thymocytes, as well as at lower levels on cells from monocyte lineage. CD4 is useful marker for recognition of different subtypes of lymphocytes and in diagnostic for T-lymphoblastic lymphomas and histiocytic neoplasia.
CD38 is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein which is present on early B and T cell lineages and activated B and T cells but is absent from most mature resting peripheral lymphocytes. CD38 is also found on thymocytes, pre-B cells, germinal center B cells, mitogen-activated T cells, monocytes and Ig-secreting plasma cells. CD38 acts as a NAD glycohydrolase in T lym- phocytes. On hematopoietic cells CD38 induces activation, proliferation, and differentiation of mature T and B cells and mediates apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. In addition to acting as a signaling receptor, CD38 is also an enzyme capable of producing several calcium-mobilizing metabo- lites, including cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR). CD38 also plays a role in maintaining survival of an invariant NK T (iNKT) cell subset that preferentially contributes to the maintenance of immunological tolerance.
CD43 (leukosialin, sialophorin) is a transmembrane mucin-like glycoprotein which expressed in plasma membrane especially in T-lymphocytes, some B-cells and cells from myelomonolineage. It is useful for lymphoma diagnostic and it expressed in most T-cell lymphomas and some B-cell lymphomas.
The CD44 antigen, also referred as homing cell adhesion molecule (HCAM), is a multi-structural and multifunctional cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cellcell interactions, cell adhesion, and migration. Most tissues are CD44 positive, including astrocyte restricted precursor cells, breast myoepithelial cells, colon, lung type II pneumocytes, red blood cells, stomach, urothelial basal cells, uterus and white blood cells. Negative staining results is seen in testis, kidney tubular epithelium, cardiac muscle, hepatocytes. In disease, positive staining is seen in colorectal carcinoma (most), Langerhans histiocytosis, oligodendroglioma, thymoma, small cell prostate carcinoma.
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is expressed in enterocytes and goblet cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is also expressed in specific types of simple epithelial cells of the urinary tract. CK20 is useful marker of colorectal carcinoma, gastric, pancreas, urothelium, merkel and biliary system carcinomas.
The human leukocyte differentiation antigen CD23 (FCER2) is a key molecule for B-cell activation and growth. It is the low-affinity receptor for IgE. The truncated molecule can be secreted, then functioning as a potent mitogenic growth factor. It is expressed on most mature, conventional B cells (but not on peritoneal CD5+ B cells), and can also be found on the surface of T cells, macrophages, platelets and EBV transformed B lymphoblasts. Expression of CD23 has been detected in neoplastic cells from cases of B cell chronic Lymphocytic leukemia. CD23 is expressed by B cells in the follicular mantle zone but not by proliferating germinal centre cells. CD23 is also expressed by eosinophils. CD23 is distinct from the high affinity IgE receptors found on basophils and mast cells, which mediate allergic reactions. The low affinity receptors are thought to play a role in isotype specific immunoregulation. The regulation of CD23 surface expression appears to be integral with the complex IgE system, which involves interactions of cells, cytokines, antibodies and regulatory factors.
Napsin A is an aspartic proteinase that is expressed predominantly in lung (type II pneumocytes) and kidney and lower levels in spleen and blood leukocytes. Alveolar macrophages also contain Napsin A due phagosytosis of pneumocytes. Napsin A in useful especially in the differential diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma between squamous cell carcinoma.
Ki67, also known as MKI67, is aprototypic cell cycle related nuclear protein, expressed by proliferating cells in all phases of the active cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and M phase). It is absent in resting (G0) cells. Ki67 antibodies are useful in establishing the cell growing fraction in neoplasms (immunohistochemically quantified by determining the number of Ki67 positive cells among the total number of resting cells = Ki67 index). In neoplastic tissues the prognostic value is comparable to the tritiated thymidine labelling index. The correlation between low Ki67 index and histologically low grade tumours is strong. Ki67 is routinely used as a neuronal marker of cell cycling and proliferation
The products of umuD , umuC , and recA genes (SOS genes) are required for mutagenesis induced by radiation or chemical agents. Transcription of these SOS genes is repressed by a repressor, LexA protein in uninduced cells. Exposure of cells to DNA-damaging agents activates RecA protein to promote proteolytic cleavage of LexA protein. Inactivation of LexA protein by the cleavage consequently derepresses the SOS genes, umuD, C and recA . UmuD protein is then auto-cleaved, which is promoted by RecA protein ssDNA in a ATP-dependent manner. The processed UmuD protein is the active form for mutagenesis and the UmuD-UmuC complex functions as an error-prone translesion DNA polymerase.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C and make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Escherichia coli
Immunogen:
Highly purified, full length, recombinant UmuD protein from E.coli, UniProt: P0AG11
Shinagawa et al. (1998). RecA protein-dependent cleavage of UmuD protein and SOS mutagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(6):1806-10. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.6.1806. PMID: 3126496; PMCID: PMC279868.
E. coli DNA polymerase 1 (928 aa; 103 kDa) is encoded by polA gene and involved in DNA replication and repair. In addition to polymerase activity, this DNA polymerase exhibits 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' exonuclease activity. It is able to utilize nicked circular duplex DNA as a template and can unwind the parental DNA strand from its template.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C; make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Escherichia coli
Expected Species:
Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Purified, full length, recombinant POL I protein from E.coli, UniProt: P00582
Rfa1 (Replication Factor A protein 1) as part of the replication protein A (RPA/RP-A), a single-stranded DNA-binding heterotrimeric complex, may play an essential role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, preventing complementary DNA reannealing and recruiting different proteins involved in DNA metabolism. Binds to single-stranded sequences participating in DNA replication in addition to those mediating transcriptional repression (URS1) and activation (CAR1). Stimulates the activity of a cognate strand exchange protein (SEP1). It cooperates with T-AG and DNA topoisomerase I to unwind template DNA containing the simian virus 40 origin of DNA replication.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C; make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Expected Species:
Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Purified, recombinant Rfa1 protein (without a tag) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, UniProt: P22336
Rhp51 protein of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) is a functional and structural homolog of E.coli RecA protein and Rad51 proteins of eukaryotes, which play a major role in genetic recombination and recombination repair by mediating strand exchange reaction between homologous DNA strands.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C; make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Saccharomyces pombe
Expected Species:
Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Purified, full length, recombinant Rhp51 protein from Saccharomyces pombe, UniProt: P36601
Applications:
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Immunoprecipitation (IP),Immunofluorescence (IF), Western blot (WB)
Akamatsu et al. (2007) Fission yeast Swi5/Sfr1 and Rhp55/Rhp57 differentially regulate Rhp51-dependent recombination outcomes. EMBO J. 2007 Mar 7;26(5):1352-62. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601582. Epub 2007 Feb 15. PMID: 17304215; PMCID: PMC1817630.Lambert et al. (2005). Gross chromosomal rearrangements and elevated recombination at an inducible site-specific replication fork barrier. Cell. 2005 Jun 3;121(5):689-702. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.03.022. PMID: 15935756. (Immunoflourescence)Akamatsu et al. (2003) Two different Swi5-containing protein complexes are involved in mating-type switching and recombination repair in fission yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 23;100(26):15770-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2632890100. Epub 2003 Dec 8. PMID: 14663140; PMCID: PMC307643. (Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot)Kibe et al. (2003). Fission yeast Rhp51 is required for the maintenance of telomere structure in the absence of the Ku heterodimer. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Sep 1;31(17):5054-63. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkg718. PMID: 12930956; PMCID: PMC212814. (ChIP)
Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases which play essential roles in apoptosis. Among them, Caspase 3 is a frequently activated death protease, catalyzing the specific cleavage of many key cellular proteins. Caspase 3 is synthesized as an inactive 32 kDa pro-enzyme which undergo proteolytic processing in response to apoptotic stimulation to produce the active form which consists of the p20/p17, and p12 subunits. Caspase 3 is the predominant caspase involved in the cleavage of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer ‘s disease. An antibody (named ACP3) against activated caspase 3 was raised in rabbit. This antibody recognizes the active form of human caspase 3, p20/p17 subunit but does not recognize the proenzyme p32.
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C; make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse and Rat
Expected Species:
Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide corresponding to the human caspase 3 cleavage site, 6 aa (CGIETD) UniProt: P42574
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunolocalisation (IL), Western blot (WB)
The antibody does not react with the proenzyme p32
Application Details:
1: 500 - 1: 1000 (IL), 1:3000-1:1000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum. Contains 0.05 % sodium azide.
Molecular Weight:
31,6 | 17 and 19 kDa
Selected references:
Nishimura et al (2003). Upregulation and antiapoptotic role of endogenous Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Exp Cell Res. 2003 Jun 10;286(2):241-51. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4827(03)00066-1. PMID: 12749853.Nishimura et al. (2002) Cell death induced by a caspase-cleaved transmembrane fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. Cell Death Differ. 2002 Feb;9(2):199-208. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400931. PMID: 11840170.
The Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein whose abnormal processing is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. APP695 lacking the protease inhibitor domain is the predominant form in neuronal tissues. APP695 is cleaved by caspases into the 664-residue amino (N)-terminal fragment that lacks the carboxyl C-terminal 31-residues (APPC31) and the 31-residues C-terminal fragment (APP-C31). Both fragments might be potent inducers of neuronal apoptosis. An antibody (named ACT1) against the N-terminus of caspase 3-generated APP C-terminal 31 aa of human APP695 (APP-C31 ) was raised in rabbit.
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C; make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Expected Species:
Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal of human caspase 3-generated APP C-terminal 31 amino acids (aa 665-670) UniProt: P05067
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunolocalisation (IL), Western blot (WB)
Nishimura et al. (2002) Cell death induced by a caspase-cleaved transmembrane fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. Cell Death Differ. 2002 Feb;9(2):199-208. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400931. PMID: 11840170.
The Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein whose abnormal processing is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. APP695 lacking the protease inhibitor domain is the predominant form in neuronal tissues. APP695 is cleaved by caspases into the 664-residue amino (N)-terminal fragment that lacks the carboxyl C-terminal 31-residues (APP delataC31) and the 31-residues C-terminal fragment (APP-C31). APP delta C31 potentially plays pathophysiological roles in neuronal death.
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C; make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, mouse, rat
Expected Species:
Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal of the caspase 3-cleaved human APP (aa 658-664 of human APP695) UniProt: P05067
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunolocalisation (IL), Western blot (WB)
Nishimura et al (2003). Upregulation and antiapoptotic role of endogenous Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Exp Cell Res. 2003 Jun 10;286(2):241-51. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4827(03)00066-1. PMID: 12749853.Nishimura et al. (2002) Cell death induced by a caspase-cleaved transmembrane fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. Cell Death Differ. 2002 Feb;9(2):199-208. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400931. PMID: 11840170.
Nucleaoprotein (N) of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV (human) plays a fundamental role during virion assembly through packaging of the positive strand viral genome RNA into a helical ribonucleocapsid (RNP).Alternative names: NC, Protein N, Nucleocapsid protein
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C or -80°C. Make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human Nucleoprotein (N) of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV
Immunogen:
Recombinant Human Novel Coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) (1-419aa), UniProt: P0DTC9
Affinity chrompatography purified in 10 mM PBS, pH 7.4, 50 % glycerol, 0.03% Proclin 300.
Molecular Weight:
48 | 55 kDa
Special application note:
This product is a capture antibody, which can be combined with Detection antibody: AS21 4577 | Anti-Nucleoprotein (N) of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV (human), monoclonal antibodiesand Positive control: AS20 4388 | Human Novel Coronavirus Nucleoprotein(N)
Nucleaoprotein (N) of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV (human) plays a fundamental role during virion assembly through packaging of the positive strand viral genome RNA into a helical ribonucleocapsid (RNP).Alternative names: NC, Protein N, Nucleocapsid protein
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C or -80°C. Make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human Nucleoprotein (N) of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV
Immunogen:
Recombinant Human Novel Coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) (1-419aa), UniProt: P0DTC9
Affinity chrompatography purified in 10 mM PBS, pH 7.4, 50 % glycerol, 0.03% Proclin 300.
Molecular Weight:
48 | 55 kDa
Special application note:
This is a detection antibody, which can be combined with Capture antibody:AS21 4576 | Anti-Nucleoprotein (N) of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV (human), monoclonal antibodies and Positive control: AS20 4388 | Human Novel Coronavirus Nucleoprotein(N)
GFP (Green fluorescent protein) was originally identified in photo organs on jellyfish Aequorea victoria. It is a naturally fluorescent protein which emits green light at a maximum wavelength of 509 nm when excited by blue or UV light. It is extensively used in laboratory as a reporter molecule to label and study cellular and subcellular proteins in living cells using a wide range of applications. Antibodies to GFP protein are used in immunoblotting and ELISA. GFP protein has molecular weight of 27 kDa.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C, Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
EGFP, S65T-GFP, RS-GFP, YFP
Immunogen:
Recombinant, His-tagged EGFP protein from Aequorea victoria, UniProt: P42212
Applications:
Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Western blot (WB)
Tatsumi et al. (2017). G196 epitope tag system: a novel monoclonal antibody, G196,recognizes the small, soluble peptide DLVPR with high affinity. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 7;7:43480.doi: 10.1038/srep43480. (Immunofluorescence, Western blot)
Lysine-tRNA ligase is located in chloroplast and involved in circadian rhytm.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from Lysine-tRNA ligase protein sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: Q39101, TAIR: AT3G01060
This protein is present in very low levels, therefore western blot conditions need to be adjusted by higher protein load/well and usage of a very sensitive detection system
RuvA protein of Escherichia coli binds specifically to the Holliday structure which is the intermediate of recombination at the late stage of homologous recombination and recombination repair, and forms a complex with RuvB motor protein, allowing the migration of Holliday junction using ATP hydrolysis energy and expands the heteroduplex region. In solution, it forms a tetramer and binds to the cross-like DNA of the Holliday junction from below and above, holding it in between
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°Cfor up to 6 monthss, for longer storage-80°Cis recommended; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Escherichia coli
Immunogen:
Purified, full length RuvA protein of Escherichia coli, UniProt: P0A809
RuvB protein of Escherichia coli forms a complex with RuvA protein and the complex promotes branch migration of Holliday junction at the late stage of homologous recombination and recombination repair. RuvB is a DNA motor protein which possesses the ATPase activity, activated by DNA and RuvA protein. RuvB in the absence of ATP, it predominantly occurs in a monomer form. In the presence of ATP, it forms dimer and hexamer depending upon the concentration. With RuvA and Holliday junction., it forms a double hexamer.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°Cfor up to 6 monthss, afterwards at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Escherichia coli
Immunogen:
Purified, full length, recombinant RuvB protein from E.coli, UniProt: P0A812
E. coli RuvC protein is a structurally specific endonuclease which binds specifically to the Holliday structure, an intermediate of recombination, at the late stage of homologous recombination and recombination repair and introduces nicks at the symmetrical points of the Holliday junction, cleaving and resolving the recombinant.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°Cfor 6 monthss, afterwards at -80 C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Escherichia coli
Immunogen:
Purified, full length, recombinant RuvC protein from E.coli, UniProt: P0A814
Ichiyanagi et al. (1998). Mutational analysis on structure-function relationship of a holliday junction specific endonuclease RuvC. Genes Cells. 1998 Sep;3(9):575-86. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1998.00213.x. PMID: 9813108.Shinagawa & Iwasaki (1996). Processing the holliday junction in homologous recombination. Trends Biochem Sci. 1996 Mar;21(3):107-11. PMID: 8882584.Saito et al (1995). Identification of four acidic amino acids that constitute the catalytic center of the RuvC Holliday junction resolvase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 1;92(16):7470-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7470. PMID: 7638215; PMCID: PMC41361.
Histones are the main constituents of the protein part of chromosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are rich in the amino acids arginine and lysine and have been greatly conserved during evolution. Histones pack the DNA into tight masses of chromatin. Two core histones of each class H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble and are wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA to form one octameric nucleosome. Phosphorylation of H3S10 is associated with mitosis.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Expected Species:
Chicken, Drosophila melanogaster, Mouse, Plant, Rat, Xenopus sp.
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide
Applications:
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Dot Blot (Dot), ELISA (ELISA), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Western blot (WB)
PTOX (plastid terminal oxidase) is a component of electron transfer chain responsible for desaturation of phytoene, which prevents the generation of reactive oxygen species. It is involved in the differentiation of plastids: chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. PTOX is expressed ubiquitously in plant tissues and is located in the lumen.Synonymes: IM, IM1, immutants, AOX4, alternative oxidase 4, ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
In most plants it is a minor polypeptide and consequently enrichment by analyzing membrane fractions for example is recommended
Application Details:
1 : 4000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
30 | 37-41 kDa (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
Galdieria sulphuraria, Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Selected references:
Urban, Rogowski & Romanowska (2022), Crucial role of the PTOX and CET pathways in optimizing ATP synthesis in mesophyll chloroplasts of C3 and C4 plants, Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 202, October 2022, 105024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2022.105024Pralon et al. (2020). Mutation of the Atypical Kinase ABC1K3 Partially Rescues the PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 6 Phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front. Plant Sci., 25 March 2020Bolte et al. (2020). Dynamics of the localization of the plastid terminal oxidase PTOX inside the chloroplast. J Exp Bot. 2020 Feb 15. pii: eraa074. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa074.Cournac et al. (2000b). Flexibility in photosynthetic electron transport: a newly identified chloroplast oxidase involved in chlororespiration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2000 Oct 29;355(1402):1447-54Cournac et al. (2000a). Electron flow between photosystem II and oxygen in chloroplasts of photosystem I-deficient algae is mediated by a quinol oxidase involved in chlororespiration. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 9;275(23):17256-62.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing proclin if requested
ATP synthase is the universal enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and phosphate using the energy stored in a transmembrane ion gradient. AtpA is the largest subunit of the membrane-extrinsic ATP synthase subcomplex.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Colemanosphaera charkowiensis, Eudorina elegans,Gonium pectorale, Pandorina colemaniae, Pleodorina starrii, Volvox africanus, Yamagishiella unicocca Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
CF 1 alpha subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase complex isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, UniProt: P26526
GST-tag (glutathione S-transferase) is a tag added to N-terminus of a protein of interest as a fusion protein to unable purification and detection. The tag is 220 amino acid long, ca. 26 kDa which makes it quite large compare to Myc or FLAG tags.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C, Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
GST-tag
Immunogen:
Recombinant, full size GST, amino acids 1-212, NCBI: AAA57089
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Western blot (WB)
CD11b is a membranous protein with a role in adhesive interactions of many leukocytes, especially macrophages, and subsets of lymphocytes. The expression of CD11b increases during maturation and expression levels vary depending on the type of cell. CD11b can be used as common myeloid and NK cell marker. Useful marker for acute promyelocytic leukemia, hair cell leukemia and AML differentiations. Systemic lupus erythematosus is also shown to be associated with CD11b dysfunction.
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is an enzyme playing a crucial role in the fermentative metabolism in plants subjected to low oxygen stress. It is known to be synthesized preferentially under low oxygen conditions.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Allyl alcohol dehydrogenase of Nicotiana tabacum, accession 75206691 and in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Selected references:
Czernicka et al. (2022). Proteomic Studies of Roots in Hypoxia-Sensitive and -Tolerant Tomato Accessions Reveal Candidate Proteins Associated with Stress Priming. Cells. 2022 Jan 31;11(3):500. doi: 10.3390/cells11030500. PMID: 35159309; PMCID: PMC8834170.Ventura et al. (2020). Arabidopsis phenotyping reveals the importance of alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase for aerobic plant growth. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 7;10(1):16669. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73704-x. PMID: 33028901; PMCID: PMC7542448.Gil-Monreal et al. (2019). ERF-VII transcription factors induce ethanol fermentation in response to amino acid biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides. J Exp Bot. 2019 Aug 6. pii: erz355. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz355.Bui et al. (2019). Conservation of ethanol fermentation and its regulation in land plants. J Exp Bot. 2019 Feb 28. pii: erz052. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz052.De la Rosa et al. (2019), A dicistronic precursor encoding miR398 and the legume-specific miR2119 coregulates CSD1 and ADH1 mRNAs in response to water deficit. Plant Cell Environ. 2019 Jan;42(1):133-144. doi: 10.1111/pce.13209.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
α-Amylases are hydrolytic enzymes responsible for the mobilization of the starch into metabolizable sugars. This process provides the energy for the growth of roots and shoots and is crucial during germination of cereal seeds.These enzymes are coded by a multigene family and even thought other amylolytic enzyme participate in the process of starch breakdown, the contribution of α-amylase is the prerequisite for the initiation of this process.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Oryza sativa, Panicum virgatum
Expected Species:
Cereals, Hordeum vulgare, Kalanchoe laxifloraSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from known Oryza sativa P17654
Ye et al. (2018). Natural variation in the promoter of rice calcineurin B-like protein10 (OsCBL10) affects flooding tolerance during seed germination among rice subspecies. Plant J. 2018 May;94(4):612-625. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13881.
Special application note:
Antibody will detect all alpha amylase isoforms from rice, barley and other cereals
Post-translational modifications of proteins play critical roles in the regulation and function of many known biological processes. Proteins can be post-translationally modified in many different ways, and a common posttranscriptional modification of Lysine involves acetylation (1). The conserved amino-terminal domains of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) contain lysines that are acetylated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) (2). Protein posttranslational reversible lysine Nε-acetylation and deacetylation have been recognized as an emerging intracellular signaling mechanism that plays critical roles in regulating gene transcription, cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cytoskeletal organization (3).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Bovine, avian
Expected Species:
Higher plants
Immunogen:
acetylated KLH
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunocytochmistry/Immunofluorescence (ICC/IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Western blot (WB)
1 g of this antibody is sufficient to detect acetylated chicken erythrocyte histones (sodium butyrate-treated) using 20 g total protein and ECL detection system
Application Details:
1 : 100 (IHC), 1 : 1000 (WB)
Conjugation:
IgG1
Isotype:
IgG1
Purity:
Total IgG fraction. Protein G purified.
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Vigushin & Coombes (2004). Targeted histone deacetylase inhibition for cancer therapy. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 4: 205-218.
Special application note:
Protein G purified IgG2B in PBS, pH 7,4 with 0,09 % sodium azide and 50 % glycerol at concentration 1 mg/mlantibody detects Proteins containing acetylated lysine residues in ELISA and WBs, Does not detect non-acetylated lysine residues
Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is a homotetrameric enzyme (E.C.4.1.1.1) that catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid to acetaldehyde carbon dioxide in the cytoplasm. It is also called 2-oxo-acid carboxylase, and pyruvic decarboxylase. In anaerobic conditions, this enzyme is part of the fermentation process that occurs in yeast, especially the Saccharomyces genus, to produce ethanol by fermentation. Pyruvate decarboxylase starts this process by converting pyruvate into acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. Pyruvate decarboxylase depends on cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and magnesium. This enzyme should not be mistaken for the unrelated enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, an oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.4.1), that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) is partially responsible for acquired pathogen resistance. Induced by INA, salicylic acid and pathogen infection.This product is a recombinant PR-1 protein, trunctated by first 26 amino acids, source: Arabidopsis thaliana, UniProt: P33154, TAIR: At2g14610
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized in glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Concentration: after adding 90 l of sterile milliQ water final concentration of the standard is 0.10 pmoles/ lProtein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50mM DTT.This standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating. It needs to be fully thawed and thoroughly mixed prior to using. Avoid vigorous vortexing, as buffers contain detergent. Following mixing, briefly pulse in a microcentrifuge to collect material from cap.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel.Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Application Details:
Standard curve: 3 loads are recommended eg.0.5, 2 and 4μl.For most applications a sample load of 10-20 μg of protein will provide with a signal in this range.Positive control:a 2μl load per well is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel.Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 90 l of sterile water, Please notice that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized
Molecular Weight:
16,4 kDa
Special application note:
The PR-1 protein standard can be used in combination with anti-PR-1 antibodies to quantitate PR-1 protein. Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorialThis product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
eEF1B-alpha1 protein belongs to a family of elongation factors, proteins which are involved in translational elongation. This protein is a component of elongation factor B-complex which is composed of 2 elongation B-alpha-(1 and 2), 2 elongation factors B-beta (1 and 2) and 2 elongation factors B-gamma (1 and 2). Alternative names:
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Expected Species:
Glycne max, Oryza sativa, Solanum tuberosum, Zea mays, Vitis vinifera Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Recombinant eEF1B-alpha1 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana with no affinity tag,UniProt: Q84WM9, TAIR: At5g12110
Antioxidant system works as a defense against oxidative stress. SOD (superoxide dismutase) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and H202,. SODs are classified, according to their metal cofactor, as FeSOD, MnSOD, or Cu / ZnSOD. Chloroplasts generally contain Cu/ZnSOD and, in a number of plant species, FeSOD
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°C. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Adhikari et al. (2018). Sulfate improves cadmium tolerance by limiting cadmium accumulation, modulation of sulfur metabolism and antioxidant defense system in maize. Environmental and Experimental Botany Volume 153, September 2018, Pages 143-162.Bastow et al. (2018). Vacuolar Iron Stores Gated by NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 Are the Primary Source of Iron in Germinating Seeds. Plant Physiol. 2018 Jul;177(3):1267-1276. doi: 10.1104/pp.18.00478.Alch et al. (1998). Identification and immunolocalization of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes of olive pollen". Physiol. Plantarum 104, 772-776.
Special application note:
Total IgY concentration is 2.3 mg/ml.Reaction of the antibody to chloroplastic SOD isoform has not been determined yet.
The chloroplast ATP synthase belongs to the family of F1-type ATPases, which are also present in bacteria and mitochondria. ATP synthase generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy derived from a trans-thylakoidal electrochemical proton gradient.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at short-term 4 C, Long-term -20 . Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. It ontains 0,01% sodium azide.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Galvis et al. (2020). H+ transport by K+ EXCHANGE ANTIPORTER3 promotes photosynthesis and growth in chloroplast ATP synthase mutants. Plant Physiol. pp.01561.2019. doi: 10.1104/pp.19.01561.Koochak et al. (2019). The structural and functional domains of plant thylakoid membranes. Plant J. 2019 Feb;97(3):412-429. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14127.Lv et al. (2019). Uncoupled Expression of Nuclear and Plastid Photosynthesis-Associated Genes Contributes to Cell Death in a Lesion Mimic Mutant. Plant Cell. 2019 Jan;31(1):210-230. doi: 10.1105/tpc.18.00813.Gao et al. (2018). A supercomplex, approximately 720 kDa and composed of both photosystem reaction centers, dissipates excess energy by PSI in green macroalgae under salt stress. Plant Cell Physiol. 2018 Oct 8. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcy201.Koochak et al. (2018). The structural and functional domains of plant thylakoid membranes. Plant J. 2018 Oct 12. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14127. (BN-PAGE)Rantala and Tikkanen et al. (2018). Phosphorylation‐induced lateral rearrangements of thylakoid protein complexes upon light acclimation. Plant Direct Vol. 2, Issue 2.Fristedt et al. (2015). The thylakoid membrane protein CGL160 supports CF1CF0 ATP synthase accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 2;10(4):e0121658. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121658. Grieco et al. (2015). Light-harvesting II antenna trimers connect energetically the entire photosynthetic machinery - including both photosystems II and I. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Jun-Jul;1847(6-7):607-19. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Apr 3.Yap at al. (2015). AEF1/MPR25 is implicated in RNA editing of plastid atpF and mitochondrial nad5 and also promotes atpF splicing in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant J. 2015 Jan 13. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12756.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing proClin if requested
HtrA belongs to a serine-type Deg peptidase family, widespread among bacteria and eukaryotes. This family includes three related members HtrA (DegP), HhoA (DegQ) and HhoB (DegS). HtrA is a highly hydrophilic protein and probably resides in a soluble compartment.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store short-term 4°Cand long term at -20 °C. Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Expected Species:
Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, Nostoc sp. Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide (amino acids 159 – 172) specific for Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 HtrA Slr1204
5-hmC | 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. It may have an important roles distinct from that of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; for long term storage Store at -80 C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
5-fC (5-formylcytosine) is a known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
CD117 is a cell membrane protein encoded by the c-kit proto-oncogene. CD117 is expressed in mast cells, skin melanocytes and interstitial Cajal cells (ICC). These cells show a strong membrane and cytoplasmic staining. CD117 is also expressed in various epithelia (salivary glands, renal tubular cells etc.). Appendix serves as a good positive and negative control tissue. Neoplasms such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), mast cell neoplasms and many other (seminoma, Mercel cell carcinoma etc.) express CD117. This antibody (together with DOG-1, CD34, SMA) is of great importance in the diagnosis of GIST, because of specific treatment of GIST patient with Gleveec.
Beta-Catenin is a member of catenin family together with alpha and gamma catenin. It mediates cell-cell adhesion with cadherins and it is key regulatory protein in signaling through the WNT pathway. Beta catenin has a role in cellular proliferation, differentiation and development. Mutations in beta catenin gene (CTNNB1) leads accumulation of the beta catenin protein in cytoplasm and nucleus in different type of tumors eg. endometrial carcinoma and desmoid tumors. This antibody is useful in differentiation diagnostic of tumors.
mCherry is derived from DsRed, a red fluorescent protein from so-called disc corals of the genus Discosoma. DsRed is a 223 amino acid ~28kDa protein similar in size and properties to GFP, however it produces a red rather than a green fluorochrome. mCherry in its monomeric form is useful for applications such as F rster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET, also known as Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer). The protein is an engineered derivative of one of a family of proteins originally isolated from Cnidarians (jelly fish, sea anemones and corals).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
mCherry
Expected Species:
mScarlett
Immunogen:
Recombinant full length mCherry expressed and purified from E. coli.
Applications:
Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunofluorescence (IF), Western blot (WB)
AMACR (alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase) has been recently described as prostate cancer-specific gene that encodes a protein involved in the beta-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids. Expression of AMACR protein is found in prostatic adenocarcinoma but not in benign prostatic tissue. It stains premalignant lesions of prostate: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. AMACR can be used as a positive marker for PIN. Defects in AMACR are the cause of congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 4 (CBAS4); also known as cholestasis, intrahepatic, with defective conversion of trihydroxycoprostanic acid to cholic acid or trihydroxycoprostanic acid in bile. Clinical features include neonatal jaundice, intrahepatic cholestasis, bile duct deficiency and absence of cholic acid from bile.
Beta-Catenin is a member of catenin family together with alpha and gamma catenin. It mediates cell-cell adhesion with cadherins and it is key regulatory protein in signaling through the WNT pathway. Beta catenin has a role in cellular proliferation, differentiation and development. Mutations in beta catenin gene (CTNNB1) leads accumulation of the beta catenin protein in cytoplasm and nucleus in different type of tumors eg. endometrial carcinoma and desmoid tumors. This antibody is useful in differentiation diagnostic of tumors.
Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a member of the zinc metalloenzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide and is anchored to cell membrane. CA9 is expressed in human gastrointestinal tract, chiefly in stomach, and bile ducts of liver. In neoplasia, high expression levels have been reported in different carcinomas, especially in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. CA9 is also upregulated in hypoxia.
B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2) is an inhibitor of apoptosis, and its expression is generally abundant in cells which dividing and differentiating. In lymphatic tissue, Bcl-2 is highly expressed in T-cells, maturating B cells as well as mature B-cells. However, expression level in germinal center B-cells is downregulated. Overexpression of the Bcl-2 is common in leukemia and various carcinomas and sarcomas. Overexpression is common especially in non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Bcl-2 is helpful to classification of the follicular lymphoma or other lymphomas
Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein and it is expressed in neurons and in nervous system. Calretinin is also expressed in mesothelial cells and steroid producing cells eg. Leydig cells and adrenal cortical cells as well as fat cells and some neuroendocrine cells. Calretinin located in the cells to nucleus and cytoplasm. Calretinin is useful for mesothelioma diagnostic (differentiate diagnostic between mesothelioma from carcinoma) and it is expressed in most malignant mesothelioma.
SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV S protein of Novel Coronavirus (human) its role is to attache the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor (ACE2) and initiating the infection. Alternative names: S, S1, S1-RBD, Spike glycoprotein.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal recombinant
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C or -80 C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human Novel SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV S protein
Immunogen:
Recombinant Human Novel Coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S) (16-685aa), UniProt: P0DTC2 Antigen sequence has highest homology to Spike protein S1.
Recombinant anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike Mouse ScFv is expressed in 293 cells (HEK293) with a human IgG1 Fc tag on C-terminal. Therefore, anti-human IgG1 Fcγ (gamma chain), secondary antibody has to be used: AS20 4390
Caveolin-1 is a protein which is major structural component of the cell membrane caveolae. Caveolae is structure of the cell membrane invagination. Caveolin-1 is widely expressed in the normal tissue, eg. muscle tissue, vascular endothelia, fibroblasts and adipocytes. Caveolin-1 is useful in lung marker panel, especially in differentiating diagnosis of the epithelioid mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma.
CD10 is a 100kDa glycoprotein, also designated Common Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA). It is a cell surface enzyme with neutral metalloendopeptidase activity which inactivates a variety of biologically active peptides. CD10 is expressed on the cells of lymphoblastic, Burkitts, and follicular germinal center lymphomas, and on cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). It is also expressed on the surface of normal early lymphoid progenitor cells, immature B cells within adult bone marrow and germinal center B cells within lymphoid tissue. CD10 is also present on breast myoepithelial cells, bile canaliculi, fibroblasts, with especially high expression on the brush border of kidney and gut epithelial cells.
Nucleaoprotein (N) of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV (human) plays a fundamental role during virion assembly through packaging of the positive strand viral genome RNA into a helical ribonucleocapsid (RNP).Alternative names: NC, Protein N, Nucleocapsid protein
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal recombinant (clone 1A6)
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C or -80 C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human Nucleoprotein (N) of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/ 2019-nCoV
Immunogen:
Recombinant Human Novel Coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) (1-419aa), UniProt: P0DTC9
Recombinant anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein Mouse ScFv were expressed in 293 cells (HEK293) with a human IgG1 Fc tag on C-terminal. Therefore, anti-human IgG1 Fc, secondary antibody has to be used: AS10 791 | Anti-Human IgG Fc, HRP conjugated, goat antibodiesAS10 797 | Anti-Human IgG Fc, HRP conjugated, min. cross-reactivity bovine/mouse/rabbit serum, goat antibodiesAS10 787 | Anti-Human IgG Fc, ALP conjugated, goat antibodies AS10 793 | Anti-Human IgG Fc, ALP conjugated, min. cross-reactivity to bovine/mouse/rabbit serum, goat antibodies
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor which is activated by binding of either of the androgenic hormones testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus. The androgen receptor is most closely related to the progesterone receptor, and progestins in higher dosages can block the androgen receptor. The main function of the androgen receptor is as a DNA binding transcription factor which regulates gene expression; however, the androgen receptor has other functions as well. Androgen regulated genes are critical for the development and maintenance of the male sexual phenotype.
Lhcb4 (CP29) is a member of the family of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins, which is conserved in higher plants and green algae. Lhcb4 is associated with Photosystem II serving both as a light-harvesting antenna protein as well as playing a role in photoprotective dissipation of excitation energy. The Chlamydomonas homolog of plant Lhcb4 has also been denoted as Lhcbm4.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris
Expected Species:
Gonium pectorale, Tetrabaena socialis Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from Lhcb4 (CP29, Lhcbm4) protein sequence from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Q93WD2
For Lhcb4 protein detection in higher plants use antibody: AS04 045 Anti-Lhcb4 | CP29 chlorophyll a/b binding protein of plant PSII, rabbit antibodies
Selected references:
Cecchin et al (2021) LPA2 protein is involved in photosystem II assembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J. 2021 Jul 4. doi: 10.1111/tpj.15405. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34218480.Koh et al. (2019). Heterologous synthesis of chlorophyll b in Nannochloropsis salina enhances growth and lipid production by increasing photosynthetic efficiency. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2019 May 14;12:122. doi: 10.1186/s13068-019-1462-3. eCollection 2019.Jeong et al. (2017). Deletion of the chloroplast LTD protein impedes LHCI import and PSI-LHCI assembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Exp Bot. 2017 Dec 30. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erx457.Shin et al. (2017), Complementation of a mutation in CpSRP43 causing partial truncation of light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna in Chlorella vulgaris. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 20;7(1):17929. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18221-0.Muranaka et al. (2015). TEF30 interacts with photosystem II monomers and is involved in the repair of photodamaged photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 2015 Dec 7. pii: pp.01458.2015.
Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase is an enzyme in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. This isoform is encoded by a single nuclear gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The abundance of the protein increases in copper deficient cells. The protein is localized to the chloroplast.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Physcomitrium patens
Expected Species:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
residues 32-366 from mature coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, isoform CPX1 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii fused to TrxA Q9S7V1
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Lang et al. (2011).Simultaneous isolation of pure and intact chloroplasts and mitochondria from moss as the basis for sub-cellular proteomics. Plant Cell Rep. Feb;30(2):205-15. (reactivity confirmed for Physcomitrella patens).Quinn et al. (1999) Induction of Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase in Chlamydomonas Chloroplasts Occurs via Transcriptional Regulation of Cpx1 Mediated by Copper-Response Elements and Increased Translation from a Copper-Deficiency-Specific Form of the Transcript. J. Biol. Chem. 274:14444-14454.
Glucagon is a common constituent of endocrine pancreatic tumors and of rectal carcinoids. The antibody is specific to pancreatic glucagon. Absorption with 10-100 ug glucagon per ml diluted antiserum abolishes the staining. Positive control: Bouin-fixed paraffin sections of cat pancreas.
Hordeum vulgare Pht1-1 and 1-2 are putative high-affinity barley phosphate transporters that are likely to function in phosphate uptake from the soil (expressed in root epidermal cells).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Hordeum vulgare
Expected Species:
Triticum aestivumSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
two synthetic peptides from the loop region of Pht1-1 (Q8H6E0) and 1-2, conjugated to KLH
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunolocalization (IL), Western blot (WB)
Antibody cannot discriminate between Pht1-1 or Pht1-2 due to the high level of sequence conservation
Application Details:
1 : 10 000 (ELISA), 1: 100 (IL), 1 : 2000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
56.9 kDa
Not reactive in:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Selected references:
Namyslov et al. (2020). Exodermis and Endodermis Respond to Nutrient Deficiency in Nutrient-Specific and Localized Manner. Plants (Basel). 2020 Feb 6;9(2). pii: E201. doi: 10.3390/plants9020201. (immunolocalization)
Scribble human homologue, hScrib, is a substrate of ubiquitin-mediated degradation by human papillomavirus E6 and the E6AP ubiquitin-protein ligase. hScrib is localised to the basolateral regions of the epithelial cell line MDCK. The mammalian homolog of Scribble has a primary structure and subcellular localization similar to that of its fly homolog, but its function remains unknown. hScrib can have a potential role in the suppression of mammalian tumorigenesis. Alternative name: Protein LAP4
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Expected Species:
Human
Immunogen:
GST tagged C-terminus of hScrib Q14160 including PDZ3 and 4 domains
The PsbH protein was originally named 10- or 9-kDa phosphoprotein in higher plant chloroplasts. It is encoded by the plastome in algae and higher plants. PsbH is also present in cyanobacteria, where it exhibits 56% amino acid identity with the corresponding protein from Arabidopsis. The protein contains 63–90 amino acids, depending on the species, with molecular masses between 7.0 and 9.9 kDa.PsbH is an intrinsic membrane protein with a single transmembrane helix and its N-terminal region has been suggested to be exposed to the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane. Presence of PsbH already present in etiolated tissue can indicate that the protein may be involved in early stages of PSII assembly.Obtained biochemical data from PSII complexes isolated from spinach suggest that PsbH, together with other PSII phosphoproteins, may be required for D1 protein turnover by regulating dimeric and monomeric PSII transition through their phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
LMW proteins can sometimes interfere with chlorophyll, but most chlorophyll can be removed by precipitating sample in acetone before loading on a gel.Protocol: Add acetone to final concentration of 80% ice-cold acetone. Leave 10 minutes. Spin. Rresuspend pellet in solubilisation buffer and load on a gel.
Application Details:
1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
7.7 | 4 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Hackett et al. (2017). An Organelle RNA Recognition Motif Protein Is Required for Photosystem II Subunit psbF Transcript Editing. Plant Physiol. 2017 Apr;173(4):2278-2293. doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01623.Levey et al. (2014). Expression of a nuclear-encoded psbH gene complements the plastidic RNA processing defect in the PSII mutant hcf107 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2014 Oct;80(2):292-304. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12632. Epub 2014 Sep 8.Verhoeven et al. (2009). Seasonal changes in abundance and phosphorylation status of photosynthetic proteins in eastern white pine and balsam fir. Tree Physiol. 29:361-374.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
PsbP - 23 kDa extrinsic protein of photosystem II (PSII). Processing of the protein results in a protein with molecular mass of around 20 kDa. PsbP is required to optimize water splitting process in PSII, by probab y by optimisation of calcium and Cl- levels. The protein is found in higher plants and algae but is not conserved in cyanobacteria. Synonymes:Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2-1, chloroplastic, OEE2, 23 kDa subunit of oxygen evolving system of photosystem II, OEC 23 kDa subunit, OEC23, 23 kDa thylakoid membrane protein
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Mazur et al. (2021) The SnRK2.10 kinase mitigates the adverse effects of salinity by protecting photosynthetic machinery. Plant Physiol. 2021 Dec 4;187(4):2785-2802. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiab438. PMID: 34632500; PMCID: PMC8644180.Tamburino et al. (2017). Chloroplast proteome response to drought stress and recovery in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). BMC Plant Biol. 2017 Feb 10;17(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12870-017-0971-0.Pavlovi? et al. (2016). Light-induced gradual activation of photosystem II in dark-grown Norway spruce seedlings. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Feb 18. pii: S0005-2728(16)30028-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.009.Albanese et al. (2016). Isolation of novel PSII-LHCII megacomplexes from pea plants characterized by a combination of proteomics and electron microscopy. Photosynth Res. 2016 Jan 9.Grassl et al. (2012). Early events in plastid protein degradation in stay-green Arabidopsis reveal differential regulation beyond the retention of LHCII and chlorophyll. J. Proteome Res. October 2.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
Cor14b is a nuclear encoded protein localized in chloroplast whose expression level has been associated with frost and photoinhibition tolerance in monocots.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Hordeum vulgare
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide conserved in cor14b sequence of Hordeum vulgare, cor14c UniProt Q8H0Q4 and Triticum aestivum, REP13 of Secale cereale
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Rapacz et al. (2008). The effect of cold acclimation on photosynthetic apparatus and the expression of COR14b in four genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) contrasting in their tolerance to freezing and high light treatment in cold. Ann. Bot. 101: 689-699.
ClpC is a chloroplastic protein of the Hsp100 family. It is believed to function as a housekeeping enzyme, both in its capacity as an independent molecular chaperone and as the regulatory component of the Clp protease.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
1 : 1000 (IHC), 1 : 5000 on 10 g of total protein, (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
92 | 87 kDa
Not reactive in:
Different strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Selected references:
Jiang et al. (2020). Plastid chaperone HSP90C guides precursor proteins to the SEC translocase for thylakoid transport. J Exp Bot. 2020 Aug 27;eraa399.doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa399. Lee et al. (2018). Prolines in Transit Peptides Are Crucial for Efficient Preprotein Translocation into Chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 2018 Jan;176(1):663-677. doi: 10.1104/pp.17.01553. Epub 2017 Nov 20.Hu et al. (2015). Site-specific Nitrosoproteomic Identification of Endogenously S-Nitrosylated Proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2015 Feb 19. pii: pp.00026.2015.Rosano et al. (2011). Insights into the Clp/HSP100 chaperone system from chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. Aug 26;286(34):29671-80. (Western blot, Arabidopsis thaliana)Karradt et al. (2008) NblA, a Key Protein of Phycobilisome Degradation, Interacts with ClpC, a HSP100 Chaperone Partner of a Cyanobacterial Clp Protease. J Biol Chem 283: 32394-32403.
Special application note:
Anti-ClpC antibodies will also recognized Arabidopsis thaliana isoform ClpC1 (At5g50920) and ClpC2 (At3g48870).
HSP90C is a nuclear-encoded, chloroplast-targeted chaperone of the HSP90 family. It forms dimers that interact with HSP70B. HSP90C displays a weak ATPase activity that is inhibited by radicicol.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Ostreococcus sp. Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
C-terminal 238 amino acids of HSP90C, Q66T67, expressed with N- and C-terminal hexahistidine tags in E. coli, purified with Ni-NTA
HSP90C protein is easily degraded and degradation products are detected by this antibody
Application Details:
1 : 3000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
89 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Cvetkovska et al. (2022) A constitutive stress response is a result of low temperature growth in the Antarctic green alga Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241. Plant, Cell & Environment, 45, 156– 177. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14203Perlaza et al. (2019). The Mars1 kinase confers photoprotection through signaling in the chloroplast unfolded protein response. Elife. 2019 Oct 15;8. pii: e49577. doi: 10.7554/eLife.49577.Willmund & Schroda (2005). HSP90C is a bona-fide Hsp90 that interacts with plastidic HSP70B in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Phys. 138, 2310–2322.
HSP70B is a nuclear-encoded, chloroplast-targeted chaperone of the HSP70 family. It is the major HSP70 in the stroma of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts. It interacts with HSP90C, CGE1, CDJ2, and VIPP1.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Cvetkovska et al. (2022) A constitutive stress response is a result of low temperature growth in the Antarctic green alga Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241. Plant, Cell & Environment, 45, 156– 177. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14203Gonzaga Heredia-Martinez et al. (2018). Chloroplast damage induced by the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis triggers autophagy in Chlamydomonas. Plant Physiol, Sept. 2018.Diaz-Troya et al. (2011). Inhibition of protein synthesis by TOR inactivation revealed a conserved regulatory mechanism of the BiP chaperone in Chlamydomonas. Plant Physiol, in press.
The PsbO protein is an extrinisic subunit of the water splitting photosystem II (PSII) complex. The protein is exposed on the luminal side of the thylakoid membrane, and is hihgly conserved in all known oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Alternative names of PsbO1 include 33 kDa subunit of oxygen evolving system of photosystem II, OEC 33 kDa subunit, 33 kDa thylakoid membrane protein, manganese-stabilizing protein 1 and for PsbO2 33 kDa subunit of oxygen evolving system of photosystem II, OEC 33 kDa subunit, 33 kDa thylakoid membrane protein, manganese-stabilizing protein 2.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Mazur et al. (2021) The SnRK2.10 kinase mitigates the adverse effects of salinity by protecting photosynthetic machinery. Plant Physiol. 2021 Dec 4;187(4):2785-2802. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiab438. PMID: 34632500; PMCID: PMC8644180.Toubiana et al. (2020). Correlation-based Network Analysis Combined With Machine Learning Techniques Highlight the Role of the GABA Shunt in Brachypodium Sylvaticum Freezing Tolerance. Sci Rep , 10 (1), 4489Wang et al. (2019). YR36/WKS1-mediated Phosphorylation of PsbO, an Extrinsic Member of Photosystem II, Inhibits Photosynthesis and Confers Stripe Rust Resistance in Wheat. Mol Plant. 2019 Oct 14. pii: S1674-2052(19)30330-2. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.10.005.An et al. (2019). Protein cross-interactions for efficient photosynthesis in the cassava cultivar SC205 relative to its wild species. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Jul 19. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00046.Rozp?dek et al. (2018). Acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus and alterations in sugar metabolism in response to inoculation with endophytic fungi. Plant Cell Environ. 2018 Dec 5. doi: 10.1111/pce.13485.
Special application note:
Loading based on 50-100 ng of chlorophyll is enough to obtain good signal with this antibody
Lci5 protein is encoded by the nuclear gene lci5, which is induced during the acclimation to low CO2 conditions in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The Lci5 protein is peripherally associated with the stroma side of thylakoid membranes. In addition, this protein is heavily phosphorylated (7 sites, 3 Threonine and 4 serine residues, as shown by mass spec anlaysis) in cells growing under low CO2 concentrations in the medium or during state transitions (state 2). Microarray analysis showed that the gene is up-regulated 3 times during the acclimation to low CO2 conditions.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Immunogen:
KLH-comjugated synthetic peptide chosen from a sequence of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Lci5 protein A8IGD9
CGE1 is a nuclear-encoded, chloroplast-targeted co-chaperone of chloroplast HSP70B. It forms dimers that interact with HSP70B in the ADP-state.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Immunogen:
mature CGE1 protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, UniProt: Q945T1, expressed with N-terminal hexahistidin tag in E. coli, purified with Ni-NTA
HSF1 is a key regulator of the stress response. It becomes hyperphosphorylated following heat shock (results in the shifting of the HSF1 protein to slightly higher MW) and HSF1 protein rapidly accumulates during heat stress. HSF1 appears to be constitutively present as high molecular weight complexes, presumably trimers. It also interacts with cytosolic HSP70A.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Immunogen:
C-terminal part of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii HSF1 (Exons 7 to 9), UniProt: A1YTN3
CDJ1 is one of three zinc-finger containing J domain proteins of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This protein is found in chloroplast. In spite that CDJ1 gene is heat shock inducible it does not reflect in increased CDJ1 protein levels. CDJ1 forms complexes with plastidic HSP90C,HSP70B and CGE1 and is a new cohort protein of the chloroplast multi-chaperone complex.DnaJ/Hsp40 (heat shock protein 40) proteins are highly conserved and play crucial roles in protein translation, folding, unfolding, translocation, and degradation.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Ostreococcus sp. Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
fusion protein encoding region for the Chlamydomonas rerinhardtii N-terminal part of CDJ1 Q66YD3, overexpressed in E.coli
Western blot has been done on 10-50 g load per well; immunoprecipitation has been done on 5-50 l
Application Details:
1, 3000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
40 | 40 kDa
Not reactive in:
Higher plants
Selected references:
Willmund et al (2008). The chloroplast DnaJ homolog CDJ1 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is part of a multichaperone complex containing HSP70B, CGE1, and HSP90C. Plant Physiol. 148: 2070-2082.
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is the enzyme catalyzing the ascorbate-dependent reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Ascorbate (AA) plays a key role in defense against oxidative stress and is particularly abundant in fruits and photosynthetic tissues. AA is found in every compartment of the plant cell including the apoplast.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
B gue et al. (2019). CDC48 regulates ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco. J Exp Bot. 2019 Mar 1. pii: erz097. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz097.Wang et al. (2018). Resistance protein Pit interacts with the GEF OsSPK1 to activate OsRac1 and trigger rice immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Nov 16. pii: 201813058. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1813058115. Bal žov et al. (2018). Zinc oxide nanoparticles phytotoxicity on halophyte from genus Salicornia. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Sep;130:30-42. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.013.Adhikari et al. (2018). Sulfate improves cadmium tolerance by limiting cadmium accumulation, modulation of sulfur metabolism and antioxidant defense system in maize. Environmental and Experimental Botany Volume 153, September 2018, Pages 143-162.Ferrer et al. (2018). Differential Pb tolerance in metallicolous and non-metallicolous Zygophyllum fabago populations involves the strengthening of the antioxidative pathways. Environ & Exp Botany, Vo. 150, June 2018, Pages 141-151.Aroca et al. (2015). S-sulfhydration: a new post-translational modification in plant systems. Plant Physiology March 2015 pp.00009.2015.Terrile et al. (2014). Nitric oxide-mediated cell death is triggered by chitosan in F. eumartii spores. Pest Manag Sci. 2014 Apr 25. doi: 10.1002/ps.3814.Tsaniklidis et al. (2013). L-Ascorbic acid metabolism in parthenocarpic and seeded cherry tomatoes. Plant Growth Regul,DOI 10.1007/s10725-013-9845-0. (Solanum lycopersicum, immunolocalization)
Galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) is the enzyme which catalyses last step of ascorbic acid (AA) synthesis in the mitochondria of plant cells. Alternative name: GaLDH
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Mitochondrial, membrane or meristematic fractions were shown to be richer in GLDH expression
Application Details:
1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
68 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Chen et al. (2019). Composition of Mitochondrial Complex I during the Critical Node of Seed Aging in Oryza sativa. Journal of Plant Physiology Volume 236, May 2019, Pages 7-14.Schimmeyer et al. (2016). L-Galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase is an assembly factor of the membrane arm of mitochondrial complex I in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol. 2016 Jan;90(1-2):117-26. doi: 10.1007/s11103-015-0400-4. Epub 2015 Oct 31.Ostaszewska-Bugajska et al. (2016). Changes in the OXPHOS system in leaf and root mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to long-term sulphur deficiency. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 38:141.Bartoli et al. (2005). Ascorbate content in wheat leaves is not determined by maximal L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity under drought stress. Plant Cell Environ 28:1073-1081.
Glutathione synthetase (GSH-S) catalyses the last step of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. GSH is synthesized in two ATP-dependent steps: in the first, gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC) is synthesized from L-glutamate and cysteine, catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (g-ECS); in the second step, catalysed by GSH-S, glycine is added to the C-terminal end of gamma-EC. GSH is the predominant non-protein thiol in all nearly where it acts as an antioxidant in stress responses and as a mobile pool of reduced sulfur. It is also important in the regulation of plant growth and development
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Immunolocalization has been done for Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum
Application Details:
1 : 2000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
45 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Sun et a. (2019). Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of the Hairy Roots of Brassica campestris L. in Response to Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 26;21(1). pii: E180. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010180.Jayawardena et al. (2016). Elevated CO2 plus chronic warming reduces nitrogen uptake and levels or activities of nitrogen -uptake and -assimilatory proteins in tomato roots. Physiol Plant. 2016 Nov 28. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12532. [Epub ahead of print]Baojian et al. (2014). Maize (Zea mays L.) seedling leaf nuclear proteome and differentially expressed proteins between a hybrid and its parental lines. Proteomics, DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300147.Gomez et al. (2004) Intercellular distribution of glutathione synthesis in maize leaves and its response to short term chilling. Plant Physiol. 134: 1662-1671.
Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase (gamma-ECS) (EC 6.3.2.2) catalyses the first step of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, producing gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC) from L-glutamate and cysteine. In the second step, catalyzed by GSH-S, glycine is added to the C-terminal end of (gamma-EC). GSH is the predominant non-protein thiol in all nearly where it acts as an antioxidant in stress responses and as a mobile pool of reduced sulfur. It is also important in the regulation of plant growth and development.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Antibodies has been used in immunolocalization on Arabidopsis thaliana.
Application Details:
1 : 5000 (IL), 1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
50 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Shull et al. (2019). Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles induce autophagy and chloroplast degradation in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana). Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Jul 29. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01648.Bal žov et al. (2018). Zinc oxide nanoparticles phytotoxicity on halophyte from genus Salicornia. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Sep;130:30-42. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.013.Sobrino-Plata et al. (2014). Glutathione is a key antioxidant metabolite to cope with mercury and cadmium stress. Plant Soil, DOI 10.1007/s11104-013-2006-4.Ghanta et al. (2011). Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing γ-ECS exhibits biotic stress tolerance likely through NPR1-dependent salicylic acid-mediated pathway. Planta 233(5):895-910.
ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. F-type ATPases have two components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c. The gamma chain is believed to be important in regulating ATPase activity and the flow of protons through the CF(0) complex. Alternative name of gamma subunit is also: F-ATPase gamma subunit.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Apparent molecular weight of subunit gamma (and as general rule most of ATP synthase subunits) is quite different between Chlamydomonas (42 kDa) and higher plants (38 kDa in spinach), see figure in Lemaire et al. (1989).
Pipitone et al. (2021). A multifaceted analysis reveals two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. Elife. 2021 Feb 25;10:e62709. doi: 10.7554/eLife.62709. PMID: 33629953; PMCID: PMC7906606.Storti et al. (2020). The activity of chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex influences the photosynthetic activity of the moss Physcomitrella patens. doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.29.924597Pralon et al. (2019). Plastoquinone homoeostasis by Arabidopsis proton gradient regulation 6 is essential for photosynthetic efficiency. Commun Biol. 2019 Jun 20;2:220. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0477-4.Li et al. (2019). A genome-wide algal mutant library and functional screen identifies genes required for eukaryotic photosynthesis. Nat Genet. 2019 Apr;51(4):627-635. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0370-6.Liang et al. (2018). Thylakoid-Bound Polysomes and a Dynamin-Related Protein, FZL, Mediate Critical Stages of the Linear Chloroplast Biogenesis Program in Greening Arabidopsis Cotyledons. Plant Cell. 2018 Jul;30(7):1476-1495. doi: 10.1105/tpc.17.00972. Epub 2018 Jun 7.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
The PsbA (D1) protein of Photosystem II is rapidly cycled under illumination in all oxygenic photobionts. Disruption of PsbA cycling or losses of PsbA pools are central to photoinhibition of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae and plants under a wide range of conditions including excess light, low temperature and UV exposure. Tracking PsbA pools using the Global PsbA antibody can show the functional content of Photosystem II in a wide range of samples.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Algae (brown and red), Conifers, Cryptomonads, Legumes, Stramenopiles, Euglenoids, Prochlorophytes, XantophytesSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from available plant, algal and cyanobacterial PsbA sequences, including Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: A4QJR4, TAIR: AtCg00020 , Oryza sativa P0C434, Populus alba Q14FH6, Physcomitrella patens Q6YXN7, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P07753, Synechocystis sp. P14660 and many others
The antibody is appropriate for detecting both, 24 kDa or the 10 kDa C-terminal fragments, whichever is generated under given treatment conditions.In our analysis we have seen both, ca. 24 kDa and ca. 10 kDa fragments from different samples, depending on treatments and isolation procedures.This antibody will also detect the phosphorylated form of D1as an alternate band to the main band on a high resolution gel.
Application Details:
1 :4000-1 : 8000, 5 g of total protein, (WB)
Purity:
Purified, total IgY (chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin) in PBS pH 8. Contains 0.02 % sodium azide.
Molecular Weight:
38 | 28-30 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Vitale et al.(2022) Manipulation of light quality is an effective tool to regulate photosynthetic capacity and fruit antioxidant properties of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'Microtom' in a controlled environment. PeerJ. 2022;10:e13677. Published 2022 Jul 1. doi:10.7717/peerj.13677Toubiana et al. (2020). Correlation-based Network Analysis Combined With Machine Learning Techniques Highlight the Role of the GABA Shunt in Brachypodium Sylvaticum Freezing Tolerance. Sci Rep , 10 (1), 4489Sicora et al. (2019). Regulation of PSII function in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 during a light-dark cycle. Photosynth Res. 2019 Mar;139(1-3):461-473. doi: 10.1007/s11120-018-0598-5,Sevilla et al. (2019). Regulation by FurC in Anabaena links the oxidative stress response to photosynthetic metabolism. Plant Cell Physiol. 2019 May 21. pii: pcz094. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcz094.Figlioli et al. (2019). Overall plant responses to Cd and Pb metal stress in maize: Growth pattern, ultrastructure, and photosynthetic activity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan;26(2):1781-1790. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3743-y.
Special application note:
A number of degradation products may be observed when using anti-PsbA antibodies, including products having apparent molecular weights of 24kDa and 16kDa. D1 degradation is a complex set of events and the products observed can be influenced by both the extraction procedure and the physiology of the cells prior to harvest. Third, cross-linking may occur between D1 and cytochrome b559, shifting the protein higher in the gel. In cyanobacteria (PCC7942), three different bands were competed out by preincubating the antibody with the PsbA free peptide, indicating that all bands are indeed PsbA and its precursors or breakdown products. Competition assays were also performed with spinach and Chlamydomonas, confirming the identity of PsbA bands. Anti-PsbA antibodies will not detect D2 protein, as the peptide used to generate PsbA antibodies has no homology to the D2 sequence.Example of a simulataneous western blot detection with RbcL, PsbA and PsaC antibodies.
The psbA gene has been cloned from many species of plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. The psbA gene is located in the chloroplast genome and encodes for the D1 protein, a core component of Photosystem II. PsbA/D1 is rapidly cycled under illumination in all oxygenic photobionts. Tracking PsbA pools using the Global PsbA antibody can show the functional content of Photosystem II in a wide range of samples.This is a recombinant protein standard, source: Synechocystis PCC 6803.
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized in glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Concentration: after adding 95 l of sterile milliQ water final concentration of the standard is 0.25 pmoles/ lProtein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50mM DTT.This standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating. It needs to be fully thawed and thoroughly mixed prior to using. Avoid vigorous vortexing, as buffers contain detergent. Following mixing, briefly pulse in a microcentrifuge to collect material from cap.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel. Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Application Details:
Standard curve: 3 loads are recommended (0.5, 2 and 4μl).For most applications a sample load of 0.2 μg of chlorophyll will give a PsbA signal in this range.Positive control: a 2 μl load per well is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems.Non-disulphie dependent dimers and complexes can be also detected using standard western blot methods with more sensitive detection reagents as ECL Advance or West Pico when loading per well more standard than recommended. They have not been included in the standard calibration.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel. Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 95 l of sterile water, Please notice that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized
Molecular Weight:
The standard has an actual MW of 41,5 kDa, The presence of a His6 tag causes it to run ~1,7 kDa higher on the gel than the native protein, Note that in most systems, PsbA migrates with an apparent MW of between 30 and 35 kDa,
Selected references:
Pipitone et al. (2021). A multifaceted analysis reveals two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. Elife. 2021 Feb 25;10:e62709. doi: 10.7554/eLife.62709. PMID: 33629953; PMCID: PMC7906606.Fern ndez-Gonz lez et al. (2020). Effects of Temperature and Nutrient Supply on Resource Allocation, Photosynthetic Strategy, and Metabolic Rates of Synechococcus Sp . J Phycol . 2020 Mar 4. doi: 10.1111/jpy.12983. Levitan et al. (2019). Structural and functional analyses of photosystem II in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 27;116(35):17316-17322. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906726116.Ryan-Keogh et al. (2018). Seasonal regulation of the coupling between photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation in the Southern Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography.Yuan et al. (2018). Combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on physiological response of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to light challenges. Mar Environ Res. 2018 Apr;135:63-69. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.016.
Special application note:
The PsbA protein standard can be used in combination with global anti-PsbA antibodies to quantitate PsbA from a wide range of species. Global antibodies are raised against highly conserved amino acid sequences in the PsbA protein.Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorialThe goals when doing quantitative work:The sample PsbA must fall somewhere between the upper and lower standard loads. There should be at least 3 points on the standard curve.if possible, try to make the entire range of the curve around one order of magnitude or less (as in the application example).if possible, load <5 g total sample protein.1pmol of PsbA standard is a strong load for chemiluminescence, but may be appropriate for the less sensitive reagents, for example alkaline phosphatase.
Rubisco (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of CO2 fixation in photosynthesis. It is one of the most abundant proteins on Earth and its homology has been demonstrated from purple bacteria to flowering plants.Source of Rubisco standard: Rubisco protein was purified directly from a plant tissue - spinach.
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized in glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Concentration: after re-constitution with sterile milliQ water final concentration of the standard is 0.15 pmoles/ lProtein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50 mM DTT.This standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating. It needs to be fully thawed and thoroughly mixed prior to using. Avoid vigorous vortexing, as buffers contain detergent. Following mixing, briefly pulse in a microcentrifuge to collect material from cap.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel. Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.Please, use the 55 kDa size of RbcL for calculations. The pmoles in the standard refer to pmoles of rbcL monomers.Why can I not see the standard band using Coomasie stain? The reason that you do not see Rubisco standard on a gel is, that you have probably used it in concentration which is recommended for western blot detection, and it is too low to allow to see this protein using Coomasie stain. In such a case, you should load more Rubisco standard on a gel and stain it with more sensitive Coomasie stain or with silver. You can not use such a gel for western blot, as using higher concentration of this standard will not work for quantitation using western blot technique.
Application Details:
Standard curve: three protein standard loads are recommended.For most applications a sample load of 0.2 μg of chlorophyll/well will give a RbcL signal in this range.Positive control: a 2 μl load per well is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems. Higher standard concentration needs to be used to allow detection by Coomasie stains. Such gels with higher standard concentration can not be used for quantitation using chemiluminescence.This standard is stabilized does not require heating before loading on the gel or addition of any buffer.Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 90 l of sterile water, Please notice that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized
Molecular Weight:
52.7 kDa
Selected references:
Capo-Bauca et al. (2023). Carbon assimilation in upper subtidal macroalgae is determined by an inverse correlation between Rubisco carboxylation efficiency and CO2 concentrating mechanism effectiveness. New Phytol. 2023;237(6):2027-2038. doi:10.1111/nph.18624Capo-Bauca et al. (2022) Correlative adaptation between Rubisco and CO2-concentrating mechanisms in seagrasses. Nat Plants. 2022 Jun;8(6):706-716. doi: 10.1038/s41477-022-01171-5. Epub 2022 Jun 20. Erratum in: Nat Plants. 2022 Jun 29;: PMID: 35729266.Perera-Castro et al (2022). Limitations to photosynthesis in bryophytes: certainties and uncertainties regarding methodology. J Exp Bot. 2022;73(13):4592-4604. doi:10.1093/jxb/erac189Poor et al. (2018). Comparison of changes in water status and photosynthetic parameters in wild type and abscisic acid-deficient sitiens mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rheinlands Ruhm) exposed to sublethal and lethal salt stress. J Plant Physiol. 2018 Dec 8;232:130-140. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.015.Dai et al. (2018). Visualizing Individual RuBisCO and its Assembly into Carboxysomes in Marine Cyanobacteria by Cryo-Electron Tomography. J Mol Biol. 2018 Aug 20. pii: S0022-2836(18)30411-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.08.013.
Special application note:
The RbcL protein standard can be used in a combination with Agrisera global antibiodies (AS01 017 from chicken or AS03 037 from a rabbit) to quantitate RbcL from a wide range of species. Global antibodies are raised against highly conserved amino acid sequence. This standard is also included in following kits: Educational antibody kit - photosynthesis, Photosynthesis Tool Kit - quantitation, Rubico quantitation kit,Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorial
14.3.3’s are 30KDa proteins involved in protein interactions with target proteins containing phosphorylated target sites. Functions of 14.3.3’s include acting as adaptors or scaffolds, stimulating protein-protein interaction, altering target protein activity, causing conformational changes of target proteins, regulating subcellular localisation and also facilitating transport (for example nuclear import/export and transport in the endomembrane system). A variety of apparently unrelated biological activities, including a role in development and signal transduction have been ascribed to the 14.3.3 family. To date, five barley 14.3.3 homologues have been identified and characterised and named 14.3.3A through E.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Hordeum vulgare
Expected Species:
Horderum vulgare
Immunogen:
synthetic peptide specific to the barley C isoform, conjugated to KLH
PSII reaction centre components are generating the redox potential required to drive highly oxidizing water splitting reaction. Four Mn atoms are present on a lumenal surface and form the catalyctic site of the water-splitting reaction which is in close association with the 33 kDa (PsbO), 23 kDa (PsbP) and 17 kDa (PsbQ) extrinistic subunits of oxygen evolving complex OEC. A 33-kDa extrinsic protein is also termed the Mn-stabilizing protein (MSP), however recent evidences shown that it is C-terminal domain of PsbA (D1) protein which is involved in in the assembly and stabilization of the OEC.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays
Expected Species:
Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is the major stress-inducible protein in vertebrates and is highly conserved throughout evolution. It plays a role as a molecular chaperone and is important for allowing cells to cope with acute stress or insult, especially those affecting the protein machinery. Heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) is a highly conserved protein and a member of the family of molecular chaperones. Alternative names: HSP70.1, HSP70-1/HSP70-2, Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Fish, mammals, fungi: Antrodia infirma, A. sinuosa, A. xantha, Catostomus commersonii, Gloeophyllum protractum, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, G. carbonarium, Junghunia luteoalba, Oligoporus sericiomollis, Phlebia cornea
Expected Species:
Bovine, Drosophila melanogaster, Hen, Mouse, Rat
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide conserved across all known sequences of HSP70 P08107 and HSC70 proteins P11142
This antibody is recognizing both, the inducible and the constitutive Hsp70
Application Details:
1 : 1000 (IP), 1 : 1000-1: 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
70 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
MacLellan et al. (2015). Chaperone roles for TMAO and HSP70 during hyposmotic stress in the spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias). J Comp Physiol B. 2015 Jun 7.Bessemer et al. (2014). Cardiorespiratory toxicity of environmentally relevant zinc oxide nanoparticles in the freshwater fish Catostomus commersonii. Nanotoxicology. 2014 Nov 27:1-10.Gorovits et al. (2013). Recruitment of the host plant heat shock protein 70 by tomato yellow leaf curl virus coat protein is required for virus infection. PLoS Once, July 23;8(7).
Special application note:
For detection of plant and algal cytoplasmic hsp70 we recommend following product: AS08 371.
Nitrogenase is involved in biological fixation of nitrogen to assimilable ammonia.This product is a recombinant protein standard, source: Nostoc/Anabaena 7120.
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please, remember to spin tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from lyophilized material adhering to the cap or sides of the tubes.
Concentration: after adding 90 l of milliQ water final concentration of this standard is 0.15 pmoles/ul and this reagent is ready to use and load on a gel.Protein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50mM DTT.This standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating. It needs to be fully thawed and thoroughly mixed prior to using. Avoid vigorous vortexing, as buffers contain detergent. Following mixing, briefly pulse in a microcentrifuge to collect material from cap.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel. Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Application Details:
Standard curve: 3 loads are recommended (0.5, 2 and 4 μl).For most applications a sample load of 0.2 μg of chlorophyll will give a NifH signal in this range.Positive control: a 2 μl load per well is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems. This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel.Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 90 l of sterile water. Please notice that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized.
Molecular Weight:
34 kDa (larger than a native protein due to the addition of His-tag)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known.
Selected references:
Levitan et a. (2010). Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the marine diazotroph Trichodesmium IMS101 under varying temperatures and atmospheric CO concentrations. Environ. Microbiol (Epub ahead of print)
Special application note:
The NifH protein standard can be used in combination with global anti-NifH antibodies to quantitate NifH protein from a wide range of cyanobacterial species. Global antibodies are raised against highly conserved 15 amino acid sequence found in NifH proteins.Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorial
CPX2 is an enzyme called coproporphyrinogen oxidase which converts coproporphyrinogen-III to protoporphyrinogen-IX via an intermediary monovinyl porphyrinogen.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CPX2 protein Q4U0V8
ATP synthase is the universal enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and phosphate using the energy stored in a transmembrane ion gradient.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid at 23,3 g/ l
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C.; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from available plant, algal (chloroplastic and mitochondrial) and bacterial sequences of beta subunits of F-type ATP synthases, including Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplastic ATP synthase subunit beta UniProt: P19366, TAIR: AtCg00480 and Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit beta-1, UniProt: P83483, TAIR: At5g08670 as well as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, UniProt: P06541 and A8IQU3
Applications:
Immunolocalization (IL), Immunogold (IG), Western blot (WB)
Neusius et al. (2022) Lysine acetylation regulates moonlighting activity of the E2 subunit of the chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in Chlamydomonas. Plant J. 2022 Sep;111(6):1780-1800. doi: 10.1111/tpj.15924. Epub 2022 Aug 8. PMID: 35899410.Levitan et al. (2019). Structural and functional analyses of photosystem II in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 27;116(35):17316-17322. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906726116.Nelson et al. (2019). Protein lysine methylation contributes to modulating the response of sensitive and tolerant Arabidopsis species to cadmium stress. doi: 10.1111/pce.13692.Gellert et al. (2018). A single point mutation on the cucumber mosaic virus surface induces an unexpected and strong interaction with the F1 complex of the ATP synthase in Nicotiana clevelandii plants. Virus Res. 2018 Jun 2;251:47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.005. (immunogold)Quesada et al. (2011). Arabidopsis RUGOSA2 encodes an mTERF family member required for mitochondrion, chloroplast and leaf development. Plant J. Nov;68(4):738-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04726.x. Epub 2011 Sep 13.
Special application note:
The anti-AtpB antibody will detect the mitochondrial form of the F1 ATP synthase subcomplex, as well as the chloroplastic CF1 ATP synthase and most known bacterial F-type ATP synthases, Peptide used for antibody production is located in a beta sheet, which is partly exposed near the surface of the AtpB protein
ATP synthase is the universal enzyme that stnthesizes ATP from ADP and phosphate using the energy stored in a transmembrane ion gradient.This product is a recombinant protein standard, source: Synechocystis strain PCC 6803.
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized, in glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Concentration: after adding 90 l of dest. water final concentration of the standard is 0.27 pmol/ l.Protein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50mM DTT.This standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating. It needs to be fully thawed and thoroughly mixed prior to using. Avoid vigorous vortexing, as buffers contain detergent. Following mixing, briefly pulse in a microcentrifuge to collect material from cap.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel. Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Application Details:
Standard curve: 3 loads are recommended (0.5, 2 and 4μl).For most applications a sample load of 0.2μg of chlorophyll will give a AtpB signal in this range.Positive control: load per well: a 2μl load is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel.Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 90 l of milliQ water, Please notice that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized
Molecular Weight:
in most gel systems AtpB migrates around 50-54 kDa
Selected references:
Fraser et al. (2013). Photophysiological and Photosynthetic Complex Changes during Iron Starvation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. PLOS ONE.
Special application note:
The AtpB protein standard can be used in combination with global anti-AtpB antibodies to quantitate AtpB from a wide range of species. Global antibodies are raised against highly conserved amino acid sequences in the AtpB protein.Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorial
The 22 kDa PsbS protein of photosystem II functions in the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting. Along with a low thylakoid lumen pH and the presence of de-epoxidized xanthophylls, PsbS is necessary for photoprotective thermal dissipation of excess absorbed light energy in plants, measured as non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from available di and monocot PsbS sequences, including Arabidopsis thaliana (At1g44575). This sequence is even conserved in conifers.
Purified, total IgY (chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin) in PBS pH 8. Contains 0.02 % sodium azide.
Molecular Weight:
28 | 22 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sp.
Selected references:
Hubbart et al. (2012). The photoprotective protein PsbS exerts control over CO2 assimilation rate in fluctuating light in rice. The Plant J. March 2012.
Fructose-1,6 bisphosphate aldolase (ALD) is an enzyme catalazying a key reaction of glycolysis and energy production, converting D-fructose- 1,6-bisphospate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This enzyme is present in plant and animal tissues. Plant enzyme is a class I aldolase which does not require a bivalent metal cofactor. It is located to outer mitochondrial membrane.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
Application Details:
1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
38 | 38 kDa
Not reactive in:
Synechocystis sp.
Selected references:
Wang et al. (2018). iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of an immature high-oleic acid near-isogenic line of rapeseed. Molecular Breeding January 2018, 38:2.Kamies et al. (2017). A Proteomic Approach to Investigate the Drought Response in the Orphan Crop Eragrostis tef. Proteomes. 2017 Nov 15;5(4). pii: E32. doi: 10.3390/proteomes5040032.Foley et al. (2017). A Global View of RNA-Protein Interactions Identifies Post-transcriptional Regulators of Root Hair Cell Fate.Dev Cell. 2017 Apr 24;41(2):204-220.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.03.018.Parveen et al. (2016). Chickpea Ferritin CaFer1 Participates in Oxidative Stress Response, and Promotes Growth and Development. Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 9;6:31218. doi: 10.1038/srep31218.Yam et al. (2016). Characterization of the Plasmodium Interspersed Repeats (PIR) proteins of Plasmodium chabaudi indicates functional diversity. Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 21;6:23449. doi: 10.1038/srep23449.Dixit (2015). Sulfur alleviates arsenic toxicity by reducing its accumulation and modulating proteome, amino acids and thiol metabolism in rice leaves. Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 10;5:16205. doi: 10.1038/srep16205.Vera-Estrella et al. (2014). Comparative 2D-DIGE analysis of salinity responsive microsomal proteins from leaves of salt-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana and salt-tolerant Thellungiella salsuginea. J Proteomics. 2014 Jun 2. pii: S1874-3919(14)00288-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.018.
ClpB2 is essential for organism and can not be complemented by a mutation in ClpB1 gene. This cytoplasmic protein is not involved in thermotolerance. Giese and Vierling (2002) Changes in oligomerization are essential for the chaperone activity of a small heat shock protein in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem; 277(48): 46310-8.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Synechocystis PCC 6803
Expected Species:
Cyanobacteria Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
recombinant slr0156 protein, derived from Synechocystis PCC 6803 strain slr0156 sequence. This protein is annotated as ClpB1 in a data base but was originally named ClpB2 according to the paper of Giese and Vierling (2002).
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (EC=1.4.1.3) is an enzyme localized in mitochondrial matrix which plays a key role in nitrogen and glutamate metabolism.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Sarasketa et al. (2014). Exploring ammonium tolerance in a large panel of Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions. J Exp Bot. 2014 Sep 9. pii: eru342.Tsilikochrisos et al. (2014). Glutamate dehydrogenase is differentially regulated in seeded and parthenocarpic tomato fruits during crop development and postharvest storage. Scientia Horticulturae 181 (2015) 34–42. (immunolocalization)
PsaC is a conserved, chloroplast-encoded, Fe-S binding protein of approximately 10kDa, present in all known Photosystem I complexes. It is located on the stromal side of the thylacoid membranes. PsaC coordinates the Fe–S clusters FA and FB through two cysteine-rich domains.This product is a recombinant protein standard, source: Synechocystis PCC 6803.The PsaC protein standard can be used in combination with global anti-PsaC antibodies to quantitate PsaC from a wide range of species. Global antibodies are raised against highly conserved amino acid sequences in the PsaC protein.Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorial
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized in glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Protein standard buffer composition: Protein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50mM DTT.
Application Details:
Positive control: a 2 μL load per well is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems. Standard curve: 3 loads are recommended (eg. 0.5, 2 and 4μL). For most applications a sample load of 0.2 μg of chlorophyll will give a PsaC signal in this range. Exact loads can vary with the sensitivity of your system and the abundance of the target protein in your samples. Note: Optimal quantitation is achieved using moderate sample loads/well, generally 1 to 5 ug total protein. A trial experiment may be required i) to bring your sample load within the standard curve range and ii) to obtain a signal that is strong enough to reliably quantify but not so strong as to consume ECL reagents too quickly or saturate your detection system. These goals may achieved by adjusting both sample and standard loads.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 95 l of sterile water. Note that due to glycerol in buffer, the lyophilized product appears as a dense liquid rather than a powder. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently. Avoid vigorous vortexing, as buffer contains detergent. Upon reconstitution, this standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating. See additional Handling Instructions below. PsaC standard protein concentration: 0.10 pmol/ l.
Molecular Weight:
11,5 kDa (larger than native protein due to the addition of His-tag), In most gels PsaC migrates between 9 and 14 kDa
Selected references:
Pipitone et al. (2021). A multifaceted analysis reveals two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. Elife. 2021 Feb 25;10:e62709. doi: 10.7554/eLife.62709. PMID: 33629953; PMCID: PMC7906606.Rogowski et al. (2021) Light as a substrate: migration of LHCII antennas in extended Michaelis-Menten model for PSI kinetics. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2021 Dec;225:112336. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112336. Epub 2021 Oct 19. PMID: 34736069.Levitan et al. (2019). Structural and functional analyses of photosystem II in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 27;116(35):17316-17322. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906726116.Li et al. (2016). A Hard Day's Night: Diatoms Continue Recycling Photosystem II in the Dark. Front. Mar. Sci., 08 November 2016 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00218Vandenhecke et al. (2015). Changes in the Rubisco to photosystem ratio dominates photoacclimation across phytoplankton taxa. Photosynth Res. 2015 Apr 11.
Special application note:
Handling Instructions*IMPORTANT: In our experience, viscous liquids are surprisingly stable; insufficient mixing is the most common reason for unsatisfactory results. Following mixing, briefly pulse in a microcentrifuge to collect material from cap.Standard needs to be fully thawed and thoroughly mixed before each use. Proteins tend to stratify with the more dense layer after freezing. We recommend bringing the product to room temperature and either mixing by inverting or flicking tube 5-10 times. Pipetting up and down may also provide sufficient mixing, provided the tip is moved within the tube while taking up and expelling the liquid.
Sar1 belongs to a small GTPase superfamily and GTP binging activity. This protein is involved in intracellular protein transport. There are two different non-clathrin-coated vesicles that are responsible for transport between ER and the Golgi. Coat protein complexes involving membrane-associated GTP binging proteins – Arf1 and Sar1p for COPI and COPII are needed for formation of COP-coated vesicles. Sar1p is a cytosolic protein. It is temporarily recruited onto the membranes of the ER.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Immunolocalization method with Sar1 antibodies is described in: Yao-dong Yang (2005). Dynamics of COPII vesicles and the Golgi apparatus in cultured Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells provides evidence for transient association of Golgi stacks with endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. Plant Cell. 2005 May;17(5):1513-31. Epub 2005 Apr 1.
Application Details:
1 : 50 (IG), 1 : 500 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
21 kDa (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
Nicotiana tabacum
Selected references:
Shen et al. (2014). The fronds tonoplast quantitative proteomic analysis in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. J Proteomics. 2014 Feb 4. pii: S1874-3919(14)00047-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.029.Liu et al. (2014). SCFSLF-mediated cytosolic degradation of S-RNase is required for cross-pollen compatibility in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility in Petunia hybrida. Front. Genet., 22 July 2014 | doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00228
Special application note:
For immunogold experiments plant tissue has been fixed with GA in PFA/PIPES. LR White resin has been used. Tested species were: Triticum aestivum, Panicum miliaceum, Panicum maximum, Echinochloa crus-galli Eragrostis neomexicana, Digitaria sanguinalis. Publication in preparation.
HSP90 is a ubiquitous chaperone involved in numerous cellular processes. Members of this family of proteins play important roles in allowing a selected group of intracellular signaling molecules reach and maintain functionally active conformations.Alternative names: for hsp90 alpha: HSP 86, renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-38, for hsp90 beta: hsp84
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, Salmon
Expected Species:
Fishes, Hen, Mammals
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide chosen from a highly conserved region of hsp90 found in both the alpha P07900 and beta P08238 form of the protein. The target peptide is perfectly conserved in animals.
in salmonid fish a cross-reactive band at approximately 40 kDa is observed; antibody will also detect a human recombinant HSP90 proteinAntibody is reacting strongly with recombinant HSP90 from HELA cells.
Application Details:
1 : 5 000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
84-86 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Kelly et al. (2017). Acclimation capacity of the cardiac HSP70 and HSP90 response to thermal stress in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a stenothermal ice-age relict. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2017 Dec 10. pii: S1096-4959(17)30191-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.002.Ricketts et al. (2015). The Effects of Acute Waterborne Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Molybdenum on the Stress Response in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. PLoS One. 2015 Jan 28;10(1):e0115334. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115334. eCollection 2015.Liu et al. (2014). Spermidine Enhances Waterlogging Tolerance via Regulation of Antioxidant Defence, Heat Shock Protein Expression and Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase Activity in Zea mays. J. Agronomy and Crop Science, Article first published online: 1 APR 2014, DOI: 10.1111/jac.12058.Chandra et al. (2012). Sustained high temperature increases the vitellogenin response to 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). Aquatic toxicology.
Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70 (Hsc70) is crucial for the chaperoning function of unstressed cells.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Salmon
Expected Species:
Bovine, Human, Mouse, Rat , Zebra fish
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide specific to the hsc70 of salmonid fish B5X3U6_SALSA
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
LeBlanc et al. (2011). Chronic social stress impairs thermal tolerance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Exp Biol. 15;214:1721-31.Rendell et al. (2006). Development-dependent differences in intracellular localization of stress proteins (hsps) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, following heat shoc. Comp. Biochem and Physiol 1:238-252.
Lipoxygenases (LOXs; EC 1.13.11.12, synonym: lipoxydases) are a family of enzymes that catalyze oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into lipidhydroperoxides (LOOHs) involved in responses to stresses. LOXs has been found to play a role in plant growth and development, senescence as well as can be activated in response to environamental stress (drought, heavy metals). Alternative name of the antigen: Lipoxygenase 2
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera
Expected Species:
Brassica napus, Musa acuminata subsp. malaccensis Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Aweak band at around 84 kDa is detected as a probable result of cross-reaction with another lipoxygenase
Application Details:
1 : 50 000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
102 | 97 kDa
Not reactive in:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Selected references:
Seguel et al. (2018). PROHIBITIN 3 forms complexes with ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 to regulate stress-induced salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. Jan 2018. DOI:10.1104/pp.17.00941Cecchini et al. (2018). Underground azelaic acid-conferred resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2018 Aug 29. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-07-18-0185-R. (antibody used on LOX2 mutant plant)Pilati et al. (2015). The onset of grapevine berry ripening is characterized by ROS accumulation and lipoxygenase-mediated membrane peroxidation in the skin. BMC Plant Biol. 2014 Apr 2;14:87. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-87.
Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is the major stress-inducible protein in vertebrates and highly conserved throughout evolution. It plays a role as a molecular chaperone and is important for allowing cells to cope with acute stressor insult, especially those affecting the protein machinery.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide chosen from the C-terminal of salmonid hsp70. The target peptide is a sequence specific to salmonid hsp70 UniProt: B5X4Z3.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Biela et al. (2020). Evidence of prevalent heat stress in Yukon River Chinook salmon. Canadian J. of Fisheriers and Aquatic Science.Kelly et al. (2017). Acclimation capacity of the cardiac HSP70 and HSP90 response to thermal stress in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a stenothermal ice-age relict. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2017 Dec 10. pii: S1096-4959(17)30191-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.002.Ricketts et al. (2015). The Effects of Acute Waterborne Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Molybdenum on the Stress Response in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. PLoS One. 2015 Jan 28;10(1):e0115334. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115334. eCollection 2015.Templeman et al. (2014). Linking physiological and cellular responses to thermal stress: -adrenergic blockade reduces the heat shock response in fish. J Comp Physiol B, April 2014.
Special application note:
The antibody is very specific for salmonid inducible form - hsp70, It does not cross-react with hsc70, It does not detect hsp70 from other species
PsbW is a nuclear-encoded protein located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. It is a core component of Photosystem II. Altrnative name: PSII 6.1 kDa protein
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Hackett et al. (2017). An Organelle RNA Recognition Motif Protein Is Required for Photosystem II Subunit psbF Transcript Editing. Plant Physiol. 2017 Apr;173(4):2278-2293. doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01623.
PsbR protein is found in plant Photosystem II and anticipate to play a role in water oxidation, yet the physiological significance of PsbR has remained obscure.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Yang-Er Chen et al. (2017). Responses of photosystem II and antioxidative systems to high light and high temperature co-stress in wheat. J. of Exp. Botany, Volume 135, March 2017, Pages 45–55.Shen et al. (2016). The existence of C4-bundle-sheath-like photosynthesis in the mid-vein of C3 rice. Rice (N Y). 2016 Dec;9(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12284-016-0094-5. Epub 2016 May 10.Albanese et al. (2016). Isolation of novel PSII-LHCII megacomplexes from pea plants characterized by a combination of proteomics and electron microscopy. Photosynth Res. 2016 Jan 9.Dixit (2015). Sulfur alleviates arsenic toxicity by reducing its accumulation and modulating proteome, amino acids and thiol metabolism in rice leaves. Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 10;5:16205. doi: 10.1038/srep16205.Ido et al. (2014). Cross-Linking Evidence for Multiple Interactions of the PsbP and PsbQ Proteins in a Higher Plant Photosystem II Supercomplex. J Biol Chem. 2014 Jul 18;289(29):20150-7. doi: 0.1074/jbc.M114.574822. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing proclin if requested
Exoenzyme S (ExoS) is a toxin directly translocated into eukaryotic cells by the type III secretory process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is a bi-functional toxin and contain an N-terminal Rho GAP domain that disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and interference of phagocytosis. The C-terminal of ExoS contains an ADP-ribosyltransferase domain, which elicits a cytotoxic phenotype in cultured cells.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Expected Species:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Immunogen:
amino acids 366 to 453 of PA3841 of ADP-rbosylating enzyme - Exoenzyme S overexpressed in a GST fusion. Afterwards cleaved with a help of trombin and separated on a polyacrylamide gel. Gel piece has been used for immunizations.
Purified, total IgY (chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin) in PBS pH 8. Contains 0.02 % sodium azide.
Molecular Weight:
48 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Feng et al. (2019: Tanshinones: First-in-Class Inhibitors of the Biogenesis of the Type 3 Secretion System Needle of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Antibiotic Therapy. ACS Cent. Sci.2019.Anantharajah et al. (2017). Salicylidene acylhydrazides and hydroxyquinolines act as inhibitors of type three secretion systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by distinct mechanisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Apr 10. pii: AAC.02566-16. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02566-16.Anantharajah et al. (2016). Inhibition of the Injectisome and Flagellar Type III Secretion Systems by INP1855 Impairs Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pathogenicity and Inflammasome Activation. J Infect Dis. 2016 Jul 13. pii: jiw295.
GPX belongs to the group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reduction of H2O2, organic hydroperoxides, and lipid peroxides in the presence of glutathione, the hydrogen donor. Activity of the enzyme can be increased under environmental stress. Immunogen: Peptide target chosen from C-terminal of two chloroplastic isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana GPX.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Immunogen:
thioredoxin fusion of 58 amino acid region between Ser at position 175 and the C-terminal Ala of Arabidopsis thaliana GPX7 accession At4g31870 has been used for antibody production
This antibody is recognizing Arabidopsis thaliana GPX (two chloroplastic isoforms). Antibody has also a weak cross-reactivity to cytosolic forms, therefore work on isolated chloroplasts is recommended.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Lepist et al. (2013). Deletion of chloroplast NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase results in inability to regulate starch synthesis and causes stunted growth under short-day photoperiods. J Exp Bot. July 23.Juszczak et al. (2012). Natural genetic variation in the expression regulation of the chloroplast antioxidant system among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Physiol. Plant.
Hordeum vulgare Pht1-6 is a putative low-affinity barley phosphate transporter that is likely to function in phosporus remobilisation around the plant (expressed in plant vascular tissues).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Hordeum vulgare
Immunogen:
two synthetic peptides from the loop region of Pht1-6 (Q8H6D9), conjugated to KLH
The plant SAL1 (known also as FIERY1, FRY1, HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 2, HOS2, MBM17.8, MBM17_8) is a 353 aa protein homologous to the HAL2 and CysQ phosphatases of yeast and Escherichia coli, respectively. The SAL1 protein expressed in E. coli shows nucleotidase and inositol phosphatase activities. SAL1 is proposed to participate in the sulfur assimilation pathway as well as in the phosphoinositide signaling pathway.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max , Lycopersicum esculentum, Nicotiana tabaccum, Populus tremula
Expected Species:
Gossypium hirsutum, Oryza sativa Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Recombinant SAL1, full-length protein, 353 amino acids. The cDNA of SAL1 (At5g63980, protein Q42546) was cloned into pHUE expression vector and the protein has been produced and purified according to Baker et al 2005
Chan et al. (2016). Sensing and signaling of oxidative stress in chloroplasts by inactivation of the SAL1 phosphoadenosine phosphatase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Aug 2;113(31):E4567-76. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1604936113. Epub 2016 Jul 18.
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water in the respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. Subunit 2 (COXII) transfers the electrons from cytochrome c via its binuclear copper A center to the bimetallic center of the catalytic subunit 1.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Dicots including Cannabis sativa Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conugated synthetic peptide fully conserved in all available protein sequences from eudicots including Arabidopsis thaliana AtmG00160, monocots including Oryza sativa P04373 and Physcomitrella patens Q1XGA9
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the growing population of elderly people. A hallmark of AD is the accumulation of plaques in the brain of AD patients. The plaques predominantly consist of aggregates of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a peptide of 39-42 amino acids generated in vivo by specific, proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein P05067
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human
Expected Species:
Bovine, Chicken, Dog, Porcine, Rabbit
Immunogen:
synthetic peptide chosen from human Abeta (1-42) protein, Amino acid sequence: D-A-E-F-R-H-D-S-G-Y-E-V-H-H-Q-K-L-V-F-F-A-E-D-V-G-S-N-K-G-A-I-I-G-L-M-V-G-G-V-V-I-A
PsaO - photosystem I subunit O. The mature PsaO is a 10-kDa protein with two transmembrane helices. It has no counterpart in Photosystem I of cyanobacteria but seems to be present in higher plants, in mosses, and in green algae.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Spinacia oleracea
Immunogen:
fusion protein between DHFR and the mature part of PSI-O of Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: Q949Q5TAIR: At1g08380
Jensen et al. (2004) The PSI-O subunit of plant photosystem I is involved in balancing the excitation pressure between the two photosystems. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 24212-24217.
PsaK is a subunit of photosystem I. It has a role in organizing the peripheral light-harvesting complexes on the core antenna of photosystem I. Alternative names: photosystem I subunit X, PSI-K
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Bock (2012). The plastid genome-encodedYcf4 protein functions as a non-essential assembly factor for photosystem I in higher plants. Plant Physiol. ahead of print.
PsaE is a nucleus encoded subunit of the Photosystem I reaction center. It is located on the stroma side and interacts with PsaF. PsaE may be involved in Fd reduction. Alternative name: Photosystem I 10.8 kDa polypeptide
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa
Expected Species:
Catalpa bungei, Nicotiana sylvestris, Zea mays Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
10 kDa PSI-E protein purified from barley thylakoids corresponding to PSI-E protein of Horderum vulgare, UniProt: P13194
Yoshida et al. (2016). Hisabori T1.Two distinct redox cascades cooperatively regulate chloroplast functions and sustain plant viability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jul 5;113(27):E3967-76. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1604101113. Epub 2016 Jun 22.Ye et al. (2012). A Mutation of OSOTP 51 Leads to Impairment of Photosystem I Complex Assembly and Serious Photo-damage in Rice. J Integr Plant Biol. Feb 2012.Yadavalli et al. (2012). Differential degradation of photosystem I subunits under iron deficiency in rice. J Plant Physiol. March 22.
Molecular interactions between wall polysaccharides, which include cellulose and a range of non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as xyloglucans and (1,3;1,4)-?-d-glucans, are fundamental to cell wall properties. These interactions have been assumed to be non-covalent in nature in most cases. A highly purified barley xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase HvXET5 (EC 2.4.1.207), a member of the GH16 group of glycoside hydrolases, catalyses the in vitro formation of covalent linkages between xyloglucans and cellulosic substrates, and between xyloglucans and (1,3;1,4)-?-d-glucans. It is possible that XETs could link different polysaccharides in vivo, and hence influence cell wall strength, flexibility and porosity.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa
Expected Species:
Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Two synthetic peptides from highly conserved region of Horderum vulgare XTH-Xet
Tsuchiya et al. (2015). Distribution of XTH, expansin, and secondary-wall-related CesA in floral and fruit abscission zones during fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Front Plant Sci. 2015 May 15;6:323. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00323.Liu et al. (2013). Brittle Culm1, a COBRA-Like Protein, Functions in Cellulose Assembly through Binding Cellulose Microfibrils. PLoS Genet 9(8): e1003704. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003704 (Oryza sativa, western blot)Hrmova et al. (2007) A barley xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase covalently links xyloglucan, cellulosic substrates and (1,3;1,4)-β. J. Biol. Chem. 82: 12951-12962.
ClpB protein is essential for resistance to high temperature stress. It functions to dissolve inactive protein aggregates that accumulate at high temperatures. Giese and Vierling (2002) Changes in oligomerization are essential for the chaperone activity of a small heat shock protein in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem; 277(48): 46310-8.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Synechocystis PCC 6803, Solanum lycopersicum
Expected Species:
Cyanobacteria, Francisella sp. Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
recombinant clpB1 protein, derived from Synechocystis PCC 6803 strain slr1641 sequence; protein has an internal translation site. The nomenclature used is reverse of what is mentioned in the cyanobase.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the growing population of elderly people. A hallmark of AD is the accumulation of plaques in the brain of AD patients. The plaques predominantly consist of aggregates of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a peptide of 39-42 amino acids generated in vivo by specific, proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein P05067
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Expected Species:
Bovine, Chicken, Dog, Porcine, Rabbit
Immunogen:
synthetic peptide chosen from human Abeta (1-42) protein, Amino acid sequence: D-A-E-F-R-H-D-S-G-Y-E-V-H-H-Q-K-L-V-F-F-A-E-D-V-G-S-N-K-G-A-I-I-G-L-M-V-G-G-V-V-I-A
Applications:
Dot Blot (Dot), ELISA (ELISA), Immunolocalization (IL), Western blot (WB)
The antibody can detect Abeta (1-42), Abeta (1-28) Abeta (1-20) and Abeta (1-17), This product exhibits a low reactivity to monomeric Abeta (1-42) as determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting,Immunolocalization: human tissue was paraffin-embedded and sectioned, De-waxed and rehydrated in an ethanol gradient, Antigens were retrieved in sodium citrate buffer (pH 6) at 95 C for 1 h, The tissue sections were separately incubated for 1 h at RT with primary antibody and antibody binding was visualized with IgG Preoxidase Reagent Kit
Application Details:
1 : 1000 (DB), 1 : 3000 (ELISA), 1-2 l/ml (IL)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
4,5 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Lindhagen-Persson et al. (2010). Amyloid-β oligomer specificity mediated by the IgM isotype--implications for a specific protective mechanism exerted by endogenous auto-antibodies. PLoS One. 2010 Nov 10;5(11):e13928. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013928.
Rpl1 (50S ribosomal protein L1) belongs to the ribosomal protein L1P family. This protein binds directly to 23S rRNA, acts also as a translational repressor protein.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Linhartov et al. (2014). Accumulation of the Type IV prepilin triggers degradation of SecY and YidC and inhibits synthesis of Photosystem II proteins in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Mol Microbiol. 2014 Jul 24. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12730.
Hsp16.9 belongs to a family of class I of a small heat shock proteins (HSP20) family. Localized in cytoplasm. Alternative protein name: Heat shock protein 16.9B
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Triticum aestivum
Expected Species:
Aegilops kotschyi, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum sp. Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Recombinant protein of Triticum aestivum UniProt: Q41560
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Fedotova et al. (2020). Influence of high temperatures on heat tolerance and synthesis of heat shock proteins in spring wheat at the initial stages of development // Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture. 2020. ?. 12, ? 5. C. 179-191. DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2020-12-5-179-191
HSP90-2 (heat shock protein 90-2) is a constitutive isoform of HSP90, expressed in all tissues and abundant in root apical meristem, pollen and tapetum. Alternative names: ATHSP90.2, EARLY-RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 8, ERD8, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90.2, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 81-2, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 81.2, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90.2, HSP81-2, HSP81.2, HSP90.2.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Sorghum bicolor
Expected Species:
Glycne max, Hordeum vulgare, Micromonas pulsilla, Nicotiana benthamina, Nicotiana tabacum, Ostreococcus lucimarinus, Oryza sativa, Physcomitrium patens, Populus balsamifera, Ricinus communis, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Vitis viniferaSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Full length recombinant HSP90-2 of Arabidopsis thaliana, UniProt: F4K6B6-1, TAIR: AT5G56030
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
Application Details:
1 : 3000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
80.6 | 95 kDa (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Gao et al. (2021) Identification of a bacterial-type ATP-binding cassette transporter implicated in aluminum tolerance in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Plant Signal Behav. 2021 Jul 3;16(7):1916211. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1916211. Epub 2021 May 26. PMID: 34034635; PMCID: PMC8205057.Barghetti et al. (2017). Heat-shock protein 40 is the key farnesylation target in meristem size control, abscisic acid signaling, and drought resistance. Genes Dev. 2017 Nov 15;31(22):2282-2295. doi: 10.1101/gad.301242.117.He et a. (2012).SpecificMissenseAlleles of theArabidopsisJasmonicAcidCo-ReceptorCOI1RegulateInnateImmuneReceptorAccumulation andFunction. PloS Genetics, Open Access.
Special application note:
Antibody reacts more with constitutive isofrom Hsp90-2 than heat inducible Hsp90-1
The chloroplast ATP synthase belongs to the family of F1-type ATPases, which are also present in bacteria and mitochondria. ATP synthase generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy derived from a trans-thylakoidal electrochemical proton gradient. The transmembrane CF0IV subunit of appr. 25 kDa belongs to a stator part of ATP synthase and is involved in the proton translocation.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at short-term 4 C, Long-term -20 . Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. It ontains 0,01% sodium azide.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Fristedt et al. (2015). The thylakoid membrane protein CGL160 supports CF1CF0 ATP synthase accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 2;10(4):e0121658. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121658.
Polyphenol oxidase participates in the response of plants to wounding and herbivore attack, mediated by the octadecanoid wound-signalling pathway. Chloroplast polyphenol oxidase is a nuclear-encoded protein that is targeted to the thylakoid lumen. It was found that polyphenol oxidase is one of the most strongly phosphorylated protein in thylakoid lumen although the role of this protein modification is not known. Alternative name: catechol oxidase.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at short-term 4 C, Long-term -20 . Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. It ontains 0,01% sodium azide.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Spinacia oleracea
Expected Species:
Spinacia oleracea
Immunogen:
recombinant lumenal polyphenol oxidase of Spinacia oleracea UniProt: P43310
The chloroplast ATP synthase belongs to the family of F1-type ATPases, which are also present in bacteria and mitochondria. ATP synthase generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy derived from a trans-thylakoidal electrochemical proton gradient.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at short-term 4 C, Long-term -20 . Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. It ontains 0,01% sodium azide.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
dicots, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, cyanobacteria including Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
Expected Species:
Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
isolated CF1 subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
The chloroplast ATP synthase belongs to the family of F1-type ATPases, which are also present in bacteria and mitochondria. ATP synthase generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy derived from a trans-thylakoidal electrochemical proton gradient.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at at Store short-term 4 C, Long-term -20 . Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended.
This product can be sold with ProClin if requested
Application Details:
1 : 2000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Molecular Weight:
23 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Blair et al. (2018). The Helicobacter pylori cell shape promoting protein Csd5 interacts with the cell wall, MurF, and the bacterial cytoskeleton. Mol Microbiol. 2018 Jul 24. doi: 10.1111/mmi.14087.Fristedt et al. (2015). The thylakoid membrane protein CGL160 supports CF1CF0 ATP synthase accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 2;10(4):e0121658. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121658.
The chloroplast ATP synthase belongs to the family of F1-type ATPases, which are also present in bacteria and mitochondria. ATP synthase generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy derived from a trans-thylakoidal electrochemical proton gradient.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at short-term 4 C, Long-term -20 . Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. It ontains 0,01% sodium azide.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Ostreococcus lucimarinusm, Spinacia oleracea, Sorghum bicolor, Volvox carteri Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
isolated CF1 subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Q42687.1
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Perlaza (2021). Organelle Size and Quality Control in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii. UCSF. ProQuest ID: Perlaza_ucsf_0034D_12217. Merritt ID: ark:/13030/m5257z1d. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jg3874hPerlaza et al. (2019). The Mars1 kinase confers photoprotection through signaling in the chloroplast unfolded protein response. Elife. 2019 Oct 15;8. pii: e49577. doi: 10.7554/eLife.49577. (immunofluorescence)
LexA (EC 3.4.21.88) is a DNA binding protein, is associated with SOS response of cyanobacteria as well as other regulatory networs. Has been shown to directly regulate genes involved in carbon assimilation or controlled by carbon availability. In Synechocystis PCC 6803 LexA is not localised to the thylakoid membranes but to the inner region of the cytoplasm
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Oliveira and Lindblad (2011). Novel Insights into the Regulation of LexA in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803. J. of Bacteriology, Aug. 2011: 3804-3814.
Special application note:
Antibody can be used as a marker of cytoplasm but also, most likely, a marker for DNA localisation
DMPO (5,5-dimethly-1-proline N-oxide) is a compound used in spin trapping. It is a method employed in chemistry as an analytical technique for detection and identification of short-lived free radicals. DMPO adducts can be generated with protein and DNA radicals.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at -20 °C for one year, once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
DMPO (species independent)
Expected Species:
DMPO (species independent)
Immunogen:
5,5-dimethyl-2-(8-octanoic acid)-1-pyrrolone-N-oxide conjugated to ovalbumin
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immuno-spin trapping (IT), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Western blot (WB)
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Chatterjee et al. (2009). Immuno-spin trapping of a post-translational carboxypeptidase B1 radical formed by a dual role of xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in acute septic mice. Free Radic. Med. and Biol. 46:454-461.
Special application note:
Antibody is purified on Protein G and present in TBS pH 7.4 with 0.05 % sodium azide as preservative and 50 % glycerol.DMPO antibody in dilution of 1: 1000 was sufficient to detect the DMPO nitrone adducts of metmyoglobin when loaded at 100 ng/lane by colormetric immunoblot analysis using goat anti-mouse IgG HRP conjugated secondary antibody.
Sub1C is a protein which is involved in rice tolerance to submergence.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Oryza sativa
Expected Species:
Oryza sativa
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from Oryza sativa Sub1C. Chosen peptide is convered in all 6 isoforms (C-1 to C-6).
Rabbit anti-Beclin-1 Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Beclin-1 plays a central role in autophagy. It may also play a role in antiviral host defense. It is ubiquitously expressed and it localises to the cytoplasm, golgi apparatus membrane, and in dendrites and cell bodies of cerbellar Purkinje cells. The unprocessed precursor has a length of 450 amino acids and an estimated molecular weight of 51.89 kDa.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
C-terminal of human Beclin-1 conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:100 to 1:2000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein; Protein GT197; APG 6; BECN1;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Specific for Beclin-1. Human, other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Saporin Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ELISA.
Background Info:
Saporin is a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) of type I. This monomeric RNA N-glycosidase purified from seeds of the plant Saponaria officinalis also known as Soapwort, is capable of specific depurination of eukaryotic ribosomes thus arresting protein synthesis. No ligand has been identified in saporin hence its inability to transverse the cell membrane. Due to its toxicity and stability of the structure, saporin has proven extremely useful for construction of immunotoxins. The expected molecular weight of the purified saporin is 29.5 kDa.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Plant
Immunogen:
Saporin, whole molecule
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, Immunofluorescence, ELISA, Western Blot. A dilution of 1:200 to 1: 2000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Saponaria officinalis; Common soapwort
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Confirmed to react with purified saporin. No cross-reactivity with other molecules has been reported.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This gene product is a characteristic feature of cholinergic neurons, and changes in these neurons may explain some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with episodic apnea. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and some of these variants have been shown to encode more than one isoform. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Guinea Pig,Mouse,Pig,Rabbit,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (GLFSSYRLPGHTQDTLVAQKSS) as a part of porcine ChAT protein (aa: 167-188) conjugated to KLH
Applications:
ELISA,ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Immunohistochemistry/cytochemistry on 4% PFA or formalin fixed frozen sections; paraffin sections can be more difficult and require more extensive antigen recovery methods. 1:400-1:2000 depending up detection and incubation times<br>ELISA: direct antigen ELISA<br>This antiserum will superbly stain both cell bodies and nerve terminal, and works particularly well in enteric and peripheral neurons. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Beig MI, Dampney BW and Carrive P (2014) Both ox1r and ox2r orexin receptors contribute to the cardiovascular and locomotor components of the novelty stress response in the rat. Neuropharmacology September 16 [Epub ahead of print] Application: IH ; Species: Rat Ellis KM, O'Carroll DC, Lewis MD, Rychkov GY, Koblar SA (2014) Neurogenic potential of dental pulp stem cells isolated from murine incisors. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2014 Feb 27;5(1):30. Application: IF ; Species: Mouse Leong WK, Klaric TS, Lin Y, Lewis MD, Koblar SA (2013) Upregulation of the neuronal Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4) in the rat corticolimbic system following focal cerebral ischemia. Eur J Neurosci. 2013 Jun;37(11):1875-84 Application: IH ; Species: Rat Li S et al (2011) The expression and localization of Prune2 mRNA in the central nervous system. Neurosci Lett. Oct 10;503(3):208-14.
Specificity:
This antiserum stains cholinergic neurons in guinea-pig and rabbit. This antiserum is known to react with ChAT of origin guinea-pig, mouse, rat and rabbit.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Capsaicin receptor (TrpV1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Predominantly expressed in trigeminal and dorsal root sensory ganglia. Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are also expressed in brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse (Predicted),Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (YFSHLKEYVAS) of human capsaicin receptor protein (aa: 531-541) conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. Use at 1:1000 to 1:2000 dilution. This antibody has not been tested in other applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Rehman R et al (2013) TRPV1 inhibition attenuates IL-13 mediated asthma features in mice by reducing airway epithelial injury. Int Immunopharmacol. 2013 Mar;15(3):597-605.
Specificity:
Immunohistochemical analysis of rat DRG indicates a superb degree of specificity for this serum. This antibody is known to react with rat Capsaicin and due to sequence homology is expected to react with mouse Capsaicin . Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent.
Rabbit anti-Beta-synuclein Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Beta-synuclein is a non-amyloid component of senile plaques found in Alzheimer disease. It could act as a regulator of SNCA aggregation. It protects nerurons from staurosporine and 6 hydroxy dopamine -stimulated capspase activation in a p53-dependent manner. It localises to the cytoplasm and it is predominantly expressed in the brain where it is most concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals. This protein is phosphorylated. This protein is also associated with the disease Brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA1).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (IEPLMEPEGSYEDPPQE) of human beta synuclein protein (aa: 108-125) conjugated to diptheria toxid has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB , immunoblot. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
SNCB
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Israeli E. and Sharon R. (2009) Beta-synuclein occurs in vivo in lipid-associated oligomers and forms hetero-oligomers with alpha-synuclein J Neurochem. 2009 Jan;108(2):465-74
Specificity:
Less than 0.1% cross reactivity to human alpha synuclein This antiserum is known to react with human and rat beta synuclein.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Gamma-synuclein Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. May be involved in modulating axonal architecture during development and in the adult. In vitro, increases the susceptibility of neurofilament-H to calcium-dependent proteases. May also function in modulating the keratin network in skin. Activates the MAPK and Elk-1 signal transduction pathway. SUBUNIT: May be a centrosome-associated protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm; perinuclear region. Centrosome. Spindle. Associated with centrosomes in several interphase cells. In mitotic cells, localized to the poles of the spindle. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in brain, particularly in the substantia nigra. Also expressed in the corpus callosum, heart, skeletal muscle, ovary, testis, colon and spleen. Weak expression in pancreas, kidney and lung. PTM: Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by GRK5 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases. DISEASE: Brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA1, also called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome), a rare neuroaxonal dystrophy, is histologically characterized by axonal spheroids, iron deposition, Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and neurofibrillary tangles. SNCG is found in spheroids but not in inclusions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synuclein family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (EKEEVAEEAQSGGD) as part of human gamma synuclein protein (aa: 114-127) conjugated to diptheria toxid has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:1000 is recommended for both applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Immunohistochemical/western blot analysis indicate a high level of specificity for this antiserum for gamma synuclein. This antiserum is known to react with human and rat gamma synuclein.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Pan-synuclein Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Detects human alpha-, beta-, and gamma synuclein proteins. A family of homologous proteins known as alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synuclein are abundantly expressed in brain, especially in the presynaptic terminal of neurons. Although the precise function of these proteins remains unknown, alpha-synuclein has been implicated in synaptic plasticity associated with avian song learning as well as in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with LBs (DLB), some forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (AKEGVVAAAEKTKQGV) as a consensus part of human alpha-, beta-, and gamma synuclein proteins conjugated to diphteria toxoid has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB and immunoblot. A dilution of 1:1000 is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Ulusoy A. et al (2010) Eur J Neurosci. 2010 Aug;32(3):409-22 Naesstrom T. et al (2010) The lipid peroxidation products 4-oxo-2-nonenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal promote the formation of _-synuclein oligomers with distinct biochemical, morphological, and functional properties. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Dec 1. Eslamboli A. et al (2007) Long-term consequences of human alpha-synuclein overexpression in the primate ventral midbrain. Brain. 2007 Mar;130(Pt 3):799-815. Mukaetova-Ladinska E.B. et al (2008) Alpha- and gamma-synuclein proteins are present in cerebrospinal fluid and are increased in aged subjects with neurodegenerative and vascular changes. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008;26(1):32-42.
Specificity:
Overlap specific immunohistochemical staining of alpha-, beta- and gamma synucleins This antiserum recognises human and rat alpha-, beta- and gamma synucleins.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Receptor for neurturin. Mediates the NRTN-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor. Also able to mediate GDNF signaling through the RET tyrosine kinase receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; lipid-anchor; GPI-anchor (By similarity). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (PRVEKTPSLPDDLSD) as a part of human GFR alpha-2 protein (aa: 376-390) conjugated to KLH.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:1000 is recommended for both applications. This antibody stains beautifully the large neurons in the rat DRG. This antibody also is ideal for WB analysis of rat DRG and brain homogenate. The optimal dilution should be determined by the end user, but a dilution of 1 in 500 is recommended for initial testing. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Western blot analysis indicates a high level of specificity to GFR alpha-2 for this antiserum. This antibody is known to react with rat GFR alpha-2 and from IHC analysis, there appears to be no cross-reactivity with other members of the GFR family.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Receptor for the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, artemin. Mediates the artemin-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; lipid-anchor; GPI-anchor (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GDNFR family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (MGLSWSPRPPL) as part of mouse GFR alpha-3 protein (aa: 1-11) conjugated to KLH
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:1000 is recommended for both applications. This antibody stains nicely large neurons in the rat DRG. Specifically, if you would like to perform WB using rat brain homogenate detecting GFR alpha-3, this is the antibody to be used. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
GDNF family receptor alpha-3; GFR-alpha-3
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Western blot analysis indicates a high level of specificity to GFR alpha-3 for this antiserum. This antibody is known to react with rat GFR alpha-2.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1/Tip60 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity. Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. May be involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV. FUNCTION: Beta-amyloid peptides are lipophilic metal chelators with metal-reducing activity. Bind transient metals such as copper, zinc and iron. Rat and mouse beta-amyloid peptides bind only weakly transient metals and have little reducing activity due to substitutions of transient metal chelating residues. Beta-APP42 may activate mononuclear phagocytes in the brain and elicit inflammatory responses. Promotes both tau aggregation and TPK II-mediated phosphorylation (By similarity). FUNCTION: The gamma-CTF peptides as well as the caspase-cleaved peptides, including C31, are potent enhancers of neuronal apoptosis. SUBUNIT: Binds, via its C-terminus, to the PID domain of several cytoplasmic proteins, including APBB family members, the APBA family, MAPK8IP1, SHC1, Numb and Dab1. Binding to Dab1 inhibits its serine phosphorylation. Also interacts with GPCR-like protein BPP, FPRL1, APPBP1, IB1, KNS2 (via its TPR domains), APPBP2 (via BaSS) and DDB1. In vitro, it binds MAPT via the MT-binding domains. Associates with microtubules in the presence of ATP and in a kinesin-dependent manner. Interacts, through a C-terminal domain, with GNAO1. Amyloid beta-42 binds CHRNA7 in hippocampal neurons. Beta-amyloid associates with HADH2. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: different isoforms in different tissues: kidney. brain. liver. hippocampus, substania nigra pars compacta and cerebellum. In the cerebellum, all the isoforms are abundantly expressed in Purkinje cells.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptides (C-ETHLHW HTVAKET, aa: 145-157; C-HAH FQKAKERLEA KHRER, aa: 388-405; C-KKKQYTS IHHGVVE, aa: 724-737) as parts of human APP isoform A conjugated to KLH
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:3000 for immunohistochemistry. This antiserum has not yet been tested for western blot. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Specificity for APP was confirmed by IHC. This antiserum is known to react with rat APP. Reactivity with other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1/Tip60 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity. Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. May be involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV. FUNCTION: Beta-amyloid peptides are lipophilic metal chelators with metal-reducing activity. Bind transient metals such as copper, zinc and iron. Rat and mouse beta-amyloid peptides bind only weakly transient metals and have little reducing activity due to substitutions of transient metal chelating residues. Beta-APP42 may activate mononuclear phagocytes in the brain and elicit inflammatory responses. Promotes both tau aggregation and TPK II-mediated phosphorylation (By similarity). FUNCTION: The gamma-CTF peptides as well as the caspase-cleaved peptides, including C31, are potent enhancers of neuronal apoptosis. SUBUNIT: Binds, via its C-terminus, to the PID domain of several cytoplasmic proteins, including APBB family members, the APBA family, MAPK8IP1, SHC1, Numb and Dab1. Binding to Dab1 inhibits its serine phosphorylation. Also interacts with GPCR-like protein BPP, FPRL1, APPBP1, IB1, KNS2 (via its TPR domains), APPBP2 (via BaSS) and DDB1. In vitro, it binds MAPT via the MT-binding domains. Associates with microtubules in the presence of ATP and in a kinesin-dependent manner. Interacts, through a C-terminal domain, with GNAO1. Amyloid beta-42 binds CHRNA7 in hippocampal neurons. Beta-amyloid associates with HADH2. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: different isoforms in different tissues: kidney. brain. liver. hippocampus, substania nigra pars compacta and cerebellum. In the cerebellum, all the isoforms are abundantly expressed in Purkinje cells.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (HMNVQNGKWESDPSGTKTC, aa: 44-62) as part of mouse APP isoform A conjugated to the immunogenic protein Blue Carrier Protein
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:3000 for immunohistochemistry. This antiserum has not yet been tested for western blot. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Amyloid beta A4 protein; ABPP; Alzheimer disease amyloid protein homolog; Amyloidogenic glycoprotein; AG
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Specificity for APP was confirmed by IHC. This antiserum is known to react with rat APP. Reactivity with other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- ase (ATPase) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein (By similarity). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) family. Type V subfamily.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (C-DDVHRSRHGLSLQDQ) as part of human ATP13A2 protein (aa: 195-209) conjugated to KLH
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 is recommended for this application. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Immunohistochemistry shows specific staining for ATPase. This antiserum is known to react with rat ATPase. Other species have not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- ase (ATPase) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) family. Type V subfamily.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (C-ELHRQEEAKQVLRYY) as part of mouse ATP13A2 protein (aa: 147-161) conjugated to KLH
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 is recommended for this application. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Immunohistochemistry shows specific staining for ATPase. This antiserum is known to react with rat ATPase. Other species have not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Alpha-synuclein Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Alpha synuclein is an abundant 140 amino acid neuronal protein, expressed primarily at presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. FUNCTION: May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Soluble protein, normally localized primarily at the presynaptic region of axons, which can form filamentous aggregates that are the major non amyloid component of intracellular inclusions in several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase 3 activation. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.SUBUNIT: Soluble monomer which can form filamentous aggregates. Interacts with UCHL1. Interacts with phospholipase D and histones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Note=Membrane-bound in dopaminergic neurons. Also found in the nucleus. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 3 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (SEEGYQDYEPEA) corresponding to the C-terminal of human alpha synuclein protein (aa 129-140) conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from alpha synuclein protein in monkey and pig.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:3000 is recommended for both applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Non-A beta component of AD amyloid; Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor; NACP; SNCA; PARK1;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Tinsley R.B. et al (2010) Sensitive and specific detection of alpha-synuclein in human plasma J Neurosci Res. 2010 Sep;88(12):2693-700.
Specificity:
Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis of human brain indicates a high level of specificity for this antiserum. This antibody is known to react with human, mouse and rat alpha synuclein. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Capsaicin receptor (TrpV1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Responses evoked by low pH and heat, and capsaicin can be antagonized by capsazepine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transient receptor family. TrpV subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 3 ANK repeats.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (PSESTSHRWRGPA) of human capsaicin receptor protein (aa: 608-621) conjugated to KLH has been used as the antigen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. Use at 1:1000 to 1:2000 dilution. This antibody has not been tested in other applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Jabin Fagelskiold A et al (2012) Insulin-secreting INS-1E cells express functional TRPV1 channels. Islets. 2012 Jan 1;4(1).
Specificity:
Specificity was confirmed by IHC using frozen sections of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord. Due to sequence homology, similar staining is predicted in human DRG and spinal cord. Human, rat. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Vanilloid receptor-like protein 1 (VRL-1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed in dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia, spinal chord (Lissauer's tract, dorsal horn and dorsal columns) (at protein level). PTM: N-glycosylated. PTM: Phosphorylated by PKA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transient receptor family. TrpV subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 3 ANK repeats.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (C-KNSASEEDHLPLQVLQSP) of rat VRL-1 protein (aa: 744-761) conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, Immunofluorescence, Western blot. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1: 1000 to 1: 2000 for immunohistochemistry and Western blot, for Immunofluorescence at a dilution of 1:50 to 1: 200 in free-floating sections or paraffin embedded sections. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
osm-9-like TRP channel 2; OTRPC2
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Immunohistochemical analysis in rat dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord indicates a high level of specificity for this antiserum. Specificity was also shown by Western blot. This antibody is known to react with rat and human VRL-1.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent.
GDNF is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded homodimer molecule. It was first discovered as a potent survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons and was then shown to rescue these neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease. GDNF is about 100 times more efficient survival factor for spinal motor neurons than the neurotrophins. <br />FUNCTION: Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high-affinity dopamine uptake. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. <br />DISEASE: Defects in GDNF may be a cause of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). In association with mutations of RET gene, defects in GDNF may be involved in Hirschsprung disease. This genetic disorder of neural crest development is characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the hindgut, often resulting in intestinal obstruction. DISEASE: Defects in GDNF are a cause of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS); also known as congenital failure of autonomic control or Ondine curse. CCHS is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal control of respiration in the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease, or an identifiable brain stem lesion. A deficiency in autonomic control of respiration results in inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human GDNF
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB and dot blot. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:1000 to 1:3000 for Western blot. The predicted molecular weight of the GDNF monomer is 11.6 kDa. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
No cross reactivity with NTN has been observed in Western Blot analysis. This antibody is known to react with human, mouse and rat GDNF.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family and regulates the survival and differentiation of neurons during development. The alterations in BDNF expression induced by various kinds of brain insult including stress, ischemia, seizure activity and hypoglycemia, may contribute to some pathologies such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Microglia release BDNF that may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. FUNCTION: Promotes the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected to it. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. SUBUNIT: Monomers and homodimers. Binds to NTRK2/TRKB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. POst translation modification: Converted into mature BDNF by plasmin (PLG). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Other Mammals (Predicted),Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (HSDPARRGEL) as a part of human BDNF protein (aa: 129-138) conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen. The BDNF protein sequence is highly conserved amongst primates.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
<b>Western Blotting:</b> This antibody detects multiple BDNF isoforms (14 kDa mature BDNF, 18 kDa isoform, 28 kDa BDNF dimer/truncated BDNF, 32 kDa proBDNF monomer) depending on sample application (human serum, cell lysate, tissue homogenate). Antibody also detects BDNF under non-reducing conditions (McLean NA, 2014).<br><br><b>ELISA:</b> Detection only, 1:1000-1:5000 recommended.<br><br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
McLean NA, Popescu BF, Gordon T, Zochodne DW, Verge VM. (2014) "Delayed nerve stimulation promotes axon-protective neurofilament phosphorylation, accelerates immune cell clearance and enhances remyelination in vivo in focally demyelinated nerves." PLoS One. 2014 Oct 13;9(10):e110174 Application: WB , non-reducing, Species: Rat Cysneiros R.M. et al (2010) Qualitative analysis of hippocampal plastic changes in rats with epilepsy supplemented with oral omega-3 fatty acids Epilepsy Behav. 2010 Jan;17(1):33-8. Ooe N. et al (2009) Dynamic regulation of bHLH-PAS-type transcription factor NXF gene expression and neurotrophin dependent induction of the transcriptional control activity Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Jan 23;378(4):761-5.
Specificity:
Less than 0.1% cross reactivity with mouse NGF, recombinant human NT3 and NT4/5 has been recorded by dot blot analysis. This antiserum is known to recognise rat, mouse and human BDNF, and is expected to react with BDNF from other species due to amino acid sequence homology.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. It stimulates division and differentiation of sympathetic and embryonic sensory neurons. SUBUNIT: Homodimer, associated by noncovalent forces. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Avian,Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Native mouse beta NGF purified from submaxillary salivary gland (95% purity by PAGE)
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, 1-site ELISA, WB, immunoblot, inhibition of biological activity. A dilution of 1:1000-1:5000 is recommended for IHC, western blot and immunoblot; 1:15000 for ELISA; for inhibition of biological activity: 1:10-50 for in vitro, 5-10 µL/g body weight for in vivo. This antiserum completely inhibits neuronal survival and the outgrowth actions of murine NGF in chicken DRG in vitro. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Beta-nerve growth factor
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Mulhall J.P. et al (2008) J Sex Med. May;5(5):1126-36.
Specificity:
A cross reactivity of less than 1% to recombinant human BDNF, NT3, NT4/5 by ELISA has been shown. This antiserum is known to cross react with mouse, rat, human and avian NGF bot not bovine NGF.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8ºC. After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C to -80ºC for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family and regulates the survival and differentiation of neurons during development. The alterations in BDNF expression induced by various kinds of brain insult including stress, ischemia, seizure activity and hypoglycemia, may contribute to some pathologies such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Microglia release BDNF that may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. FUNCTION: Promotes the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected to it. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. SUBUNIT: Monomers and homodimers. Binds to NTRK2/TRKB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. Post Translation Modification (PTM): The propeptide is N-glycosylated and glycosulfated. PTM: Converted into mature BDNF by plasmin (PLG) (By similarity). DISEASE: Defects in BDNF are a cause of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS); also known as congenital failure of autonomic control or Ondine curse. CCHS is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal control of respiration in the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease, or an identifiable brain stem lesion. A deficiency in autonomic control of respiration results in inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. CCHS is frequently complicated with neurocristopathies such as Hirschsprung disease that occurs in about 16% of CCHS cases. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Other Mammals (Predicted),Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (C-ELLDEDQKVRPNEE) as a part of human BDNF precursor protein (aa: 69-82) conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:5000 is recommended for both applications. ICC: 1:500 to 1:2000, antibody works on 4% formaldehyde fixed cells. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Used in western blot, this antiserum detects a 35 kDa band corresponding to the molecular weight of proBDNF. No cross reactivity with other proneurotrophins was detected. This antiserum is known to react with human, mouse and rat proBDNF and also expected to recognise other mammalian proBDNF.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family and regulates the survival and differentiation of neurons during development. The alterations in BDNF expression induced by various kinds of brain insult including stress, ischemia, seizure activity and hypoglycemia, may contribute to some pathologies such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Microglia release BDNF that may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. FUNCTION: Promotes the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected to it. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. SUBUNIT: Monomers and homodimers. Binds to NTRK2/TRKB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. Post Translation Modification (PTM): The propeptide is N-glycosylated and glycosulfated. PTM: Converted into mature BDNF by plasmin (PLG) (By similarity). DISEASE: Defects in BDNF are a cause of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS); also known as congenital failure of autonomic control or Ondine curse. CCHS is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal control of respiration in the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease, or an identifiable brain stem lesion. A deficiency in autonomic control of respiration results in inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. CCHS is frequently complicated with neurocristopathies such as Hirschsprung disease that occurs in about 16% of CCHS cases. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Other Mammals (Predicted),Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human BDNF
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, ELISA (1 site), Western Blot, inhibition of biological activity in vitro/in vivo. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:1000 for immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot. 1:10 to 1:50 for inhibition of biological activity in vitro. Use neat for in vivo studies at 5-10 uL/g body weight. This antiserum stains cell bodies and some nerve terminals in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord, however, does not stain finest nerve terminals. <br><br>Western Blotting: Antibody does detect BDNF forms in tissue lysates but there are multiple bands present, many of which are uncharacterized. The antibody detects 14 kDa (mature BDNF), 32 kDa (proBDNF) and a 18 kDa BDNF isoform (see blot examples). In cell lysates, only 18 kDa and 32 kDa BDNF are detected. The reason for these differences has not been characterized. Alternative antibodies for Western Blotting are: R-017-500 (IgG-purified form of R-088-100 for tissue homogenate analysis); R-1707-100 (cell lysates and tissue homogenates), R-083-100/R-066-500 (cell lysates, tissue homogenates and human serum); M-1744-50/100 (human serum and tissue homogenates).<br><br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
L.Y. Chen et al (2010) Learning induces neurotrophin signaling at hippocampal synapses Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. Apr 13;107(15):7030-5 Soderquist R.G. et al (2009) PEGylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor for preserved biological activity and enhanced spinal cord distribution J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009 Dec;91(3):719-29. Tang S. et al (2010) Immunolocalization of pro- and mature-brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and receptor TrkB in the human brainstem and hippocampus. Brain Res. Oct 1;1354:1-14. Sadri-Vakili G. et al (2010) Cocaine-induced chromatin remodeling increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcription in the rat medial prefrontal cortex, which alters the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine. J Neurosci. 2010 Sep 1;30(35):11735-44. Maldonado M.A. et al (2008) Motor skill training, but not voluntary exercise, improves skilled reaching after unilateral ischemic lesions of the sensorimotor cortex in rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2008 May-Jun;22(3):250-61. Nakajima H. et al (2007) Rescue of rat anterior horn neurons after spinal cord injury by retrograde transfection of adenovirus vector carrying brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene. J Neurotrauma. 2007 Apr;24(4):703-12. Zhang H.T. et al (2007) Immunohistochemical distribution of NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 in adult rhesus monkey brains. J Histochem Cytochem. 2007 Jan;55(1):1-19. Carrasco M.A. et al (2007) Regulation of glycinergic and GABAergic synaptogenesis by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in developing spinal neurons. Neuroscience. 2007 Mar 16;145(2):484-94. Zhang H.T. et al (2008) Temporal changes in the level of neurotrophins in the spinal cord and associated precentral gyrus following spinal hemisection in adult Rhesus monkeys J Chem Neuroanat. 2008 Dec;36(3-4):138-43.
Specificity:
Less than 0.1% cross-reactivity against NGF, NT3 and NT4/5 by dot blot. Known to react with BDNF from rat, mouse and human. Expected to react with BDNF from other species due to amino acid sequence homology.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
FUNCTION: Low affinity receptor which can bind to NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4. Can mediate cell survival as well as cell death of neural cells. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with p75NTR-associated cell death executor. Interacts with TRAF2, TRAF4, TRAF6, PTPN13 and RANBP9. Interacts through TRAF6 with SQSTM1 which bridges NGFR to NTRK1. Interacts with BEX1 and NGFRAP1/BEX3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein. DOMAIN: Death domain is responsible for interaction with RANBP9. PTM: N- and O-glycosylated. PTM: O-linked glycans consist of Gal(1-3)GalNAc core elongated by 1 or 2 NeuNAc. PTM: Phosphorylated on serine residues. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 death domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Extra cellular domain of human p75NTR
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
IHC shows specific staining for p75NTR. This antibody is known to react to rat p75NTR.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP-1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Associates specifically with huntingtin. This binding is enhanced by an expanded polyglutamine repeat. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: In the brain, especially in the olfactory bulb and in the brain stem. No detectable expression in peripheral tissues such as lung, testis, spleen, and small intestine. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 HAP1 N-terminal domain.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant rat HAP-1
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:3000 is recommended for this application. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Huntingtin-associated protein 1; HAP1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Specificity for HAP-1 was confirmed by IHC. This antiserum is known to react with rat HAP-1. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (TROY) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Can mediate activation of c-Jun and NF-kappa-B. May promote caspase-independent cell death. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 may act as decoy receptors. SUBUNIT: Associates with TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF3 and TRAF5. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 1, isoform 3, isoform 4: Cell membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein (Probable). Isoform 2: Secreted protein (Probable). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 4 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in adult brain, and in embryos from day 11-17, but not earlier. Detected in embryonic brain and epithelium, and at lower levels in adult heart, lung and liver. In neonatal mice, mainly in hair follicles and neuron-like cells in the cerebellum, but not in the skin epidermis. Isoform 3 was found in embryonic day 17.5 skin but not in brain and liver. SIMILARITY: Contains 3 TNFR-Cys repeats.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CRPHRF KEDWGFQK) as part of mouse TROY protein (aa: 75-88) conjugated to the immunogenic protein Blue Carrier Protein
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 for immunohistochemistry. This antiserum has not yet been tested for western blot. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19; TNFRSF19; Toxicity and JNK inducer; TRADE
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Specificity for TROY was confirmed by IHC. This antiserum is known to react with rat TROY. Reactivity with other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Purification:
Whole serum
Target:
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (TROY)
FUNCTION: Seems to promote the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain and peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chicken,Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (YAEHKSHRGEY) as part of human (aa: 139-149), mouse and rat NT3 protein conjugated to BSA has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, ELISA, WB, inhibition of biological activity. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 is recommended for IHC, western blot. For inhibition of biological activity: 1:10-50 for in vitro, 5-10 µL/g body weight for in vivo. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
A cross reactivity of less than 0.1% to mouse NGF, recombinant human BDNF and NT4/5 has been shown by dot blot. This antiserum is known to react with rat, chicken and human NT3.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Seems to promotes the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain and peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chicken,Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human NT3
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, ELISA, WB, inhibition of biological activity. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:1000 is recommended for IHC, ELISA and western blot. For inhibition of biological activity: 1:10-50 for in vitro, 2-10 µL/g body weight for in vivo. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
A cross reactivity of less than 1% to mouse NGF, recombinant human BDNF and 5% to NT4/5 has been shown by dot blot. This antiserum is known to react with rat, chicken and human NT3.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
CNTF is a survival promoting factor for different types of neurons in vitro and in vivo. The essential structural features for the biological function of human CNTF were investigated by Thier, M. et al. They showed that deletion of 14 N-terminal and 18 C-terminal amino acids significantly increased bioactivity compared to wild-type CNTF. FUNCTION: CNTF is a survival factor for various neuronal cell types. Seems to prevent the degeneration of motor axons after axotomy. SUBUNIT: Homodimer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Nervous system. PHARMACEUTICAL: CNTF is being tested under the name Axokine by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals for treatment of human motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As it induces substantial weight loss, preferentially of fat as opposed to lean body mass, it is being used for obesity treatment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CNTF family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human CNTF
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1: 4000 is recommended for western blot. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Ciliary neurotrophic factor
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antibody specifically detects CNTF shown by western blot. This antiserum to known to react with rat, mouse and human CNTF protein.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
FUNCTION: Target-derived survival factor for peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highest levels in prostate, lower levels in thymus, placenta, and skeletal muscle. Expressed in embryonic and adult tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Primate,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human NT4
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, ELISA (1 site), Western Blot, inhibition of biological activity in vitro/in vivo. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 for immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot. 1:10 to 1:50 for inhibition of biological activity in vitro. Use neat for in vivo studies at 5-10 µL/g body weight. Note that the concentration of NT4 is generally low in most tissues nevertheless, neonatal testes of rat can be used as a good positive control. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Less than 1% cross-reactivity against NGF, recombinant human BDNF and 5% to NT3 has been shown by 1-site ELISA. Known to react with NT4 from rat and human, mouse and monkey.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
Rabbit anti-Neurokinin-3 Receptor (NK-3R) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide neuromedin K (neurokinin B). It is associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein. PTM: The anchoring of this receptor to the plasma membrane is probably mediated by the palmitoylation of a cysteine residue. MISCELLANEOUS: The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: neuromedin K > substance K > substance P. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (ASTTSSF ISSPYTSVDE YS) corresponding to the absolute C-terminal of rat NK-3 receptor protein (aa: 434-452) conjugated to KLH
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Neuromedin K receptor; NKR; Neurokinin B receptor; NK-3 receptor; NK-3R; Tachykinin receptor 3; Tacr3; Tac3r
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Specificity has been shown by western blot using rat brain homogenate. A band of 66 kDa, the theoretical MW of NK-3R, could be easily detected. This antiserum is know to cross react with rat NK-3 R.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Orexin-A Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum. Associated with perikaryal rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as cytoplasmic large granular vesicles at synapses. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orexin family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CRLYELLHGAGNHAAGILTL) as part of Bovine Orexin A (aa: 14-33) conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. This is a superb antiserum for immunohistochemistry on Orexin A containing neurons exhibiting intense labelling of neurons with very low back ground. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:2000 is recommended for this application. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Orexin-A; Hypocretin-1; Hcrt1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Kruger J.L. et al (2010) Cellular location and major terminal networks of the orexinergic system in the brains of five microchiropteran species. J Chem Neuroanat. 2010 Nov;40(3):256-62. Gaykema R.P. et al (2009) Lipopolysaccharide challenge-induced suppression of Fos in hypothalamic orexin neurons: their potential role in sickness behavior. Brain Behav Immun. 2009 Oct;23(7):926-30. Lee H.S. et al (2005) Retrograde study of hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) projections to subdivisions of the dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat. Brain Res. 2005 Oct 12;1059(1):35-45. Yao S.T. et al (2005) Water deprivation increases the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) but not orexin-A in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. J Comp Neurol. 2005 Sep 19;490(2):180-93.
Specificity:
The specificity for this antiserum has been confirmed by immunohistochemistry on rat brain and the results reflect the current literature. This antibody is known to react with rat Orexin A.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Nociceptin Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen, ELISA.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Nociceptin is the ligand of the opioid receptor-like receptor (OPRL1). It may act as a transmitter in the brain by modulating nociceptive and locomotor behavior. May be involved in neuronal differentiation and development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed predominantly in the spinal cord and brain, being more abundant in the hypothalamus and striatum. Also found in small amounts in ovary. PTM: Specific enzymatic cleavages at paired basic residues probably yield other active peptides besides nociceptin. PTM: The N-terminal domain contains 6 conserved cysteines thought to be involved in disulfide bonding and/or processing. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the opioid neuropeptide precursor family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Guinea Pig,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (C-TG ARKSARKLAN Q) as part of rat Nociceptin peptide (aa: 139-151) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, 1-site ELISA. A dilution of 1: 1000 to 1: 3000 is recommended for both applications. This antibody may also be used for staining of nerve fibres in guinea pig myenteric plexus. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
There are no synonyms for this peptide; however the precursor protein contains: Neuropeptide 1; Nociceptin (Orphanin FQ; PPNOC; ORL1 receptor agonist); Neuropeptide 2
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Specificity has been tested by the use of different peptides including enkephalin, dynorphin and endorphin for absorption in immunihistochemistry. This antibody is known to cross react with guinea pig and rat.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Contactin-6 Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
The neural adhesion molecule Contactin-6, also known as NB-3, is a contactin/F3 subgroup member of immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed exclusively in the nervous system and mainly upregulated at the early postnatal stage during mouse brain development. Employing Northern blot analysis Kamei et al found that amongst different regions of the adult human nervous system cerebellum expressed highest level of NB-3 mRNA. The expression of NB-3 in the cerebellum increases until adulthood. In contrast, the expression in the cerebrum declines to a low level after postnatal day 7. NB-3 like other neural recognition molecules plays a vitally important role in axonal guidance during development, plasticity, and maintenance of synaptic connections in the adult brain. Cui et al recently showed that NB-3 acts as a novel Notch ligand to participate in oligodendrocyte generation. Furthermore, NB-3 triggers nuclear translocation of the Notch intracellular domain and promotes oligodendrogliogenesis from progenitor cells and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via Deltex1. In primary oligodendrocytes, NB-3 increases myelin-associated glycoprotein transcripts. Hence, the NB-3/Notch signaling pathway may be worthwhile a closer examination for its potential for the treatment of demyelinating diseases. Human NB-3 shares with rat NB-3 86% identity in nucleotide sequences and 90% identity in amino acid sequences. FUNCTION: Contactins mediate cell surface interactions during nervous system development. Participates in oligodendrocytes generation by acting as a ligand of NOTCH1. Its association with NOTCH1 promotes NOTCH1 activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Involved in motor coordination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; lipid-anchor; GPI-anchor. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in brain. In brain, it is preferentially expressed in the accessory olfactory bulb, layers II/III and V of the cerebral cortex, piriform cortex, anterior thalamic nuclei, locus coeruleus of the pons and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (GYPSPHYRWKQ) as part of mouse contactin-6 conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1: 4000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Neural recognition molecule NB-3; mNB-3
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum stains beautifully the NB3 in DRG, where it nicely stains a subpopulation of neurons and in the trigeminal nerve root, where staining is restricted to the oligodendrocytes. Confirmed to react with rat Contactin-6 and expected to recognise human and mouse Contactin-6 as well.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for increased stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
Rabbit anti-Myelin basic protein (MBP) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Myelin is a membrane characteristic of the nervous tissue and functions as an insulator to increase the velocity of the stimuli being transmitted between a nerve cell body and its target. Myelin isolated from human and bovine nervous tissue is composed of approximately 80% lipid and 20% protein, and 30% of the protein fraction constitutes myelin basic protein (MBP). MBP is an 'intrinsically unstructured' protein with a high proportion (approximately 75%) of random coil, but postulated to have core elements of beta-sheet and alpha-helix. MBP is a major protein in CNS myelin and is expressed specifically in the nervous system. A detailed immunochemical examination of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody responses to MBP and its peptides has revealed the existence of as many as 27 antigenic determinants, many of them conformational. Topological mapping of the potential antigenic determinants onto a model of MBP secondary structure places these determinants within 11 separate regions of the molecule, including those portions that have been found to be encephalitogenic. The message for myelin basic protein is selectively translocated to the ends of the cell processes. Immunization with myelin-associated antigens including MBP significantly promotes recovery after spinal cord contusion injury in the rat model. FUNCTION: Is, with PLP, the most abundant protein component of the myelin membrane in the CNS. Has a role in both the formation and stabilization of this compact multilayer arrangement of bilayers. Each splice variant and charge isomer may have a specialized function in the assembly of an optimized, biochemically functional myelin membrane (By similarity). SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Myelin membrane; peripheral membrane protein; cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasmic side of myelin. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Found in both the central and the peripheral nervous system.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Guinea Pig,Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (YG SLPQKSQRSQ DENPVV, aa: 68-86) as part of guinea pig MBP protein conjugated to KLH
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:4000 is recommended. Immunostaining for MBP of abnormal appearing oligodendrocytic process and cell bodies in demyelinating areas. This antibody recognises only areas of myelin degeneration when tested in injured spinal cord and lesioned sciatic nerves. It also stains discrete white matter in the brain of multiple system atrophy. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Myelin Basic Protein
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum recognizes MBP in demyelinated nerve tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of lesioned rat spinal cord indictaes a high level of specificity for this antiserum. This antiserum reacts with human and rat MBP.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
DBH is an oxireductase belonging to the copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase family. DBH exists as a homotetramer composed of two non-covalently bound disulfide-linked dimers. It is present in the synaptic vesicles of postganglionic sympathetic neurons and converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It binds 2 copper ions and 1 PQQ per subunit . Depending on the presence of a signal peptide, DBH can exist in both soluble and membrane-bound forms.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Guinea Pig,Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Native enzyme prepared from Bovine adrenal glands. Purity was greater than 95% by PAGE.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC (frozen), Western Blot, radioimmunoassay and inhibition of enzymatic activity. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:500 to 1: 2000. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Bowolaksono A. (2012) Molecular Regulation of Noradrenaline in Bovine Corpus Luteum. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences June 2012 Vol. 19 No. 2, p 81-87 Blanco-Centurion C. et al (2004) Effects of hypocretin2-saporin and antidopamine-beta-hydroxylase-saporin neurotoxic lesions of the dorsolateral pons on sleep and muscle tone. Eur J Neurosci. 2004 May;19(10):2741-52. Ohshita N. et al (2004) Characteristics of the trigeminal depressor response in cats. J Neurosci Res. 2004 Jun 15;76(6):891-901.
Specificity:
This antiserum has been extensively characterised in several laboratories. It reacts with a single band on western blot of bovine adrenal homogenates and stains only cells known to contain DBH, such as sympathetic neurons, adrenal medullary cells and central adrenergic neurons. Staining is abolished by preincubation with the enzyme. This antibody is known to react with bovine, human, guinea pig and rat DBH.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8°C. After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
Rabbit anti-Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Required for autophagy. Conjugates to ATG12 and associates with isolation membrane to form cup-shaped isolation membrane and autophagosome. The conjugate detaches from the membrane immediately before or after autophagosome formation is completed. FUNCTION: May play an important role in the apoptotic process, possibly within the modified cytoskeleton. Its expression is a relatively late event in the apoptotic process, occurring downstream of caspase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Colocalizes with nonmuscle actin. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitous. The mRNA is present at similar levels in viable and apoptotic cells, whereas the protein is dramatically highly expressed in apoptotic cells. INDUCTION: By apoptotic stimuli. PTM: Conjugated to ATG12; which is essential for autophagy, but is not required for association with isolation membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG5 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal of human ATG-5L. No immunogenic carrier protein was conjugated to the immunogen. Instead, Adjukine B has been used to orchestrate/boost the immune response.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence, WB. A dilution of 1:200 to 1:1000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Autophagy protein 5; APG5-like; APG 5; Apoptosis-specific protein; APG5; ATG5; APG5L; ASP
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
E.N. Wilson et al (2011) A Switch Between Cytoprotective and Cytotoxic Autophagy in the Radiosensitization of Breast Tumor Cells by Chloroquine and Vitamin D. Horm Cancer. 2011 Sep 2. Bristol ML et al (2012) Dual functions of autophagy in the response of breast tumor cells to radiation: cytoprotective autophagy with radiation alone and cytotoxic autophagy in radiosensitization by vitamin D 3. Autophagy. 2012 May 1;8(5):739-53. Guido C et al (2012) Metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts by TGF-? drives tumor growth: connecting TGF-_ signaling with "Warburg-like" cancer metabolism and L-lactate production. Cell Cycle. 2012 Aug 15;11(16):3019-35.
Specificity:
IHC and WB confirmed the specificity for ATG5. Human, not yet tested in other species.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Required for autophagy. SUBUNIT: Conjugated to ATG5. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitous. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG12 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal of human ATG12 protein has been used as the immunogen. No immunogenic carrier protein was conjugated to the immunogen. Instead, Adjukine B (see the Adjuvants in biosensis' product list) has been used to orchestrate/boost the immune response.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence, WB. A dilution of 1:200 to 1:1000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Autophagy-related protein 12; APG12-like; APG 12; ATG12; APG12; APG12L
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
IHC and WB confirmed the specificity for ATG12. Human, rat
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Parkinson disease protein 2 (Parkin) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ELISA.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. These substrates include SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, STUB1, a 22 kDa O-linked glycosylated isoform of SNCAIP and SEPT5. May play a more general role in the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway by participating in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein. Loss of this ubiquitin ligase activity appears to be the mechanism underlying pathogenesis of PARK2. May protect neurons against alpha synuclein toxicity, proteasomal dysfunction, GPR37 accumulation, and kainate-induced excitotoxicity. May play a role in controlling neurotransmitter trafficking at the presynaptic terminal and in calcium-dependent exocytosis. Regulates cyclin E during neuronal apoptosis. May represent a tumor suppressor gene. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Co-localizes with STY11 in neutrites. Co-localizes with SNCAIP in brainstem Lewy bodies. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in the brain including the substantia nigra. Expressed in heart, testis and skeletal muscle. Expression is down-regulated or absent in tumor biopsies, and absent in the brain of PARK2 patients. Overexpression protects dopamine neurons from kainate-mediated apoptosis.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Guinea Pig,Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (RILGEEQYNRYQQYGAEEC) as part of human Parkin conjugated to diphtheria toxoid has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB, immunoblot, 1-site ELISA. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 is recommended for these applications. This antiserum stains trigeminal motor neurons in rat brain stem. A 50 kDa band was identified in rat brain extract using western blot. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Ubiquitin E3 ligase PRKN; Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2; Parkinson disease protein 2; PARK2; PRKN
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Francelin C et al (2021) BACE1 Inhibition Increases Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress by Promoting Mitochondrial Damage. Antioxidants (Basel). 10(10):1539. E. Rubio de la Torre et al (2009) Combined kinase inhibition modulates parkin inactivation. Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Mar 1;18(5):809-23. D'Agata V. et al (2009) Parkin expression profile in dopamine d3 receptor knock-out mice brains. Neurochem Res. 2009 Feb;34(2):327-32. Tamo W. et al (2007) Parkin is expressed in vascular endothelial cells. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Jun 4;419(3):199-201. Trimmer P.A. et al (2004) Parkinson's disease transgenic mitochondrial cybrids generate Lewy inclusion bodies. J Neurochem. 2004 Feb;88(4):800-12. Denison S.R. et al (2004) Alterations in the common fragile site gene Parkin in ovarian and other cancers. Oncogene. 2003 Nov 13;22(51):8370-8. Pawlyk A.C. et al (2003) Novel monoclonal antibodies demonstrate biochemical variation of brain parkin with age. J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 28;278(48):48120-8. Horowitz J.M. et al (2001) Spatial distribution, cellular integration and stage development of Parkin protein in Xenopus brain. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2001 Jan 31;126(1):31-41.
Specificity:
This antiserum is known to specifically recognise Parkin shown by IHC and WB. This antibody is known to react with Parkin of guinea pig and rat.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8°C. After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Parkinson disease protein 2 (Parkin) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. These substrates include SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, STUB1, a 22 kDa O-linked glycosylated isoform of SNCAIP and SEPT5. May play a more general role in the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway by participating in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein. Loss of this ubiquitin ligase activity appears to be the mechanism underlying pathogenesis of PARK2. May protect neurons against alpha synuclein toxicity, proteasomal dysfunction, GPR37 accumulation, and kainate-induced excitotoxicity. May play a role in controlling neurotransmitter trafficking at the presynaptic terminal and in calcium-dependent exocytosis. Regulates cyclin E during neuronal apoptosis. May represent a tumor suppressor gene. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Co-localizes with STY11 in neutrites. Co-localizes with SNCAIP in brainstem Lewy bodies. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in the brain including the substantia nigra. Expressed in heart, testis and skeletal muscle. Expression is down-regulated or absent in tumor biopsies, and absent in the brain of PARK2 patients. Overexpression protects dopamine neurons from kainate-mediated apoptosis.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (NSLIKELHHFRILGEEQ) as part of human Parkin conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1:1000 is recommended for immunohistochemistry and 1:2000 for western blot. Nice staining is achieved in neuronal and cytoplasmic granules sections treated with citrate buffer for antigen retrieval. Few inclusions are stained but these were not positively identified as Lewy bodies. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Ubiquitin E3 ligase PRKN; Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2; Parkinson disease protein 2; PARK2; PRKN
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Song Y. J. C. et al (2009). Degeneration in different parkinsonian syndromes relates to astrocyte type and astrocyte protein expression. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. Oct 2009;68(10):1073-1083 Huang Y. et al (2008). LRRK2 and parkin immunoreactivity in multiple system atrophy inclusions. Acta Neuropathol. 2008 Dec;116(6):639-46.
Specificity:
This antiserum is known to be highly specific for Parkin shown by IHC and WB. This antibody is known to react with rat and human Parkin.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Ubiquitin-like protein which binds to a wide range of target proteins. Does not seem to be involved in protein degradation and may function as an antagonist of ubiquitin in the degradation process. Plays a role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Involved in targeting RANGAP1 to the nuclear pore complex protein RANBP2. SUBUNIT: Covalently attached to a number of proteins such as PmL, RANGAP1, HIPK2, SP100, p53, p73alpha, MDM2, JUN and DNMT3B. Also interacts with HIF1A, HIPK2, HIPK3, CHD3, PIAS1, EXOSC9, TDG, RAD51 and RAD52. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus; nuclear membrane. Nucleus; nucleoplasm; nuclear speckle. Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SMT3 subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 ubiquitin-like domain.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (AKPSTEDLGDKKEGEY) as part of human SUMO-1 peptide (aa: 6-21) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid has been used as the immunogen. This antigen is homologous with SUMO-1 of rat.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:2000 is recommended for immunohistochemistry and 1:2000 to 1:4000 for western blot. Cell lysate from Hela and NIH-3T3 cell lysates may be used as a positive control, and for IHC, lung carcinoma may be used. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1; Ubiquitin-like protein SMT3C; SMT3 homolog 3; Ubiquitin-homology domain protein PIC1; Ubiquitin-like protein UBL1; GAP-modifying protein 1; GMP1; Sentrin; SUMO1; SMT3C; SMT3H3; UBL1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum recognises human SUMO-1 and not ubiquitin. This antiserum is known to cross react with rat and human SUMO-1.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Synphilin-1 (Sph1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Synuclein alpha interacting protein (Synphilin-1) contains several protein-protein interaction domains and interacts with alpha synuclein in neurons. Mutations of SNCAIP have been linked to Parkinson disease. The amino acid sequence of synphilin-1 shares a high level of identity with its human counterpart, particularly in regions containing ankyrin-like motifs and the coiled-coil domain. Expression pattern of synphilin-1 in tissues is similar in both mouse and human. Synphilin-1 has an important role in the formation of aggregates and cytotoxicity in Parkinson disease and also Dorfin may be involved in the pathogenic process by ubiquitylation of synphilin-1.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (SLELNGEKDKDKGRTLQRT) as part of human synphilin-1a conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1: 1000 to 1:2000 is recommended for this application. This antiserum will stain Lewy bodies in Dorsal raphe nucleus of Parkinson's diseased human brain. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
A high level of specificity has been shown for this antiserum by IHC on human brain. This antiserum is known to react with rat and human synphilin-1a.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Synphilin-1 (Sph1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Synuclein alpha interacting protein (Synphilin-1) contains several protein-protein interaction domains and interacts with alpha synuclein in neurons. Mutations of SNCAIP have been linked to Parkinson disease. The amino acid sequence of synphilin-1 shares a high level of identity with its human counterpart, particularly in regions containing ankyrin-like motifs and the coiled-coil domain. Expression pattern of synphilin-1 in tissues is similar in both mouse and human. Synphilin-1 has an important role in the formation of aggregates and cytotoxicity in Parkinson disease and also Dorfin may be involved in the pathogenic process by ubiquitylation of synphilin-1.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CASKGKNKAA) as part of human synphilin-1a conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1: 1000 to 1:2000 is recommended for immunohistochemistry and 1:500-1:1000 for western blot. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
A high level of specificity has been shown for this antiserum by IHC on human brain. This antiserum is known to react with rat and human synphilin-1a.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Therefore the regulation of the TH enzyme represents the central means for controlling the synthesis of these important catecholamines. FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin. COFACTOR: Fe(2+) ion. ENZYME REGULATION: Phosphorylation leads to an increase in the catalytic activity. PATHWAY: Catecholamine biosynthesis; first step. SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. PTM: In vitro, phosphorylation of Ser-19 increases the rate of Ser-40 phosphorylation, which results in enzyme opening and activation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. The presence of different DNA sequences at the TH locus confers susceptibility to various disorders of the brain including manic-depression and schizophrenia. Parkinson's disease is also considered a TH deficiency as low dopamine levels are a consistent neurochemical abnormality.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Guinea Pig,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (PRFIGRRQSLIEDARK) as part of human Tyrosine Hydroxylase (63-78) conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from TH protein in rat (31-47).
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
<b>Immunohistochemistry (IHC):</b> 1:2,000 to 1:5,000, dilutions of up to 1:100,000 have been reported. This is a superb antibody for detection of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) containing neurons exhibiting an intense labelling with a negligible background. This antiserum has proven extremely useful for staining of catecholaminergic neurons. It stains nicely and intensely dendritic processes and fine nerve terminals. We recommend mouse or rat brain containing catecholaminergic neurons as a positive control for this antibody, for example brain stem or striatum. <br><b>Western blotting (WB)</b>: 1:100 to 1:500. Antibody has been tested on RIPA-extracted PC12 cell lysate and shown to be specific for TH (~60 kDa). Tissue homogenates show a higher level of non-specific binding and presence of uncharacterized bands. Affinity-purified anti-TH antibody (R-148-50) is recommended for tissue homogenates. <br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Pierre S.R., Lemmens M.A., Figueiredo-Pereira M.E. (2009) Subchronic infusion of the product of inflammation prostaglandin J2 models sporadic Parkinson's disease in mice J Neuroinflammation. Jul 25;6:18 Takeoka A. et al (2010) Noradrenergic innervation of the rat spinal cord caudal to a complete spinal cord transection: effects of olfactory ensheathing glia J Exp Neurol. 2010 Mar;222(1):59-69. Brown R.E. et al (2008) Characterization of GABAergic neurons in rapid-eye-movement sleep controlling regions of the brainstem reticular formation in GAD67-green fluorescent protein knock-in mice. Eur J Neurosci. 2008 Jan;27(2):352-63. Bisem NJ et al (2012) Mapping of FGF1 in the Medulla Oblongata of Macaca fascicularis. Acta Histochem Cytochem. 2012 Dec 26;45(6):325-34.
Specificity:
IHC on brain shows a pattern of staining specific for TH containing neurons. This antibody is known to react with rat, mouse and guinea pig. Cross reactivity with other species has not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: This is a specific receptor for parathyroid hormone. The activity of this receptor is mediated by g proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. PTHR2 may be responsible for PTH effects in a number of physiological systems. It may play a significant role in pancreatic function. PTHR2 presence in neurons indicates that it may function as a neurotransmitter receptor. SUBUNIT: Binds to TIPF39/TIP39. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Abundantly expressed in brain, arterial and cardiac endothelium. Found as well in sperm, in the head of the epididymis. Lower expression is found in vascular smooth muscle, exocrine pancreas, testis and placenta. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (RQIDSHVTLPGYVWSSSEQDC) of rat Parathyroid hormone receptor protein (aa: 481-501) conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:1000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Specificity has been shown by western blot. A band of 63 kDa corresponding to the theoretical molecular weight of Parathyroid hormone receptor is easily detectable by WB. Absorption of the antiserum with the immunising peptide abolished the binding of the antibody to the target hence detectability of the band. This antibody is known to react with rat Parathyroid hormone receptor.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Tyrosine Kinase Receptor B (TrkB) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4/5 but not nerve growth factor (NGF). Involved in the development and/or maintenance of the nervous system. This is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor. Known substrates for the TRK receptors are SHC1, PI-3 kinase, and PLC-gamma-1. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate. SUBUNIT: Exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomeric (low affinity) and dimeric (high affinity) structures (By similarity). Binds APS. Interacts with SQSTM1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 3 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: The different forms are differentially expressed in various cell types. Isoform T2 is primarily expressed in neurons. PTM: Ligand-mediated auto-phosphorylation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (AFPRLEPNSIDPEN(C)) as part of rat TrkB protein (aa: 54-67) conjugated to KLH
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:3000 is recommended for this application. For WB, a 1:500 to 1:1000 dilution is recommended. The sequence of the immunogen and the conjugate are identical to the one used by Yan et al (see the Refs) and the antiserum appears to have similar characteristics. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Warren PM et al. (2018) "Rapid and robust restoration of breathing long after spinal cord injury." Nat Commun. 2018 Nov. PMID: 30482901 9(1):4843. Application: IHC/IF. Species: Rat, spinal cord sections. Wang T et al. (2016) "Flux of signalling endosomes undergoing axonal retrograde transport is encoded by presynaptic activity and TrkB." Nat Commun. 2016 Sep. PMID: 27687129 30(7):12976. Application: IF & structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Species: Rat, Mouse; fixed 4% PFA with 4% sucrose Matusica D et al. (2016) Inhibition of motor neuron death in vitro and in vivo by a p75 neurotrophin receptor intracellular domain fragment. J Cell Sci. 2016 Feb 1;129(3):517-30. Application: WB. Brock JH et al. (2010) Local and remote growth factor effects after primate spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2010 Jul 21;30(29):9728-37. Gruber H. et al. (2008) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor in the human and the sand rat intervertebral disc. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008; 10(4): R82.
Specificity:
Sequence was chosen to avoid cross reactivity with TrkA and TrkC. This antiserum recognises human, rat and mouse TrkB. Cross reactivity with other species has not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Noxa Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
The Bcl-2 family of proteins which regulate apoptosis share identical sequences called Bcl-2 Homology domains (BH1-4). The BH3 proteins, including BID, NOXA, PUMA, BIK, BIM and BAD are all pro-apoptotic and share sequence identity within the amphipathic alpha-helical BH3 region, which is essential for their apoptotic function. NOXA is highly expressed in adult T-cell leukemia cell line.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (MPGRKARRNA PVNPTR) as part of mouse Noxa (aa: 1-16) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:2000 is recommended for this application. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
PMAIP1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1; adult T cell leukemia-derived PMA-responsive; Immediate-early-response protein APR; PMA-induced protein 1; Pmaip1; Noxa
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Western blot analysis of cells infected with Noxa adenoviruses and BAF indicates a high level of specificity for this antiserum. This antiserum cross-reacts with mouse. Not yet tested in other species.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Noxa Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
The Bcl-2 family of proteins which regulate apoptosis share identical sequences called Bcl-2 Homology domains (BH1-4). The BH3 proteins, including BID, NOXA, PUMA, BIK, BIM and BAD are all pro-apoptotic and share sequence identity within the amphipathic alpha-helical BH3 region, which is essential for their apoptotic function. NOXA is highly expressed in adult T-cell leukemia cell line.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CAQLRR IGDKVNLRQK) as part of mouse Noxa (aa: 75-90) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:2000 is recommended for this application. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
PMAIP1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1; adult T cell leukemia-derived PMA-responsive; Immediate-early-response protein APR; PMA-induced protein 1; Pmaip1; Noxa
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Western blot analysis of cells infected with Noxa adenoviruses and BAF indicates a high level of specificity for this antiserum. This antiserum cross-reacts with mouse. Not yet tested in other species.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + H2O2. COFACTOR: Binds 1 copper ion per subunit. COFACTOR: Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. SUBUNIT: Homodimer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. DISEASE: Defects in SOD1 are the cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS); also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (ALS1 or ALS). ALS is a degenerative disorder of motorneurons in the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. ALS is characterized by muscular weakness and atrophy beginning in the hands and spreading to the forearms and legs. Muscle fasciculations are commonly visible. Sensory abnormalities are absent. Death usually occurs within 2 to 5 years. ALS is sometimes referred to as Lou Gehrig disease after the famous American baseball player who was diagnosed with the disorder. FALS, the familial form of ALS, accounts for about 10% of the cases and is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. The mean age at onset of FALS is 45 years. MISCELLANEOUS: Zinc binding promotes dimerization. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (ESNGPVK VWGSIK) as part of human superoxide dismutase (SOD1) protein (aa: 24-36) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:1000 is recommended for this application. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]; SOD1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Specificity was confirmed by western blot detecting human superoxide dismutase (SOD1). This antiserum is known to react with human superoxide dismutase (SOD1).
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + H2O2. COFACTOR: Binds 1 copper ion per subunit. COFACTOR: Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. SUBUNIT: Homodimer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. DISEASE: Defects in SOD1 are the cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS); also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (ALS1 or ALS). ALS is a degenerative disorder of motorneurons in the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. ALS is characterized by muscular weakness and atrophy beginning in the hands and spreading to the forearms and legs. Muscle fasciculations are commonly visible. Sensory abnormalities are absent. Death usually occurs within 2 to 5 years. ALS is sometimes referred to as Lou Gehrig disease after the famous American baseball player who was diagnosed with the disorder. FALS, the familial form of ALS, accounts for about 10% of the cases and is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. The mean age at onset of FALS is 45 years. MISCELLANEOUS: Zinc binding promotes dimerization. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (ASGEPVV LSGQIT) as part of mouse superoxide dismutase (SOD1) protein (aa: 24-36) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:1000 is recommended for this application. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]; SOD1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Park KH et al. (2013) Postnatal muscle modification by myogenic factors modulates neuropathology and survival in an ALS mouse model. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2906.
Specificity:
Specificity was confirmed by western blot detecting mouse superoxide dismutase (SOD1). This antiserum is known to react with mouse and rat superoxide dismutase (SOD1) protein.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Contactin-6 Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
The neural adhesion molecule Contactin-6, also known as NB-3, is a contactin/F3 subgroup member of immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed exclusively in the nervous system and mainly upregulated at the early postnatal stage during mouse brain development. Employing Northern blot analysis Kamei et al found that amongst different regions of the adult human nervous system cerebellum expressed highest level of NB-3 mRNA. The expression of NB-3 in the cerebellum increases until adulthood. In contrast, the expression in the cerebrum declines to a low level after postnatal day 7. NB-3 like other neural recognition molecules plays a vitally important role in axonal guidance during development, plasticity, and maintenance of synaptic connections in the adult brain. Cui et al recently showed that NB-3 acts as a novel Notch ligand to participate in oligodendrocyte generation. Furthermore, NB-3 triggers nuclear translocation of the Notch intracellular domain and promotes oligodendrogliogenesis from progenitor cells and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via Deltex1. In primary oligodendrocytes, NB-3 increases myelin-associated glycoprotein transcripts. Hence, the NB-3/Notch signaling pathway may be worthwhile a closer examination for its potential for the treatment of demyelinating diseases. Human NB-3 shares with rat NB-3 86% identity in nucleotide sequences and 90% identity in amino acid sequences. FUNCTION: Contactins mediate cell surface interactions during nervous system development. Participates in oligodendrocytes generation by acting as a ligand of NOTCH1. Its association with NOTCH1 promotes NOTCH1 activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Involved in motor coordination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; lipid-anchor; GPI-anchor. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in brain. In brain, it is preferentially expressed in the accessory olfactory bulb, layers II/III and V of the cerebral cortex, piriform cortex, anterior thalamic nuclei, locus coeruleus of the pons and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Highly expressed after birth, reaching a maximum at the postnatal day 7, and declines thereafter in the cerebrum, whereas it increases in the cerebellum to adulthood.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (KLHKMSSLSSVGVQILKPSTQF) as part of rat contactin-6 conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1: 5000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Neural recognition molecule NB-3; mNB-3
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum stains beautifully the NB3 in DRG, where it nicely stains a subpopulation of neurons and in the trigeminal nerve root, where staining is restricted to the oligodendrocytes. Confirmed to react with rat Contactin-6
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at minus 20ºC for increased stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 are membrane receptors for adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes which regulates energy homeostatis and insulin sensitivity.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. 15% glycerol
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse
Immunogen:
The intracellular portion of mouse Adiponectin Receptor 1 protein (amino acids: 4-142) conjugated to GST.
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Western Blotting. A dilution of 1:2000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Adipor1; AdipoR1; Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member I; ADIPOR1; PAQR1;TESBP1A; CGI-45;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum is known to recognise both mouse and human Adiponectin Receptor 1.
Storage:
Aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 are membrane receptors for adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes which regulates energy homeostatis and insulin sensitivity.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. 15% glycerol
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse
Immunogen:
Human Adiponectin Receptor 2 protein (amino acids: 78-219) conjugated to GST.
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Western Blotting. A dilution of 1:2000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member II; ADIPOR2; PAQR2;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum is known to recognise both mouse and human Adiponectin Receptor 2.
Storage:
Aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (APPL1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
APPL1 (adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motif 1) mediates adiponectin signaling in various types of cells. APPL1 is also thought to have a role in insulin signaling.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse
Immunogen:
The C-terminus of Human APPL1 protein (amino acids: 455-709) conjugated to GST.
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunoprecipitation (IP). A dilution of 1:1,000 is recommended for WB. A concentration of 3 µL/reaction is recommended for IP. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
DCC-interacting protein 13-alpha; Dip13-alpha; Adapter protein containing PH domain; PTB domain and leucine zipper motif 1; APPL1; APPL; DIP13A; KIAA1428;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum is known to recognise both mouse and human APPL1.
Storage:
At least 12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Purification:
Whole serum
Target:
Adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (APPL1)
Rabbit anti-Adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 2 (APPL2) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
APPL2 is an isoform of APPL1 with 54% identity in their protein sequences. APPL2 has a role in cell proliferation and embryonic development. Recently, it was shown that APPL2 regulates FSH signaling and acts as a negative regulator in adiponectin signaling.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. 15% glycerol
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse
Immunogen:
Mouse APPL2 protein (amino acids: 619-662) conjugated to GST.
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunoprecipitation (IP). A dilution between 1:2500 and 1:5000 is recommended for WB. A concentration of 3 µL/reaction is recommended for IP. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
DCC-interacting protein 13-beta; Dip13-beta; Adapter protein containing PH domain; PTB domain and leucine zipper motif 2; APPL2; DIP13B;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum is known to recognise both mouse and human APPL2.
Storage:
Aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Purification:
Whole serum
Target:
Adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 2 (APPL2)
Rabbit anti-PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (phosphorylated and non phosphorylated) (PERK) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
PERK (PKR-like ER kinase) is a single-pass type I ER membrane protein with a stress-sensing luminal domain connected by a transmembrane segment to a cytoplasmic-kinase domain.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. 50% glycerol
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse
Immunogen:
A recombinant peptide from mouse PERK.
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunoprecipitation (IP). A dilution of 1:500 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 30 µL of antibody in a total reaction mixture of 500 µL is recommended for IP. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Feliziani C. et al (2022) Ca2+ signalling system initiated by Endoplasmic reticulum stress stimulates PERK activation Cell Calcium. 2022 [Epub ahead of print] Bollo M. et al (2010) Calcineurin interacts with PERK and dephosphorylates calnexin to relieve ER stress in mammals and frogs PLoS One. 2010 Aug 5;5(8)
Specificity:
This antiserum is known to recognise both phosphorylated and non phosphorylated mouse PERK.
Storage:
Aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Purification:
Whole serum
Target:
PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (phosphorylated and non phosphorylated) (PERK)
Rabbit anti-Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma (MAP1LC3C) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ICC.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Probably involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). SUBUNIT: 3 different light chains, LC1, LC2 and LC3, can associate with MAP1A and MAP1B proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: LC3-I: Cytoplasm. LC3-II: Intracytoplasmic membrane; lipid-anchor. LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Most abundant in placenta, lung and ovary. PTM: The precursor molecule is cleaved by APG4B/ATG4B to form the cytosolic form, LC3-I. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MAP1 LC3 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CQEEVAGIRAKF) corresponding to the N-terminal of human MAP1LC3 C conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence deriven from MAP1LC3 C protein in Macaca mulatta (monkey) and Canis familiaris (dog).
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence, WB. A dilution of 1:100 to 1:1000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
IHC and WB confirmed the specificity for MAP1LC3 C . This antibody should recognise MAP1LC3 C only and not the other forms MAP1LC3A and MAP1LC3B. Human, other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Purification:
Whole serum
Target:
Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma (MAP1LC3C)
FUNCTION: Involved in intra-Golgi traffic. Modulates intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1. SUBUNIT: Monomer. Interacts with GABRG2, NSF, GOSR1 and beta-tubulin. Interacts with ULK1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitous. Expressed at high levels in the brain, heart, prostate, ovary, spleen and skeletal muscle. Expressed at very low levels in lung, thymus and small intestine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MAP1 LC3 family. ESTIMATED MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 13.667 kDa.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CVESAKIRAKYP) corresponding to the N-terminal of human GABARAP L2 (GABARAPL2) protein has been used as the immunogen. The sequence is homologous with mouse and rat form of GABARAP L2 (GABARAPL2).
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence, WB. A dilution of 1:200 to 1:1000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2; GABA(A) receptor-associated protein-like 2; Ganglioside expression factor 2; GEF-2; General protein transport factor p16; MAP1 light chain 3-related protein; GABARAPL2; FLC3A; GEF2;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
IHC, WB and ELISA confirmed the specificity for GABARAP L2 (GABARAPL2). A 14 kDa band, that corresponds to the molecular weight of GABARAPL2, is detected via western blot analysis. Human, rat. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
GABARAP is highly positively charged in its N-terminus and shares sequence homology with MAP1LC3 1A and 1B. This protein clusters neurotransmitter receptors (GABA(A) receptors) by mediating interaction with the cytoskeleton. SUBUNIT: Interacts with GABRG2, TUBA1, ULK1 and NSF. Interacts with beta-tubulin and GPHN. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Intracytoplasmic membrane. Cytoskeleton. Largely associated with intracellular membrane structures including the Golgi apparatus and post-synaptic cisternae. Colocalizes with microtubules. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Heart, brain, placenta, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (FEKRRSEGEKIC) corresponding to the N-terminal of human GABARAP protein has been used as the immunogen. The sequence is homologous with mouse and rat form of GABARAP.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence, WB. A dilution of 1:200 to 1:1000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
IHC, WB and ELISA confirmed the specificity for GABARAP. Human, rat. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Purification:
Whole serum
Target:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP)
Rabbit anti-Autophagy-related protein 10 (ATG10) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
ATG10 plays a role in autophagy. It is an E2-like enzyme involved in 2 ubiquitin-like modifications essential for autophagosome formation: ATG12-ATG5 conjugations and modificatioon of a soluble form of MAPLC3 1A, a homolog of yeast ATG8, to a membrane bound form. It is also able to directly interact either with ATG5 or ATG7.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
A peptide (CLKNSQKINKNV) corresponding to the C-terminal of human ATG10 protein has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence. A dilution of 1:100 to 1:1000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Autophagy-related protein 10; APG10-like; ATG10
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Ryningen A et al (2012) Inhibition of Mammalian target of rapamycin in human acute myeloid leukemia cells has diverse effects that depend on the environmental in vitro stress. Bone Marrow Res. 2012;2012:329061.
Specificity:
IHC, WB and ELISA confirmed the specificity for ATG10. Human. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at minus 20ºC for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
MAP1A and MAP1B are microtubule-associated protein which mediate the physical interactions between microtubules and components of the cytoskeleton (probably involved in autophagosome formation). MAP1A and MAP1B each consist of a heavy chain subunit and 3 different light chain subunits (LC1, LC2 and LC3). MAP1LC3A is one of the light chain subunits and can associate with either MAP1A or MAP1B. The precursor form of MAP1LC3A is cleaved by APG4/ATG4B to form the cytosolic form LC3-1. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II. MAP1LC3A is most abundant in heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle and testis but is absent in thymus and peripheral leukocytes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (RSFADRCKEVQQI) corresponding to the N-terminal of human MAP1LC3 A protein conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen. The sequence is homologous with mouse and rat MAP1LC3 A.
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunohistochemistry on 4% PFA fixed or 2% PLP fixation, 1:100-1000 primary antibody dilution. IC, Immunocytochemistry: acetone fixed specimens recommended. 1:100-1:1000 primary antibody dilution. Western Blot: R-146-100 requires samples to be denatured ONLY by boiling in SDS solution, not reduced. No signal is achieved using reduced samples. (Samples treated with DTT or Beta mercaptoethanol). 1:500 overnight 4 degrees is recommended for primary antibody dilution in western blots. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
IHC, WB and ELISA confirmed the specificity for MAP1LC3 A. Human, rat. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Tyrosine Kinase Receptor B (TrkB) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen, ELISA.
Background Info:
TrkB is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase family. It is a membrane-bound receptor and upon neurotrophin binding, it phosphorylates itself as well as MAPK pathways members. TrkB is the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4/5 but not nerve growth factor (NGF). It is Involved in the development and/or maintenance of the nervous system. SUBUNIT: Exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomeric (low affinity) and dimeric (high affinity) structures. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 4 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: The different forms are differentially expressed in various cell types. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 protein kinase domain. Mutations in the TrkB gene have been associated with obesity and mood disorders.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Extracellular domain of glycosylated mouse TrkB protein produced in CHO cells was used as the immunogen. As shown for similar antisera, it is anticipated that this antibody will block the TrkB receptor binding of corresponding neurotrophin ligand.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IF (1:1000-1:3000), 1-site ELISA (1:10,000 dilution). A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:3000 o/n is recommended for IF. 4% PFA frozen sections tested. Not yet tested on paraffin embedded tissues. Use triton X-100 permeabilizaiton with frozen sections. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Rudolph M (2020). Mesolimbic GluA1 AMPA Receptor Signaling in Dopaminergic Neurons Plays a Critical Role in the Induction of Cross-Sensitization to Psychostimulants in Response to Social Stress. PhD Thesis. Application: IHC (IF), frozen sections. Species: Rat. Penzo MA et al. (2015). The paraventricular thalamus controls a central amygdala fear circuit. Nature. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC (IF), 4% PFA, frozen sections. Species: Mouse.
Specificity:
Specificity was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. This antibody was used to stain cryostat sections of the rat peripheral sensory ganglia. Reacts with rat and mouse TrkB. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Chicken anti-Casein kinase I isoform alpha (CKI-alpha) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates CTNNB1 at 'Ser-45'. May phosphorylate PER1 and PER2. May play a role in segregating chromosomes during mitosis. May play a role in keratin cytoskeleton disassembly and thereby, it may regulate epithelial cell migration. (Reference: uniprot.org)
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Chicken,Horse,Human,Mouse,Pig,Rat
Immunogen:
Shortest isoform of recombinant full length CK1a.
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB): 1:5,000 - 1:10,000. Casein kinase 1 alpha has a predicted molecular weight of 38 kDa. <br><br>Immunocytochemistry (ICC): 1:500-1:1,000.<br><br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
CK1; CKI-alpha;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Antibody recognizes CK1 by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Cross reactivity
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Chicken anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ELISA.
Background Info:
C-reactive protein has several roles associated with host defence such as; promoting agglutination, bacterial capsular swelling, phagocytosis and complement fixation through its calcium-dependent binding to phosphorylcholine. It can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. COFACTOR: Binds 2 calcium ions per subunit. C-reactive protein exists as a homopentamer. There are 2 alternatively spliced isoforms. C-reactive protein is found in plasma and its concentration increases greatly during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection or other inflammatory stimuli. It is induced by IL-1 and IL-6.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Purified human C-reactive protein
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
ELISA and WB. Suggested dilution of 1:2,000-1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
CRP; PTX1;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Human C-reactive protein Human
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Chicken anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ELISA.
Background Info:
C-reactive protein has several roles associated with host defence such as; promoting agglutination, bacterial capsular swelling, phagocytosis and complement fixation through its calcium-dependent binding to phosphorylcholine. It can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. COFACTOR: Binds 2 calcium ions per subunit. C-reactive protein exists as a homopentamer. There are 2 alternatively spliced isoforms. C-reactive protein is found in plasma and its concentration increases greatly during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection or other inflammatory stimuli. It is induced by IL-1 and IL-6.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Mouse
Immunogen:
A peptide from the C-terminus of mouse C-reactive protein (210-225 aa).
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
ELISA and WB. Suggested dilution of 1:2,000-1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
CRP; PTX1;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
C-reactive protein Mouse
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Chicken anti-Acetyl-lysine Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ELISA.
Background Info:
Lysine acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins plays an important part in many cellular processes such as chromatin and nuclear signaling, transcription, gene silencing, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, differentiation, DNA replication and repair.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Species Independent
Immunogen:
Acetylated Lysine OVA
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
ELISA and WB. Suggested dilution of 1:1,000-1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Acetyl-lysine;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Binds to proteins with acetylated lysine residues.
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Chicken anti-G-Protein B3 (Rho) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
G-Protein b3 (GNB3) is a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein). G-proteins are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems (Ref: SWISSPROT).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Human GNB3 peptide (216-230 aa)
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
WB. Suggested dilution at 1:1,000 to 1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Chicken anti-Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL) hydrolyzes stored triglycerides to free fatty acids in adipose tissue and heart. In steroidogenic tissues, HSL principally converts cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol for steroid hormone production (ref: SWISSPROT).
Chicken anti-Adiponectin Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
Adiponectin is synthesized by adipocytes and is involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities (ref: SWISSPROT).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide from human Adiponectin (230-244 aa).
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
WB. Suggested dilution of 1:2,000-1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte (ALBP) is a lipid transport protein which binds long chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands and delivers them to their receptors in the nucleus. ALBP is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of adipocytes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Human Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte peptide (97-111 aa).
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
WB. Suggested dilution of 1:2,000-1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Beta-adrenergic receptors are multi-pass membrane proteins that belong to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Their function is to mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G-proteins (ref: SWISSPROT).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide from mouse beta 3 Adrenergic Receptor (386-400 aa).
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
WB and ELISA. Suggested dilution of 1:2,000-1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Chicken anti-Orexin A Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for ELISA.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum. Associated with perikaryal rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as cytoplasmic large granular vesicles at synapses. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orexin family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from the N-terminus of human Orexin A (1-13 aa) .
Applications:
ELISA
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
ELISA . Suggested dilution at 1:2,000 to 1:5,000 as a detection antibody and 1:200 to 1:1,000 as a coating antibody in sandwich ELISA. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Chicken anti-Orexin B Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for ELISA.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum. Associated with perikaryal rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as cytoplasmic large granular vesicles at synapses. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orexin family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from the N-terminus of human Orexin B (1-14 aa).
Applications:
ELISA
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
ELISA . Suggested dilution at 1:2,000 to 1:5,000 as a detection antibody and 1:200 to 1:1,000 as a coating antibody in sandwich ELISA. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a nuclear hormone receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription (Ref: SWISSPROT).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Human Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma peptide (115-129 aa).
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
WB. Suggested dilution at 1:2,000 to 1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
PPAR gamma; PPAR-gamma; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3; PPARG; NR1C3;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Human Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Chicken anti-Peptide YY (PYY) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for ELISA.
Background Info:
Peptide YY (PYY) is secreted from endocrine cells in the lower small intestine, colon and pancreas. PYY inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictory action and inhibitis jejunal and colonic mobility (Ref: SWISS-Prot).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from the C-terminus of human mature Peptide YY (24-36 aa) .
Applications:
ELISA
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
ELISA. Suggested dilution at 1:200 to 1:1,000 (coating antibody) and 1:2,000 to 1:5,000 (detection antibody). Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Chicken anti-Peptide YY (PYY) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for ELISA.
Background Info:
Peptide YY (PYY) is secreted from endocrine cells in the lower small intestine, colon and pancreas. PYY inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictory action and inhibitis jejunal and colonic mobility (Ref: SWISS-Prot).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from the C-terminus of human mature Peptide YY (24-36 aa) .
Applications:
ELISA
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
ELISA . Suggested dilution at 1:2,000 to 1:10,000 (detection antibody). Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Chicken anti-Peptide YY (PYY) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for ELISA.
Background Info:
Peptide YY (PYY) is secreted from endocrine cells in the lower small intestine, colon and pancreas. PYY inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictory action and inhibitis jejunal and colonic mobility (Ref: SWISS-Prot).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from the N-terminus of human mature Peptide YY (3-18 aa).
Applications:
ELISA
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
ELISA . Suggested dilution at 1:200 to 1:1,000 (coating antibody) and 1:2,000 to 1:5,000 (detection antibody) .
Chicken anti-Peptide YY (PYY) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for ELISA.
Background Info:
Peptide YY (PYY) is secreted from endocrine cells in the lower small intestine, colon and pancreas. PYY inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictory action and inhibitis jejunal and colonic mobility (Ref: SWISS-Prot).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from the N-terminus of human mature Peptide YY (3-18 aa).
Applications:
ELISA
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
ELISA . Suggested dilution at 1:2,000 to 1:10,000 (detection antibody). Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Chicken anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ELISA.
Background Info:
C-reactive protein has several roles associated with host defence such as; promoting agglutination, bacterial capsular swelling, phagocytosis and complement fixation through its calcium-dependent binding to phosphorylcholine. It can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. COFACTOR: Binds 2 calcium ions per subunit. C-reactive protein exists as a homopentamer. There are 2 alternatively spliced isoforms. C-reactive protein is found in plasma and its concentration increases greatly during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection or other inflammatory stimuli. It is induced by IL-1 and IL-6.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from rat C-reactive protein (108-121 aa).
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
WB and ELISA. Suggested dilution of 1:2,000-1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
CRP; PTX1;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Rat C-reactive protein
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1) is a multi-functional cytokine with roles in proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. The secreted TGFB1 protein is cleaved into a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature TGFB1 peptide (Ref: SWISS-Prot).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Pig,Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from human and mouse Transforming growth factor beta-1 (372-386 aa).
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
WB and ELISA. Suggested dilution of 1:2,000-1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
TGFB1; TGFB; TGF-beta-1;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
TGF beta 1, cross reactivity to other species is expected
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Chicken anti-Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP 3) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
Uncoupling Protein 3 (UCP3) belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family. Located in the mitochondrion inner membrane, UCP3 creates proton leaks across the membrane thus uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation (Ref: SWISSPROT).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Pig,Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from the C-terminus of human Uncoupling Protein 3 (298-312 aa).
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
WB. Suggested dilution at 1:1,000 to 1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
UCP3; Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3; UCP 3; Solute carrier family 25 member 9; SLC25A9;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antibody detects UCP3 at approx 35 kDa. Human, Mouse, Rat, Porcine
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Dicer is the rate limiting enzyme in the formation of mature microRNAs.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS, 0.02% sodium azide
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide from mouse Dicer protein (1388-1405 aa) conjugated to KLH.
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Immunoprecipitation (IP). The recommended concentration for IHC in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues and formalin/acetone fixed tissues is 1:200-1:500. For WB, the recommended concentration is 1:1,000 to 1:3,000. Mouse Dicer Protein has a predicted length of 1916 residues and the MW of the monomer is 218 kDa. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Lugli G. et al (2008) Expression of microRNAs and their precursors in synaptic fractions of adult mouse forebrain. J Neurochem. Jul;106(2):650-61. Lugli G. et al (2005) Dicer and eIF2c are enriched at postsynaptic densities in adult mouse brain and are modified by neuronal activity in a calpain-dependent manner. J Neurochem. Aug;94(4):896-905.
Specificity:
Specificity confirmed by IHC and WB in mouse brain. Mouse; Rat;
Storage:
At least 12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Chicken anti-Growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
GAP43 is very abundant protein which is found concentrated in neurons. One group discovered it as one of three proteins which becomes unregulated during the regeneration of the toad optic nerve (1). Three GAPs (Growth associated proteins) were discovered, and the number 43 comes from the apparent SDS-PAGE molecular weight of the one named GAP43. The HGNC name for this protein is, not surprisingly, GAP43. Later work showed that GAP43 does not run on SDS-PAGE in a fashion which accurately reflects its molecular weight, and that GAP43 proteins from different species may run at different apparent molecular weights. Partly due to these features GAP43 were independently discovered by several different groups and therefore has several alternate names, such as protein F1, pp46, neuromodulin, neural phosphoprotein B-50 and calmodulin-binding protein P-57. In each case the number reflects the apparent SDS-PAGE molecular weight, and underlines the unusual properties of this molecule. Mammalian GAP43 proteins contains only 226-243 amino acids, and so the real molecular weight is 23.61-25.14 kDa. GAP43 has been extensively studied and is known to be a major protein kinase C substrate and to bind calmodulin avidly. GAP43 is anchored to the plasma membrane by palmitoylation modifications.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Other Mammals (Predicted),Rat
Immunogen:
C-terminal peptide 217-227 of rat and mouse GAP43, which is KEDPEADQEHA, to which an N terminal Cysteine residue was added to allow chemical coupling to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin carrier protein.
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC). A dilution of 1:1,000 - 1:5,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:500-1,000 is recommended for ICC. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
neuron growth-associated protein 43; neuromodulin; nerve growth-related peptide GAP43; axonal membrane protein GAP-43; protein F1; calmodulin-binding protein P-57; neural phosphoprotein B-50; Growth Associated Protein 43; GAP43;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The antibody reacts with a 43 kDa band by Western blot on bovine hippocampus lysate. It has also been used successfully for immunocytochemistry. Human, rat and bovine. It is expected that it will work on other mammal tissues due to amino acid sequence similarity.
Storage:
Store lyophilized, unopened vial at 2-8°C or lower. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C to -80°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Chicken anti-mCherry Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
mCherry is an engineered derivative of one of a family of proteins originally isolated from Cnidarians (jelly fish, sea anemones and corals). The mCherry protein was derived from DsRed, a red fluorescent protein from so-called disc corals of the genus Discosoma. DsRed is a 223 amino acid ~28 kDa protein similar in size and properties to GFP, but, obviously, produces a red rather than a green fluorochrome. The original DsRed was engineered extensively in the Tsien lab to prevent it from forming tetramers and dimers and to modify and improve the spectral properties (1-3). The resulting monomeric protein is useful for applications such as Foerster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET, also known as Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer). Several further cycles of mutation, directed modification and evolutionary selection produced mCherry, which is monomeric and has an excitation maximum at 587 nm and and emission maximum at 610 nm (4).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Species Independent
Immunogen:
Recombinant full length mCherry.
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC). A dilution of 1:2,000 - 1:5,000 isC recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:500-1,000 is recommended for IC. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The antibody reacts with a band at ~28-30 kDa corresponding to intact full-length mCherry by Western blot on HEK293 cells transfected with mCherry vector. It has also been used successfully for immunocytochemistry.
Storage:
Store lyophilized, unopened vial at 2-8°C or lower. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C to -80°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Chicken anti-GDNF family receptor alpha-4 (GFR alpha-4) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
GFR_-4 belongs to the GDNF receptor family. It is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface receptor for persephin, and mediates activation of the RET tyrosine kinase receptor.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid in PBS pH 7.4 containing no preservatives
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant His-tagged human GFRa-4 protein produced using CHO-based cell line. For production of hGFRa-4, glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol GPI-anchor was removed and protein was secreted to the cell culture supernatant. Protein was purified by Ni-affinity chromatography following gel-filtration from cell culture supernatant.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
WB, IHC. A dilution of 1:5 000-1:10 000 is recommended for Western blots and 1:1 000 to 1:3 000 for immunocytochemistry. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Chicken anti-Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by tau localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm; cytosol. Cell membrane. Mostly found in the axons of neurons, in the cytosol and in association with plasma membrane components. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 8 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist. Isoforms differ from each other by the presence or absence of up to 5 of the 15 exons. One of these optional exons contains the additional tau/MAP repeat. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Four-repeat (type II) tau is expressed in an adult-specific manner and is not found in fetal brain, whereas three-repeat (type I) tau is found in both adult and fetal brain. DOMAIN: The tau/MAP repeat binds to tubulin. In Alzheimer disease, the neuronal cytoskeleton in the brain is progressively disrupted and replaced by tangles of paired helical filaments and straight filaments, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of Microtubule-associated protein Tau. Defects in Microtubule-associated protein Tau are a cause of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, as well as a number of other neurodegenerative diseases.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Recombinant full length version of the shortest human tau isoform purified from E. coli.
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC). A dilution of 1:5,000 - 1:10,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:500-1,000 is recommended for IC. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
The antibody reacts with multiple closely spaced bands covering the region of the blot from 48 kDa to 67 kDa, with an additional band at 100 kDa. It has also been used successfully for immunocytochemistry. Expected to react with horse, cow, pig, chicken, rat and mouse.
Storage:
Store lyophilized, unopened vial at 2-8°C or lower. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C to -80°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Chicken anti-Lamin A/C Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
The Lamin proteins are members of the intermediate filament protein family but are located inside the nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm (1). The lamins function as skeletal components tightly associated with the inner nuclear membrane. Originally the proteins of the nuclear cytoskeleton were named Lamin A, B and C, from top to bottom as visualized on SDS-PAGE gels. Subsequently it was found that Lamins A and C were coded for by a single gene (2), while the Lamin B band may contain two proteins encoded by two genes now called Lamin B1 and Lamin B2. Lamin A has a mass of about 74 kDa while Lamin C is 65 kDa. The Lamin A protein includes 98 amino acids missing from Lamin C, while Lamin C has a C-terminal 6 amino acid peptide not present in Lamin A. Apart from these regions Lamin A and C are identical so that antibodies raised against either protein are likely to cross react with the other, as is the case with this monoclonal. Lamin polymerization and depolymerization is regulated by phosphorylation by cyclin dependent protein kinase 1 (CDK1), the key component of "maturation promoting factor", the central regulator of cell division. Activity of this kinase increases during cell division and is responsible for the breakdown of the nuclear lamina. Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with several serious human diseases, including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial partial lipodystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. This family of diseases belong to a larger group which are often referred to as Laminopathies, though some laminopathies are associated in defects in Lamin B1, B2 or one or other of the numerous nuclear lamina binding proteins. A truncated version of lamin A, commonly known as progerin, causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a form of premature aging (3).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Full length recombinant human Lamin C
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western Blotting (WB). A dilution of 1:1,000-1:2,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:500-1:1,000 is recommended for ICC. The optimal dilution should be determined by the end user.
Lamin A and Lamin C. The antibody reacts with a 74 kDa and 65 kDa band by Western blot on HeLa cell extract. It has also been used successfully for immunocytochemistry on HeLa cell cultures.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Chicken anti-Heat shock protein 27 (HSP-27) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
The heat shock proteins were discovered, as the name suggests, since they are heavily upregulated when cells are stressed by temperatures above the normal physiological range. They are expressed in unstressed cells also and have a normal function as chaperones, helping other proteins to fold correctly, and are required in much greater amounts if the cell or tissue is stressed by heat. The increased levels are generated transcriptionally under the influence of a powerful transcription factor, the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). The different heat shock proteins were originally named based on their SDS-PAGE mobility, so HSP27 has an apparent molecular weight of 27 kDa. It is an abundant protein even under non-stress conditions and frequently shows up as a major spot on 2 dimensional gels of cells or tissues. It is known to associate with a variety of other proteins such as actin, intermediate filament subunits and ubiquitin and is found both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells. HSP27 can become heavily phosphorylated under the influence of multiple protein kinases particularly as a result of activation of the p38/SAPK pathway. Upregulation of this protein is protective against neurodegenerative diseases at least in certain mouse models (1). Point mutations in the HSP27 gene are associated with two neurological diseases, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2F and distal hereditary motor neuropathy IIB (2). These diseases are associated with axonal loss apparently following defects in the transport of neurofilaments.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant full length purified HSP27 from E. coli.
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC). A dilution of 1:2,000 - 1:5,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:1,000 - 1:2,000 is recommended for ICC. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The antibody reacts with a 27 kDa band by Western blot on a crude extract from HeLa cells. It has also been used successfully for immunocytochemistry.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Bovine milk contains two types of beta-casein protein, A2 or A1. Recent studies have shown that milk containing the A1 beta casein protein can contribute to issues including gastrointestinal discomfort after ingestion. There is some evidence of a link between ingestion of A1 beta casein protein and the development of Type 1 diabetes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid in PBS, pH 7.4, containing 0.02% sodium azide as preservative. Refer to the product label for antibody concentration.
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Bovine
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (PGPIPNSLP, aa: 78-86) conjugated to KLH has been used as immunogen. Bovine A1 beta casein differs from bovine A2 beta casein by one amino acid (H82 -> P82)
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
Western blot and ELISA. Suggested working dilution for western blot is 1:200-1:1,000. The amount of milk per lane can be 0.05 µL-0.1 µL for Western blot. Sample Preparation: Milk should be diluted 1:10 in 0.1M NaOH. The reason for diluting (1:10) in 0.1M NaOH is because the milk protein is easier to dissolve in NaOH. The sample is then further diluted with PBS or other buffer and mixed at 1:1 ratio, to prepare for loading. For example, one can take the 1:10 dilution milk (0.5 µL-1 µL) and add into 9.5 µL or 9 µL PBS and mix with 10 µL SDS-PAGE Sample buffer, boil for 5 minutes, quick spin, and load on the gel. Recommended blocking buffer: TBS with 5% BSA. Recommended antibody dilution buffer: TBST containing 3% BSA. Biosensis recommends that optimal working dilutions should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The antibody is specific to A2 beta casein by western blot. No cross-reactivity with A1 beta casein is seen. Species cross-reactivity not tested.
Storage:
Maintain unopened vial at -20°C for up to 12 months after date of receipt. After opening maintain at -20°C in undiluted aliquots for up to 6 months. For short-term storage, keep aliquot at 2-8°C for up to one week. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Bovine milk contains two types of beta-casein protein, A2 or A1. Recent studies have shown that milk containing the A1 beta casein protein can contribute to issues including gastrointestinal discomfort after ingestion. There is some evidence of a link between ingestion of A1 beta casein protein and the development of Type 1 diabetes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid in PBS, pH 7.4, containing 0.02% sodium azide as preservative. Refer to the product label for antibody concentration.
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Bovine
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (PGPIHNSLP, aa: 78-86) conjugated to KLH has been used as immunogen. Bovine A2 beta casein differs from bovine A1 beta casein by one amino acid (P82 -> H82)
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgY
Application Details:
Western blot and ELISA. Suggested working dilution for western blot is 1:1,000-1:5,000. The amount of milk per lane can be 0.05 µL-0.1 µL for Western blot. Sample Preparation: Milk should be diluted 1:10 in 0.1M NaOH. The reason for diluting (1:10) in 0.1M NaOH is because the milk protein is easier to dissolve in NaOH. The sample is then further diluted with PBS or other buffer and mixed at 1:1 ratio, to prepare for loading. For example, one can take the 1:10 dilution milk (0.5 µL-1 µL) and add into 9.5 µL or 9 µL PBS and mix with 10 µL SDS-PAGE Sample buffer, boil for 5 minutes, quick spin, and load on the gel. Recommended blocking buffer: TBS with 5% BSA. Recommended antibody dilution buffer: TBST containing 3% BSA. Biosensis recommends that optimal working dilutions should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The antibody is specific to A1 beta casein by western blot. No cross-reactivity with A2 beta casein is seen. Species cross-reactivity not tested.
Storage:
Maintain unopened vial at -20°C for up to 12 months after date of receipt. After opening maintain at -20°C in undiluted aliquots for up to 6 months. For short-term storage, keep aliquot at 2-8°C for up to one week. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Goat anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
Can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. COFACTOR: Binds 2 calcium ions per subunit.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Goat
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Human recombinant C-Reactive protein
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. Extremely high titre antibody. For western blot a dilution of 1: 10,000 to 1: 100000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
CRP; PTX1;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
It has been shown to be specific for C-reactive protein by WB. Human
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent.
FUNCTION: Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. It stimulates division and differentiation of sympathetic and embryonic sensory neurons. SUBUNIT: Homodimer, associated by noncovalent forces. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Goat
Species Reactivity:
Avian,Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Native mouse beta NGF purified from submaxillary salivary gland (95% purity by PAGE)
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB and direct ELISA. A dilution range of 1:1000 - 1:5000 is recommended for IHC and WB. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Beta-nerve growth factor; Beta-NGF; NGF; NGFB;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
A cross reactivity of less than 1% to recombinant human BDNF, NT3, NT4/5 by ELISA has been shown. This antiserum is known to cross react with mouse, rat, human and avian NGF but not bovine NGF. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ICC.
Background Info:
GFAP is a 50 kDa intra-cytoplasmic filamentous protein of the cytoskeleton in astrocytes. During the development of the central nervous system, it is a cell-specific marker that distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells. GFAP immunoreactivity has been shown in immature oligodendrocytes, epiglottic cartilage, pituicytes, papillary meningiomas, myoepithelial cells of the breast and in non-CNS: Schwann cells, salivary gland neoplasms, enteric glia cells, and metastasizing renal carcinomas.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Western Blotting (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). A dilution of 1:5,000 is recommended for WB. Human GFAP has a predicted length of 432 residues and a MW of 50 kDa. A dilution of 1:500-1:1,000 is recommended for ICC/IHC. This antibody works well on frozen sections, cells in tissue culture and on formalin fixed histological sections. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Astrocyte; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Kawabe K et al. (2017) Transglutaminases Derived from Astrocytes Accelerate Amyloid _ Aggregation. Neurochem Res. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: ICC (cultured rat astrocytes). Nagai T et al. (2017) Development of an in situ evaluation system for neural cells using extracellular matrix-modeled gel culture. J Biosci Bioeng. 124(4):430-8. Application: IF (artificial gel matrix). Kawabe T et al. (2017) Microglia Endocytose Amyloid _ Through the Binding of Transglutaminase 2 and Milk Fat Globule EGF Factor 8 Protein. Neurochem Res. [Epub ahead of print] Application: ICC (cultured astrocytes). Takano K et al. (2017) Inhibition of Gap Junction Elevates Glutamate Uptake in Cultured Astrocytes. Neurochem Res. [Epub ahead of print] Application: ICC (cultured astrocytes).
Specificity:
The specificity of this antibody has been confirmed by WB. Human, Rat, Mouse, Bovine, Porcine. Predicted to react with other mammalian and avian species.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Nestin Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
Nestin is a member of the class IV intermediate filament protein family which is expressed in neuronal stem cells. The molecular weight of human Nestin as determined by SDS-PAGE mobility is about 240 kDa. However the real molecular weight is considerably less than this, at 177 kDa, the disparity being likely due to the highly charged region of the C-terminal segment. Nestin is relatively poorly conserved in protein sequence across species boundaries, so that the mouse and human proteins have an overall identity of only 62%. As a result antibodies to the human protein often fail to recognize the rodent homologue and vice versa. However this antibody stains both rodent and human Nestin. Antibodies to Nestin are widely used to identify neural stem cells.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Partial segment (region 317-630 aa) of human Nestin expressed in E.coli
Applications:
ICC,WB
Clone number:
4D11
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Flow Cytometry. Suggested dilution for WB is 1:1,000-5,000 and 1:250-500 for IC. Use 2 ug/10^6 cells for Flow Cytometry. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Nestin; NES;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Schomann T et al. (2020) Multimodal imaging of hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Cell Tissue Res. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC/IF; Species: Mouse. Schomann T et al. (2017) Neuronal differentiation of hair-follicle-bulge-derived stem cells co-cultured with mouse cochlear modiolus explants. PLos One. 12(10):e0187183. Application: ICC/IF; Species: Mouse, Hair follicle bulge-derived neural crest-derived stem cells (HFBSCs). Gho CG et al. (2015) Isolation, expansion and neural differentiation of stem cells from human plucked hair- a further step towards autologous nerve recovery. Cytotechnology In press. Application: IF; Species: Human, Hair follicle bulge-derived neural crest-derived stem cells (HFBSCs), Keywords: Hair follicle stem cell, Regeneration, Neural crest, Neuron, Glia, Cryopreservation
Specificity:
This antibody is specific for the 240 kDa Nestin protein by WB on developing rat brain (P18) homogenate. A much weaker band at approx. 90 kDa may also be seen. This is suggested to be a breakdown product of the 240 kDa band. Human, Rodent
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Neurofilament medium (NF-M) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ICC, FC.
Background Info:
Neurofilaments are composed of three intermediate filament proteins: light (~68 kDa), medium (~160 kDa) and heavy (~200 kDa), which are involved in the maintenance of the neuronal caliber. Neurofilament medium runs on SDS-PAGE gels in the range 145-170 kDa, with some variation in different species.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Cat,Chicken,Human,Mouse,Pig,Rat
Immunogen:
Raised against a recombinant fusion protein containing the extreme C-terminus of rat NF-M expressed in and purified from E. coli. The epitope is localized to within the last 56 amino acids at the extreme C-terminus of rat NF-M, the so-called KE segment which is highly conserved between NF-M molecules from different species.
Applications:
FC,ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
3H11
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Flow Cytometry. A dilution of 1:2,000 - 1:10,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:1,000 - 1:5,000 is recommended for IC and IH. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Neurofilament medium polypeptide; NF-M; 160 kDa neurofilament protein; Neurofilament 3; Neurofilament triplet M protein; Nefm; Nef3; Nfm;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Felitsyn N. et al (2008) The heme precursor delta-aminolevulinate blocks peripheral myelin formation. J Neurochem. 2008 Sep;106(5):2068-79.
Specificity:
Specifically recognizes the medium neurofilament subunit NF-L in WB. Hu, Rat, Ms, Fel, Bov, Por, Chk
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) is a DNA and RNA-binding protein which regulates transcription and splicing (ref: SWISSPROT).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Other Mammals (Predicted),Rat
Immunogen:
This antibody was raised against recombinant full length human his-tagged TDP43 which was expressed in E. coli and purified by nickel affinity.
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
3H8
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). A dilution of 1:1,000 - 1:5,000 is recommended for WB and IHC. A dilution of 1:500-1,000 is recommended for IC. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
TAR DNA-binding protein 43; TDP-43; TARDBP; TDP43;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The specificity of this antibody has been confirmed by WB. This antibody detects ~43 kDa TDP43 protein on crude extract of mouse brain nuclear fraction. Human and Rodent. Predicted to react with other mammalian tissue.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Polyubiqutin-B Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, IHC-Paraffin-embedded.
Background Info:
Ubiquitin is a highly conserved 76 amino acid protein with an estimated molecular weight of 8.56 kDa which has a central role in regulated protein degradation. It is a protein modifier which can be covalently attached to target lysines either as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. Several types of polymeric chains can be formed depending on the lysine used for the assembly. Attachment to proteins as a polymer leads to their degradation by the 26S proteosome; a complex, multicatalytic cytosolic and nuclear protease. Attachment to proteins as a monomer or as an alternatively linked polymer does not lead to proteasomal degradation and may be required for numerous functions, including maintenance of chromatic structure, regulation of gene expression, stress response, ribosome biogenesis and DNA repair. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a polyubiquitin precursor with exact head to tail repeats, the number of repeats of which differ between species and strains. In some species there is a final amino-acid after the last repeat, here in bovine a Cys. Some ubiquitin genes contain a single copy of ubiquitin fused to a ribosomal protein (either L40 or S27a).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,C. elegans,Chicken,Drosophila,Human
Immunogen:
Raised against purified ubiquitin conjugated with glutaraldehyde to keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Clone number:
Ubi-1
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry - paraffin embedded tissue (IH-P) and ELISA. Suggested dilution for WB is 1:500-1,000. This antibody can be used on mildly fixed histological sections of human brain for studies of Alzheimer's disease. This antibody also works on paraffin embedded material. It also recognises other ubiquinated inclusion bodies such as Lewy bodies of Parkinson's disease and the Pick bodies in Pick's disease in formalin fixed tissues. Suggested dilution for IH is 1:500. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Josephs K.A. et al (2006) Atypical progressive supranuclear palsy with corticospinal tract degeneration. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2006 Apr;65(4):396-405. Josephs K.A. et al (2007) Neuropathologic features of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions with progranulin gene (PGRN) mutations. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2007 Feb;66(2):142-51. Rudzinski L.A. et al (2008) Early onset familial Alzheimer Disease with spastic paraparesis, dysarthria, and seizures and N135S mutation in PSEN1. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2008 Jul-Sep;22(3):299-307. Josephs K.A. et al (2009) Evaluation of subcortical pathology and clinical correlations in FTLD-U subtypes. Acta Neuropathol. 2009 Sep;118(3):349-58.
Specificity:
The specificity of this antibody has been confirmed by WB. This antibody detects ~8.5 kDa Ubiquitin. Hu, Bov, Chk, Drosophila, and C. elegans
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
This enzyme is a thiol protease that recognizes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. The enzyme also binds to free monoubiquitin and may prevent its degradation in lysosomes (ref: SWISSPROT).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Mouse,Pig,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant full length human Ubiquitin C Terminal Hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) purified from E. coli.
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
BH7
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). A dilution of 1:10,000 - 1:20,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:1,000 - 1:5,000 is recommended for IC and IH. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
The specificity of this antibody has been confirmed by WB. This antibody detects ~24 kDa UCHL1 enzyme. Suitable control tissue is rat spinal cord, brain, SHSY-5Y or HEK293 cell extract. Hu, Rat, Bov
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, IHC-Paraffin-embedded, ICC, IP, FC.
Background Info:
Tyrosine hydroxylase is an excellent marker for dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. Tyrosine hydroxylase (a.k.a. tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). L-DOPA is a precursor for dopamine, which, in turn, is a precursor for the important neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline). Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyzes the rate limiting step in this synthesis of catecholamines. In humans, tyrosine hydroxylase is encoded by the TH gene, and the enzyme is present in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral symphatic neurons and the adrenal medulla. The enzymatic activity of TH requires ferrous ions as cofactors and is believed to be regulated by phosphorylation. At least four isoforms of human TH have been identified which result from alternative splicing. Tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase together make up the family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAHs).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, dry powder.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Chicken,Frog,Horse,Human,Mouse,Primate,Rat,Sheep,Vole,Zebra Fish
Immunogen:
Tyrosine Hydroxylase purified from PC12 cells
Applications:
FC,ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,IP,WB
Clone number:
LNC, LNC1, LNC-1
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunohistochemistry/paraffin embedded IH(P), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunofluorescence (IF), Flow cytometry (FC).WB: 1:1000 -1:2000, SDS reduced samples. Detects a 59-61kDa protein. Rat Brain lysates is a suitable control. IHC/IH(P): Reacts in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues with HIER antigen recovery. Typical dilution is 1:100-1:200 depending upon incubation time and detection method used. IF: 1:200-1:1000, 4% PFA fixed tissues/cells permeabilized with 0.1-0.4% triton X-100; also works in fresh frozen and acetone fixed tissues/cells.IP: 1:100, immobilized on protein A beads, Fleming-Jones et al (1995) J. Protein Chemistry 14(5):275-282.FC: Fixed, permeabilized dopaminergic nerve terminals from rat striatum, {Wolf, ME, Kapatos, G (1989) The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1989, 9(l): 108-114; Wolf ME, Zigmond, MJ, Kapatos, G (1989) J. Neurochemistry 53(3):879-885}.
Alternative Names:
LNC-1; LNC1; TH monoclonal
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Kapatos G., Kemski V., and Geddes T. (1989) Dopamine neurons in monolayer culture as a model system for the study of tyrosine hydroxylase, in Pteridines and Biogenic Amines in Neuropsychiatry, Pediatrics and Immunology (Levine R. A., KuhnD. M., Milstien S., and Curtius H-C., eds), pp. 243-258. Lakeshore Publishers, Grosse Pointe, Michigan.
Specificity:
Clone LNC 1 recognizes an epitope on the outside of the regulatory N-terminus. The clone detects a protein of approximately 59-61 kDa by Western blot and reduced SDS-PAGE. The clone does not react with dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, trytophan hydroxylase, dehydropteridine reductase, sepiapterin reductase or phenethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) by western blots. Chicken, Frog, Horse, Human, Monkey, Mouse, Vole, Sheep, Zebrafish other species not yet tested
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20 ° to -70°C for a higher stability. At 2-8°C keep up to one week, insulated, protected from light; use sterile methods and pipettes. Highly purified glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Keep tightly closed when not in use and protected from light
Purification:
Unpurified ascites fluid, diluted with PBS containing 3% BSA, no preservatives.
Mouse anti-Microtubule Associated Protein 2 (MAP2) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ICC.
Background Info:
Microtubules are 25nm diameter protein rods found in most kinds of eukaryotic cells. They are polymerized from a dimeric subunit made of one 'a' subunit and one 'b' tubulin subunit. Microtubules are associated with a family of proteins called microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), which includes the protein t (tau) and a group of proteins referred to as MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4 and MAP5. MAP2 is made up of two ~280 kDa apparent molecular weight bands referred to as MAP2 a and MAP2 b. A third lower molecular weight form, usually called MAP2c, corresponds to a pair of protein bands running at ~70 kDa on SDS-PAGE gels. All these MAP2 forms are derived from a single gene by alternate transcription, and all share a C-terminal sequence which includes either three or four microtubule binding peptide sequences, which are very similar to those found in the related microtubule binding protein t (tau). MAP2 isoforms are expressed only in neuronal cells and specifically in the perikarya and dendrites of these cells. Antibodies to MAP2 are therefore excellent markers on neuronal cells, their perikarya and neuronal dendrites.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
High molecular MAP protein preparation derived from bovine brain
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
5H11
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western Blotting (WB). A dilution of 1:1,000 - 1:5,000 is recommended for IHC and ICC, and 1:5,000-1:10,000 is recommended for WB. The optimal dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Microtubule-associated protein 2; MAP-2; Mtap2;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The specificity of this antibody has been confirmed by WB and IHC against the antigen. Human; Rat; Mouse;
Storage:
At least 12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Ataxin-2 binding protein 1 (A2BP1) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Fox1 is one of a family of 3 mammalian Fox1 homologues. Fox1 was discovered in C. elegans as a gene involved in sex determination, and the name Fox is an acronym of "Feminizing locus on X" (1). The C. elegans Fox1 protein and its 3 mammalian homologues are all about 46 kDa proteins and each includes a central highly conserved RRM type RNA recognition motif, which corresponds to a small ~70 amino acid structure consisting of 4 beta strands and two alpha-helices. This region is identical in all three mammalian Fox1 family proteins. An alternate name for Fox 1 is ataxin-2 binding protein 1 (A2BP1), since it was discovered in a yeast two hybrid screen using ataxin-2 as bait (2). As with the other Fox proteins, it is assumed that Fox1/A2BP1 has a role in the RNA splicing in the nervous system (3). Fox3, a protein also known as NeuN, is a widely used marker of neuronal nuclei and proximal cytoplasm (4, 5). Like Fox3, Fox1 is expressed in neuronal nuclei, but with a different pattern of expression than Fox3. For example, in the cerebellum Fox3 does not stain Purkinje neurons and Golgi neurons, but these two neuron types are stained by Fox1 antibody (6).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
N-terminal 100 amino acids of human Fox1 as expressed in and purified from E. coli.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
1G10
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Immunocytochemistry (IHC) and Western Blotting (WB). A dilution of 1:1,000-1:2,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:500-1:1000 is recommended for ICC. The optimal dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
ataxin-2 binding protein 1 (A2BP1); RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The antibody reacts with a 48 kDa and 46 kDa band by Western blot on extract from mouse brain. It has also been used successfully for immunocytochemistry on rat neuronal cultures.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Lamin A/C Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC, FC.
Background Info:
The Lamin proteins are members of the intermediate filament protein family but are located inside the nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm (1). The lamins function as skeletal components tightly associated with the inner nuclear membrane. Originally the proteins of the nuclear cytoskeleton were named Lamin A, B and C, from top to bottom as visualized on SDS-PAGE gels. Subsequently it was found that Lamins A and C were coded for by a single gene (2), while the Lamin B band may contain two proteins encoded by two genes now called Lamin B1 and Lamin B2. Lamin A has a mass of about 74 kDa while Lamin C is 65 kDa. The Lamin A protein includes 98 amino acids missing from Lamin C, while Lamin C has a C-terminal 6 amino acid peptide not present in Lamin A. Apart from these regions Lamin A and C are identical so that antibodies raised against either protein are likely to cross react with the other, as is the case with this monoclonal. Lamin polymerization and depolymerization is regulated by phosphorylation by cyclin dependent protein kinase 1 (CDK1), the key component of "maturation promoting factor", the central regulator of cell division. Activity of this kinase increases during cell division and is responsible for the breakdown of the nuclear lamina. Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with several serious human diseases, including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial partial lipodystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. This family of diseases belong to a larger group which are often referred to as Laminopathies, though some laminopathies are associated in defects in Lamin B1, B2 or one or other of the numerous nuclear lamina binding proteins. A truncated version of lamin A, commonly known as progerin, causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a form of premature aging (3).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Full length recombinant human Lamin C
Applications:
FC,ICC,WB
Clone number:
4C4
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Western Blotting (WB) and Flow Cytometry (~2 ug per 10^6 cells). A dilution of 1:1,000-1:2,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:500-1:1,000 is recommended for ICC. The optimal dilution should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Does not react with mouse and rat.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Normal sheep serum from non-immunized animal, Sheep Polyclonal Antibody
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, without preservatives.
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Non-Reactive (Negative Control)
Immunogen:
None. Sheep serum is obtained from non-immunized animals.
Applications:
Negative Control
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Use as negative control for IgG-purified sheep primary antibodies and at matching concentration.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Uncharacterized serum control
Storage:
Store lyophilized sheep whole serum at -20°C to -80°C protected from moisture. After reconstitution, divide whole serum nto useful aliquots and keep aliquots at -20°C to -80°C for a higher stability. Working aliquots can be kept at 2-8°C for up to 1 month. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is synthesized as a precursor (proNGF) which may be released and have physiological functions to cause cell death. It binds neurotrophin receptor p75 and sortilin and may also be important for the development of nervous system. proNGF is synthesized in target tissues and glia, transported retrogradely and may be released. This antibody is raised in sheep to detect the prodomain of NGF not the mature peptide.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
The recombinant prodomain fragment of human nerve growth factor
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, Immunofluorescence, ELISA, Western Blot, biological neutralization of proNGF. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
pro-brain nerve growth factor; proNGF; NGF;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Sugimoto J et al. (2021). Fabry disease-associated globotriaosylceramide induces mechanical allodynia via activation of signaling through proNGF p75NTR but not mature NGF TrkA. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 895. Application: Neutralising ( in-vivo ). Ryu JC et al. (2018). Role of proNGF/p75 signaling in bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury. J Clin Invest. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: Western Blotting.
Specificity:
The specificity of this antibody has been confirmed by WB. It does NOT crossreact with proBDNF, proNT-3 or mature NGF. Confirmed to react with purified human proNGF and crossreact with mouse and rat proNGF
Storage:
Maintain lyophilized antibody at 2-8°C for up to 12 months after date of receipt. After reconstitution keep undiluted aliquots at -20°C for up to 6 months for higher stability or at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is synthesized as a precursor (proBDNF) which may be released and have physiological functions to cause cell death. It binds neurotrophin receptor p75 and sortilin and may also be important for the development of nervous system. proBDNF is synthesized in neurons and glia (eg., microglia), transported anterogradely and retrogradely and may be released in an activity dependent manner. This antibody is raised in sheep to detect the prodomain of BDNF and not the mature peptide.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
The recombinant prodomain fragment of human brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Applications:
ELISA,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
ELISA, Western Blot, biological neutralization of proBDNF, Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Proform brain derived neurotrophic factor
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Confirmed to react with purified human proBDNF, crossreact with mouse and rat proBDNF Cross reactivity with other species than human, mouse and rat has not yet been tested
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20ºC for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Involved in redox regulation of the cell. Can reduce hydrogen peroxide and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. May play a role in the regulation of phospholipid turnover as well as in protection against oxidative injury. SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. May interact with HTR2A. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Lysosome. Also found in lung secretory organelles. MISCELLANEOUS: The active site is the redox-active Cys-47 oxidized to Cys-SOH. Cys-SOH may rapidly react with a Cys-SH of the other subunit to form an intermolecular disulfide with a concomitant homodimer formation. The enzyme may be subsequently regenerated by reduction of the disulfide by thioredoxin . MISCELLANEOUS: Irreversibly inactivated by overoxidation of Cys-47 (to Cys-SO(3)H) upon oxidative stress. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ahpC/TSA family. Rehydrin subfamily.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Rat recombinant Peroxiredoxin-6
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB, ELISA. This antibody works superbly in Immunohistochemistry on frozen or paraffin embedded tissues. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilutions for routine immunohistochemistry are 1: 100 to 1: 1000 depending on tissue and detection method. For western blotting a dilution range of 1: 500 to 1: 2000 is recommended. A dilution of 1: 1000 to 1: 2000 is recommended for ELISA. This antiserum stains the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the rat and mouse lung and rat and human brain astrocytes. It stains human brain astrocytes in Parkinson's and Alzheimer 's disease and the central core of some Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Other tissues have not yet been tested. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
This antibody has been shown to be specific for Peroxiredoxin-6 protein. Rat, human and mouse, other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
Glutathione peroxidase 1 has a role in detoxification of hydrogen peroxide and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in humans. It exists as a homotetramer which localises to the cytoplasm. It belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. Glutathione peroxidase 1 is one of few proteins in higher vertebrates to contain selenocysteine, which occurs at the active site of glutathione peroxidase and is coded by UGA, that normally functions as a translation termination codon. This protein has a polyalanine sequence polymorphism in the N-terminal region, which includes three alleles with five, six or seven alanine repeats. The allele with five alanine repeats is significantly associated with breast cancer risk. Two alternatively spliced isoforms have been identified.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (RRYSRRFQTIDIEPDIEALL) corresponding to the amino acids 175-194 of human lutathione peroxidase 1 ( GPx-1) conjugated to diphtheria toxin has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. This antibody works superbly in Immunohistochemistry on frozen or paraffin embedded tissues. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilutions for routine immunohistochemistry are 1: 2000 to 1: 20000 depending on tissue and detection method. For western blotting a dilution range of 1: 10000 to 1: 100000 is recommended. For ELISA, a dilution of 1: 2000 to 1: 20000 is recommended. This antiserum has extremely high titre, it stains human and rat brain microglia intensely and to some extent also stains neurons. Other tissues have not yet been tested. On Western blotting under reducing conditions recognises a 22kD protein in human brain tissue and Sigma glutathione peroxidase (G-4013) isolated from human erythrocytes. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
This antibody has been shown to be specific for glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) protein. Human and rat, other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
Sheep anti-C-reactive protein Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
C-reactive protein has several roles associated with host defence such as; promoting agglutination, bacterial capsular swelling, phagocytosis and complement fixation through its calcium-dependent binding to phosphorylcholine. It can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. COFACTOR: Binds 2 calcium ions per subunit. C-reactive protein exists as a homopentamer. Pentaxin (or Pentraxin) have a discoid arrangement of 5 non-covalently bound subunits. There are 2 alternatively spliced isoforms. C-reactive protein is found in plasma and its concentration increases greatly during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection or other inflammatory stimuli. It is induced by IL-1 and IL-6.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized with 0.01% Thimerosal
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Human recombinant C-Reactive protein
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. Extremely high titre antibody. For western blot a dilution of 1: 10,000 to 1: 100000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
CRP; PTX1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
It has been shown to be specific for C-reactive protein by WB. Human, other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent.
LRRK2 is a member of the leucine-rich repeat kinase family. It role is yet unknown but it may play a role in the phoshorylation of proteins central to parkinson diseases. LRRK2 contains an ankryin repeat region, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, a kinase domain, a DFG-like motif, a RAS domain, a GTPase domain, a mLK-like domain and a WD40 domain. LRRK2 is present in the cytoplasm but also associates with the mitochondrial outer membrane. Defects in LRRK2 are the cause of Parkinson disease 8 (PARK8). Parkinson disease is characterised by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability, as well as by a clinically significant response to treatment with levodopa. The pathology involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. PARK8 is an autosomal-dominant late-onset parkinsonism, characterized by onset from 50 to 65 years, with slow progression and relatively benign course.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (LKRKRKILSSDDSLRSS; aa 946-962) as part of human LRRK2 protein conjugated to the Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution range of 1:500-1:10000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
SUMO-1 binds to a wide range of target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. Unlike ubiquitin, it does not seem to target protein for degradation, but is involved in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis, apoptosis, protein stability and signal transduction. SUBUNIT: Covalently attached to a number of proteins such as PmL, RANGAP1, HIPK2, SP100, p53, p73alpha, MDM2, JUN and DNMT3B. Also interacts with HIF1A, HIPK2, HIPK3, CHD3, PIAS1, EXOSC9, TDG, RAD51 and RAD52. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus; nuclear membrane. Nucleus; nucleoplasm; nuclear speckle. Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SMT3 subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 ubiquitin-like domain. PTM: Cleavage of the last four amino acids of the carboxy-terminus of the precursor form by SENP1 or SENP2 is necessary for function. Several pseudogenes have been reported as well as a number of alternatively spliced isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (AKPSTEDLGDKKEGEY) as part of human SUMO-1 peptide (aa: 6-21) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid has been used as the immunogen. This antigen is homologous with SUMO-1 of rat.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1:2000 to 1:4000 is recommended for immunohistochemistry and 1:4000 to 1:8000 for western blot. Cell lysate from Hela and NIH-3T3 cell lysates may be used as a positive control, and for IHC, lung carcinoma may be used. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1; Ubiquitin-like protein SMT3C; SMT3 homolog 3; Ubiquitin-homology domain protein PIC1; Ubiquitin-like protein UBL1; GAP-modifying protein 1; GMP1; Sentrin; SUMO1; SMT3C; SMT3H3; UBL1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum recognises human SUMO-1 and not ubiquitin. This antiserum is known to cross react with rat and human SUMO-1.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Sheep anti-Connexin-40 (Cx40) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low molecular weight diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. SUBUNIT: A connexon is composed of a hexamer of connexins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in lung. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the connexin family. Alpha-type (group II) subfamily.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide consisting of amino acids 254 to 270 of the C-terminus of rat Cx40 (Cx40/254) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
<br><b>Immunohistochemistry</b>: Antibody detects Cxn 40 in rat tissues and arterial endothelial cells. The authors report that the density of Cx40 plaques was significantly greater in the caudal artery (CA) than in the thoracic aorta (ThA), whereas no such difference was seen for Cx37 and Cx43. Expression of Cx40 was absent from the media of both thoracic and caudal artery tissues (see Rummery, NM et al 2002 for more staining specifics). <br><b>Published Method</b>: Unfixed 10 µm thick sections cryosections or lightly fixed (2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 mol/L sodium phosphate buffer) whole mount sections have been tested, see Rummery, NM et al 2002). Pretreatments include pre-incubation for 30 minutes in a blocking solution of 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.2% Triton-X in PBS, followed by primary antibody incubation. Antibody was used at 1:100 to 1:250 for 1 hour in the original work but Biosensis recommends optimizing the conditions for the best results. Original detection was via Cy3- conjugated anti-goat immunoglobulins (Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories Inc, PA, 1:100) in 0.01% Triton-X in PBS, but other secondary conditions should work as well once optimized. In the original work the specificity of each antibody was tested by incubation either without primary antibody or with primary antibody that had previously been pre-incubated for 1 hour at room temperature with 10-fold excess by weight of the peptide against which the antibody was raised. (Adapted from Rummery, NM et al 2002).<br><b>Western Blot</b>: <U>Antibody is not recommended for western blots by Biosensis</u>, however, it does react in westerns with Cxn 40 specific material. The authors report that the antibody develops numerous bands in westerns blots, only some of which are removed upon peptide treatment (see Rummery, NM et al 2002). The Cx40/254 antibody specifically recognized a band of 40 kDa from lung, caudal artery (CA), and thoracic aorta (ThA) but not liver (online Figure VIIA, +/- peptide). In the lung, however, a band at 45 kDa also appeared to be reduced with Cxn 40 peptide addition.<br><b>Published Method</b>: Brain, heart, liver, lung, thoracic aorta and caudal arteries were removed from 5-6 week old Wistar rats and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen Tissues were ground under liquid nitrogen in a mortar and pestle and resuspended in 1mL of lysis buffer (1 mM NaHCO3 pH 7.05, 10 mM EDTA, 10 mM Iodoacetamide, 10 mM tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM PMSF and 1 µg/mL each of antipain, aprotinin, pepstatin-A, chymostatin and leupeptin). Tissues were further disrupted by grinding in a polytron blender. Unbroken cells and large debris were removed by centrifugation at 1000 g for 5 minutes at 4oC, the supernatant was then removed and centrifuged at 3000 g for 5 minutes. The pellet was discarded, and the supernatant centrifuged at 20000 g for 15 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was discarded, and the membrane-enriched pellet was resuspended in lysis buffer. Protein concentration was measured using the Bio-Rad protein assay kit. Membrane-bound connexins were subsequently solubilized by incubation in 2x SDS sample buffer (5% SDS, 125 mM Tris-Cl (pH 6.8), 20% glycerol, 2 mM _- mercaptoethanol, 0.1% (w/v) bromophenol blue) for 60 minutes at 37°C. Aliquots containing 5 µg of protein were separated by SDS-PAGE on 12% polyacrylamide gels and blotted onto PVDF membranes. Blots were probed with sheep antibodies against Cx40 (1:1000, Cx40/254) and detected via ECL using anti-Goat poly HRP secondary antibodies 1:4000, 1 hr. (<I>adapted from Rummery, NM et al 2002</I>).Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Gap junction alpha-5 protein; Cx40; Gja5; Cxn-40
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Original Reference Rummery NM, Hickey H, McGurk G, Hill CE. (2002) "Connexin37 is the major connexin expressed in the media of caudal artery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 22(9):1427-32. PMID: 12231561 This antibody is referred to as Cx40/254 in Rummery, NM et al 2002.
Specificity:
It is reported that the Cx40/254 antibody did not cross react with rat Cx43 but may with Cx45 in Western blots only (Rummery, NM et al 2002).
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Sheep anti-Connexin-45 (Cx45) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
Connexin-45 is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low molecular weight diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. SUBUNIT: A connexon is composed of a hexamer of connexins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the connexin family. Alpha-type (group II) subfamily. Alternatively spliced isoforms have been described.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (QAYSHQN NPHGPRE) as part of human Connexin-45 protein (aa: 354-367) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
<b>Immunohistochemistry:</b> Antibody detects sparse Cxn45-IR in caudal artery and heart tissue (see Rummery, NM et al 2002 for more staining specifics). Antibody was used at 1:100 to 1:250, but Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. In the original work the specificity of the antibody was shown by incubation either without primary antibody or with primary antibody that had previously been pre-incubated for 1 hour at room temperature with 10-fold excess by weight of the peptide against which the antibody was raised.<br><br><b>Western Blot:</b> Antibody is not recommended for western blotting by Biosensis, however, it does react in westerns with Cxn 45 specific material. The authors report that the antibody develops numerous bands in westerns blots, only some of which are removed upon peptide treatment (see Rummery, NM et al 2002). The Cx45/354 antibody revealed the presence of a specific 45-kDa band in all tissues tested, although it was very weak in the arteries. A higher molecular weight band, which was blocked by peptide, was also seen in the brain (see Rummery, NM et al 2002, online Figure VIIB, -/+ peptide).
Alternative Names:
Gap junction gamma-1 protein; Gap junction alpha-7 protein; Cx45; GJC1; GJA7
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Original Reference Rummery NM, Hickey H, McGurk G, Hill CE. (2002) "Connexin37 is the major connexin expressed in the media of caudal artery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 22(9):1427-32. PMID: 12231561 This antibody is referred to as Cx45/354 in Rummery, NM et al 2002.
Specificity:
Western blotting of cell membranes of COS cells transiently transfected with cDNA encoding Connexin-45 shows a singular band of molecular weight 47 kDa which is abolished by preincubation with the immunising peptide. No such band is detected in western blots of membranes from non-transfected cells or cells transfected with cDNA encoding Connexin-37 or Connexin-40. This antiserum reacts to human Connexin-45.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Target-derived survival factor for peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highest levels in prostate, lower levels in thymus, placenta, and skeletal muscle. Expressed in embryonic and adult tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Primate,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human NT4
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, ELISA (1 site), Western Blot, dot blot, inhibition of biological activity in vitro/in vivo. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 for immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot. 1:10 to 1:50 for inhibition of biological activity in vitro. Use neat for in vivo studies at 5-10 µL/g body weight. Note that the concentration of NT4 is generally low in most tissues nevertheless, neonatal testes of rat can be used as a good positive control. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Less than 1% cross-reactivity against NGF, recombinant human BDNF and 5% to NT3 has been shown by 1-site ELISA. Known to react with NT4 from rat and human, mouse and monkey.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
NT3 is a member of the neurotrophin family, that controls survival and differentiation of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. NT3 is closely related to both NGF and BDNF. It may be involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system, and may affect development of neurons in the embryo when it is expressed in human placenta. NT3-deficient mice generated by gene targeting display sevvere movement defects of the limbs. The mature peptide of this protein is identical in all mammals examined including human, pig, rat and mouse. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain and peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Chicken,Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human NT3
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, ELISA, WB, dot blot, inhibition of biological activity. A dilution of 1:200 to 1:2000 is recommended for IHC, ELISA and western blot. For inhibition of biological activity: 1:10-50 for in vitro, 5-10 µL/g body weight for in vivo. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
A cross reactivity of less than 1% to mouse NGF, recombinant human BDNF and 5% to NT4/5 has been shown by 1-site ELISA. This antiserum is known to react with rat, chicken and human NT3.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
NT3 is a member of the neurotrophin family, that controls survival and differentiation of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. NT3 is closely related to both NGF and BDNF. It may be involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system, and may affect development of neurons in the embryo when it is expressed in human placenta. NT3-deficient mice generated by gene targeting display sevvere movement defects of the limbs. The mature peptide of this protein is identical in all mammals examined including human, pig, rat and mouse. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain and peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Chicken,Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (YAEHKSHRGEY) as part of human, mouse and rat NT3 protein conjugated to BSA has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, ELISA, WB, inhibition of biological activity. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:2000 is recommended for IHC, western blot. For inhibition of biological activity: 1:10-50 for in vitro, 5-10 µL/g body weight for in vivo. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
A cross reactivity of less than 0.1% to mouse NGF, recombinant human BDNF and NT4/5 has been shown by dot blot. This antiserum is known to react with rat, chicken and human NT3.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Sheep anti-Beta-synuclein Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Beta-synuclein is a non-amyloid component of senile plaques found in Alzheimer disease. It could act as a regulator of SNCA aggregation. It protects nerurons from staurosporine and 6 hydroxy dopamine -stimulated capspase activation in a p53-dependent manner. It localises to the cytoplasm and it is predominantly expressed in the brain where it is most concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals. This protein is phosphorylated. This protein is also associated with the disease Brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA1).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (IEPLMEPEGSYEDPPQE) as part of human beta synuclein protein (aa: 108-125) conjugated to diphteria toxid has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:3000 to 1:8000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
SNCB
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Known to be specific for beta synuclein. This antiserum is know to react with human, rat and other rodent beta synuclein.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Sheep anti-Ancient ubiquitous protein 1 (AUP1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
AUP1 contains a domain with homology to the ancient conserved region of the archain 1 gene and a domain thay may be involved in binding ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The unprocessed precusor is of 476 amino acids in length and has an estimated molecular weight of 53 kDa. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing.TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitous. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AUP1 family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 CUE domain.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Rat,Sheep
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (HVFLVSCALPDSV) corresponding to the amino acids 48-60 of human ancient ubiquitous protein 1 conjugated to Blue carrier protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from bovine, mouse and rat.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. Use at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:6000. This antiserum works superbly in both paraffin embedded and frozen tissues. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
AUP1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum is specific for ancient ubiquitous protein 1. This antibody is known to react with bovine, sheep, human and rat ancient ubiquitous protein 1. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
CNTF is a survival promoting factor for different types of neurons in vitro and in vivo. The essential structural features for the biological function of human CNTF were investigated by Thier, M. et al. They showed that deletion of 14 N-terminal and 18 C-terminal amino acids significantly increased bioactivity compared to wild-type CNTF. FUNCTION: CNTF is a survival factor for various neuronal cell types. Seems to prevent the degeneration of motor axons after axotomy. SUBUNIT: Homodimer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Nervous system. PHARMACEUTICAL: CNTF is being tested under the name Axokine by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals for treatment of human motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As it induces substantial weight loss, preferentially of fat as opposed to lean body mass, it is being used for obesity treatment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CNTF family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human CNTF
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB, ELISA. A dilution of 1:500 to 4000 is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Ciliary neurotrophic factor
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antibody specifically detects CNTF shown by western blot. This antiserum to known to react with rat, mouse and human CNTF protein.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
Sheep anti-Alpha-synuclein Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Alpha synuclein is an abundant 140 amino acid neuronal protein, expressed primarily at presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. Alpha synuclein has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. A point mutation in the gene coding for the alpha-synuclein protein was the first discovery linking this protein to a rare familial form of Parkinson's disease (PD). Subsequently, other mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene have been identified in familial PD. The aggregated proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bodies found in PD and cortical Lewy body dementia (LBD) were discovered to be predominantly alpha-synuclein. Aberrant aggregation of alpha-synuclein has been detected in an increasing number of neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as synucleopathies. Alpha-synuclein exists physiologically in both soluble and membrane-bound states, in unstructured and alpha-helical conformations, respectively. The physiological function of alpha-synuclein appears to require its translocation between these subcellular compartments and interconversion between the 2 conformations. Abnormal processing of alpha-synuclein is predicted to lead to pathological changes in its binding properties and function.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CMPVDPDNEAYEMPSEE) as part of human alpha synuclein (aa: 116-131) conjugated to KLH has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC with 1:1000 to 1:2000 dilution. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Non-A beta component of AD amyloid; Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor; NACP
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Wu W et al. (2022) "Intermediate-length CGG repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC is associated with pathologically confirmed Alzheimers disease" Neurobiol. Aging 80(1):447-458; Application: IHC Species: Human Cong C et al. (2021) "Contribution of Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathologic Change to the Cognitive Dysfunction in Human Brains with Lewy Body-Related Pathology." J Alzheimers Dis. 80(1):447-458; Application: IHC Species: Human Zhang W et al. (2020) "Contribution of Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathologic Change to the Cognitive Dysfunction in Human Brains with Lewy Body-Related Pathology." Neurobiol. Aging [In press]; Application: IHC Species: Human
Specificity:
Immunohistochemistry shows a high specificity for alpha-synuclein. This antibody is known to react with human, rat and mouse alpha-synuclein.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Sheep anti-Myelin basic protein (MBP) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Myelin is a membrane characteristic of the nervous tissue and functions as an insulator to increase the velocity of the stimuli being transmitted between a nerve cell body and its target. Myelin isolated from human and bovine nervous tissue is composed of approximately 80% lipid and 20% protein, and 30% of the protein fraction constitutes myelin basic protein (MBP). MBP is an 'intrinsically unstructured' protein with a high proportion (approximately 75%) of random coil, but postulated to have core elements of beta-sheet and alpha-helix. MBP is a major protein in CNS myelin and is expressed specifically in the nervous system. A detailed immunochemical examination of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody responses to MBP and its peptides has revealed the existence of as many as 27 antigenic determinants, many of them conformational. Topological mapping of the potential antigenic determinants onto a model of MBP secondary structure places these determinants within 11 separate regions of the molecule, including those portions that have been found to be encephalitogenic. The message for myelin basic protein is selectively translocated to the ends of the cell processes. Immunization with myelin-associated antigens including MBP significantly promotes recovery after spinal cord contusion injury in the rat model. FUNCTION: Is, with PLP, the most abundant protein component of the myelin membrane in the CNS. Has a role in both the formation and stabilization of this compact multilayer arrangement of bilayers. Each splice variant and charge isomer may have a specialized function in the assembly of an optimized, biochemically functional myelin membrane (By similarity). SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Myelin membrane; peripheral membrane protein; cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasmic side of myelin. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Found in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. PTM: At least 5 charge isomers; C1 (the most cationic, least modified, and most abundant form), C2, C3, C4 and C5 (the least cationic form); are produced as a result of optional posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues, deamidation of glutamine or asparagine residues, citrullination and methylation of arginine residues. C1 and C2 are unphosphorylated, C3 and C4 are monophosphorylated and C5 is phosphorylated at two positions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the myelin basic protein family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Guinea Pig,Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (YG SLPQKSQRSQ DENPVV, aa: 68-86) as part of guinea pig MBP protein conjugated to KLH
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:4000 is recommended. Immunostaining for MBP of abnormal appearing oligodendrocytic process and cell bodies in demyelinating areas. This antibody recognises only areas of myelin degeneration when tested in injured spinal cord and lesioned sciatic nerves. It also stains discrete white matter in the brain of multiple system atrophy. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Myelin Basic Protein
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum recognizes MBP in demyelinated nerve tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of lesioned rat spinal cord indictaes a high level of specificity for this antiserum. This antiserum reacts with human and rat MBP.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
GDNF is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded homodimer molecule. It was first discovered as a potent survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons and was then shown to rescue these neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease. GDNF is about 100 times more efficient survival factor for spinal motor neurons than the neurotrophins. FUNCTION: Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high-affinity dopamine uptake. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. DISEASE: Defects in GDNF may be a cause of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). In association with mutations of RET gene, defects in GDNF may be involved in Hirschsprung disease. This genetic disorder of neural crest development is characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the hindgut, often resulting in intestinal obstruction. DISEASE: Defects in GDNF are a cause of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS); also known as congenital failure of autonomic control or Ondine curse. CCHS is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal control of respiration in the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease, or an identifiable brain stem lesion. A deficiency in autonomic control of respiration results in inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human GDNF
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:1000 to 1:3000 for Western blot. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
No cross reactivity with NTN has been observed in western blot analysis. This antibody is known to react with human, mouse and rat GDNF.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family and promotes the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected to it. It is a major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. The alterations in BDNF expression induced by various kinds of brain insult including stress, ischemia, seizure activity and hypoglycemia, may contribute to some pathologies such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Microglia release BDNF that may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. SUBUNIT: Monomers and homodimers. Binds to NTRK2/TRKB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. POst translation modification: Converted into mature BDNF by plasmin (PLG). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human BDNF
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,Neutralize,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, Inhibition of biological activity in vitro/in vivo. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:200-2000 for immunohistochemistry on Zamboni's fixed frozen tissue; not recommended for formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. 1:10 to 1:50 for inhibition of biological activity in vitro. Use neat for in vivo studies at 5-10 µL/g body weight. Whole serum format will caused immune responses, purified format is preferred for most in vivo work. Not recommended for western blots. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
A cross reactivity of less than 1% against mouse NGF, recombinant human NT3 or NT4/5 has been shown by one site ELISA. This antiserum recognises BDNF from rat, mouse and human.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Neurturin (NTN) is a member of the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors. This protein is a potent survival factor for several populations of central and peripheral neurons in mature and developing rodents. FUNCTION: Supports the survival of sympathetic neurons in culture. May regulate the development and maintenance of the CNS. Might control the size of non-neuronal cell population such as haemopoietic cells. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. DISEASE: Defects in NRTN are a cause of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). In association with mutations of RET gene, and possibly with other loci, defects in NRTN are involved in Hirschsprung disease. This genetic disorder of neural crest development is characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the hindgut, often resulting in intestinal obstruction. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Neurturin (rh NTN)
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB, immunoblot, 1-site ELISA. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1:2000-3000 for immunohistochemistry and Western blot, 1: 2000 to 1:4000 for ELISA. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Neurturin; NRTN;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Dot blot shows no cross reactivity to GDNF. This antibody is known to react with human, mouse and rat. Not yet tested against other species.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), a heparin binding growth factor, exhibit widespread mitogenic and neurotrophic activities in a variety of different cells including mesenchymal, neuroectodermal and endothelial cells. aFGF (FGF-1) and bFGF (FGF-2) are present in relatively high levels in CNS. aFGF is expressed by a subset of neuronal populations, while bFGF is expressed by astrocytes, both lack signal peptides. Human bFGF is a 17.2 kDa protein containing 155 amino acid residues. FUNCTION: The heparin-binding growth factors are angiogenic agents in vivo and are potent mitogens for a variety of cell types in vitro. There are differences in the tissue distribution and concentration of these 2 growth factors. SUBUNIT: Monomer. Interacts with CSPG4 and FGFBP1. Found in a complex with FGFBP1, FGF1 and FGF2. MISCELLANEOUS: This protein binds heparin more strongly than does aFGF. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human basic FGF
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC (frozen), WB. Recommended to be used at a dilution of 1: 1000 to 1:2000 for both applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Lee HJ et al (2010) Effects of sevoflurane on collagen production and growth factor expression in rats with an excision wound. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010 Aug;54(7):885-93.
Specificity:
A high level of specificity for bFGF was shown by immunohistochemistry for this antiserum. This antibody is known to react with human, mouse and rat basic FGF.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Beta Amyloid Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for ELISA.
Background Info:
The beta Amyloid peptide is derived from the cleavage of the Amyloid precursor protein and varies in length from 39 to 43 amino acids. Beta amyloid peptides are the major constituents of the plaques and tangles that occur in Alzheimer's disease.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (DAEFRHDSGYEVHH) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) corresponding to amino acid sequence 1-14 of mature human beta amyloid.
Applications:
ELISA
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
ELISA. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Human beta amyloid, cross reactivity to APP has not bee tested.
Storage:
At least 12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ELISA.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by tau localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm; cytosol. Cell membrane. Mostly found in the axons of neurons, in the cytosol and in association with plasma membrane components. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 8 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist. Isoforms differ from each other by the presence or absence of up to 5 of the 15 exons. One of these optional exons contains the additional tau/MAP repeat. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Four-repeat (type II) tau is expressed in an adult-specific manner and is not found in fetal brain, whereas three-repeat (type I) tau is found in both adult and fetal brain. DOMAIN: The tau/MAP repeat binds to tubulin. In Alzheimer disease, the neuronal cytoskeleton in the brain is progressively disrupted and replaced by tangles of paired helical filaments and straight filaments, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of Microtubule-associated protein Tau. Defects in Microtubule-associated protein Tau are a cause of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, as well as a number of other neurodegenerative diseases.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Pig
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Microtubule-associated protein Tau, purified from E.coli.
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB and direct ELISA (Human). For WB a dilution of 1:500 is recommended. This antibody has been shown to detect the purified recombinant Tau expressed in E.Coli as well as a number of Tau isoforms in porcine cytosol. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Neurofibrillary tangle protein; Paired helical filament-tau; PHF-tau; MAPT; MTBT1; TAU
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Ballaz S, Morales I, Rodriguez M, Obeso JA. (2013) Ascorbate prevents cell death from prolonged exposure to glutamate in an in vitro model of human dopaminergic neurons. J. Neurosci Res. Aug 30 2013 [E print]
Specificity:
Specificity was demonstrated by western blot. 20ng recombinant Tau is easily detected with smaller fragments likely representing degradation products from the purified protein, which has been expressed in E. Coli. This antiserum is known to react with human and pig Microtubule-associated Tau proteins. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Nestin Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
Required for brain and eye development. Promotes the disassembly of phosphorylated vimentin intermediate filaments (IF) during mitosis and may play a role in the trafficking and distribution of IF proteins and other cellular factors to daughter cells during progenitor cell division. Required for survival, renewal and mitogen-stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells (By similarity). Ref: uniprot.org
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, without preservatives.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Part of recombinant human protein (amino acids 315-630).
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Western blotting (1:1,000-1:5,000) and Immunocytochemistry (1:5,000). Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Human,reacts with Human. Other species not tested.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8°C. After reconstitution divide into aliquots and store at -20°C for long-term storage. Store at 2-8°C short-term (up to 4 weeks) with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Ki-67 Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly (PubMed:27362226). Associates with the surface of the mitotic chromosome, the perichromosomal layer, and covers a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface (PubMed:27362226). Prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility (PubMed:27362226). Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA (PubMed:10878551). Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes (By similarity). May play a role in chromatin organization (PubMed:24867636). It is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in maintaining mitotic chromosomes dispersed (Probable). Ref: uniprot.org
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, without preservatives.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Ki-67 protein (amino acids 1,111-1,490) expressed in and purified from <i>E. coli.</i>
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Western blotting (1:2,000-1:10,000) and Immunocytochemistry (1:1,000-1:5,000). Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
KI-67
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Human,reacts with Human only. Does not react with Mouse or Rat.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8°C. After reconstitution divide into aliquots and store at -20°C for long-term storage. Store at 2-8°C short-term (up to 4 weeks) with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
GPx-P belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family which are responsible for the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. It protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. GPx-P is secreted in plasma and exists as a homotetramer.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (FEKGDVNGEKEQKFYTFLKN) corresponding to the amino acids 135-154 of human glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx-P) conjugated to diphtheria toxin has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx-P) protein in mouse, rat, orangutan and bovine.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, only. A dilution o f 1: 1000 to 1: 5000 is recommended for immunohistochemistry depending on detection method but end user will need to determine dilution to suit application. Antigen retrieval is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
This antibody has been shown to be specific for glutathione peroxidase 3 protein (GPx-P) through staining and blocking studies. Human and rat, other species have not yet been ested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Phospho-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha, Thr253 (alpha-CaMKII, Thr253) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) is composed of four different chains (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) and is abundantly expressed in neurons. CaMKII is involved in regulating many aspects of neuronal function, including neurotransmitter synthesis and release, modulation of ion channel activity and cellular transport. The enzymatic function of CaMKII is regulated by its multiple phosphorylation sites and targeting to sub-cellular locations through interactions with protein binding partners. Phosphorylation of Thr253 has been identified in vivo and found to alter the interaction of CaMKII with binding partners, but not change its enzymatic activity. Thus, phosphorylation of Thr253 is suggested to modulate functional responses based on its binding partner and subsequently its sub-cellular localization.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (NKmLpTINPSC) corresponding to the sequence around Thr253 (AA 249-257) in alpha-CaMKII was synthesized, purified to 95% purity by HPLC, analyzed by mass spectroscopy and coupled to diphtheria toxoid.
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Western Blotting (1:200 - 1:1000). Other applications have not been tested. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Skelding KA et al (2012) J J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 32 (12), 2181-2192. Skelding KA et al (2010) Cell Signal 22 (5), 759-769. Gurd JW et al (2008) Brain Res 1218, 158-165. Migues PV et al (2006) J Neurochem 98 (1), 289-299.
Specificity:
Rat Predicted from gene analysis to react with human and mouse alpha-CaMKII.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Purification:
Whole serum
Target:
Phospho-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha, Thr253 (alpha-CaMKII, Thr253)
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a metabolic enzyme responsible for catalyzing one step in the glycolytic pathway, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. GAPDH may have other roles in the activation of transcription and in the regulation of apoptosis as well as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. The immunogen used to raise this particular antibody was extensively purified pig GAPDH. This antibody can be used as a loading control for western blotting experiments, allowing comparison between the level of this protein and others in a cell or tissue.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, without preservatives.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Other Mammals (Predicted)
Immunogen:
Full length recombinant human GAPDH expressed in and purified from E. coli
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC). A dilution of 1:10,000-1:30,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:1,000-1:10,000 is recommended for ICC. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Rabbit anti-Vimentin Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
Vimentin is the major protein subunit of the 10nm or intermediate filaments protein found in many kinds of mesenchymal and epithelia cells. Vimentin is also found in many kinds of cells in tissue culture and in developing neuronal and astrocytic precursor cells in the central nervous system. Vimentin frequently forms copolymers with other intermediate filament proteins, such as GFAP (in many kinds of astrocytes), with desmin (in muscle cells) and neurofilament proteins (in developing neurons). Antibodies to vimentin are useful in studies of stem cells and generally to reveal the filamentous cytoskeleton.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, without preservatives.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Other Mammals (Predicted)
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Vimentin purified from E. coli.
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC). A dilution of 1:5,000 - 1:10,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:1,000-5,000 is recommended for ICC. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Specific for the ~55 kDa Vimentin protein.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Lamin A/C Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
The Lamin proteins are members of the intermediate filament protein family but are located inside the nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm (1). The lamins function as skeletal components tightly associated with the inner nuclear membrane. Originally the proteins of the nuclear cytoskeleton were named Lamin A, B and C, from top to bottom as visualized on SDS-PAGE gels. Subsequently it was found that Lamins A and C were coded for by a single gene (2), while the Lamin B band may contain two proteins encoded by two genes now called Lamin B1 and Lamin B2. Lamin A has a mass of about 74 kDa while Lamin C is 65 kDa. The Lamin A protein includes 98 amino acids missing from Lamin C, while Lamin C has a C-terminal 6 amino acid peptide not present in Lamin A. Apart from these regions Lamin A and C are identical so that antibodies raised against either protein are likely to cross react with the other, as is the case with this monoclonal. Lamin polymerization and depolymerization is regulated by phosphorylation by cyclin dependent protein kinase 1 (CDK1), the key component of "maturation promoting factor", the central regulator of cell division. Activity of this kinase increases during cell division and is responsible for the breakdown of the nuclear lamina. Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with several serious human diseases, including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial partial lipodystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. This family of diseases belong to a larger group which are often referred to as Laminopathies, though some laminopathies are associated in defects in Lamin B1, B2 or one or other of the numerous nuclear lamina binding proteins. A truncated version of lamin A, commonly known as progerin, causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a form of premature aging (3).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Other Mammals (Predicted)
Immunogen:
Full length recombinant human Lamin C
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western Blotting (WB). A dilution of 1:1,000-1:5,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:1,000-1:5,000 is recommended for ICC. The optimal dilution should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Lamin A and Lamin C. The antibody reacts with a 74 kDa and 65 kDa band by Western blot on HeLa cell extract. It has also been used successfully for immunocytochemistry on HeLa cell cultures.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Spectrin, alpha II Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
The spectrin family of proteins were originally discovered as major components of the submembraneous cytoskeleton of osmotically lysed red blood cells (1). The lysed blood cells could be seen as clear red blood cell shaped objects in the light microscope and were referred to as red cell "ghosts". The major proteins of these ghosts proved to be actin, ankyrin, band 4.1 and several other proteins, including two major bands running at about 240 kDa and 260 kDa on SDS-PAGE gels. This pair of bands was named "spectrin" since they were discovered in these red blood cell ghosts (1). Later work showed that similar high molecular bands were seen in membrane preparations from other eukaryotic cell types. Work by Levine and Willard described a pair of about ~240-260 kDa molecular weight bands which were transported at the slowest rate along mammalian axons (2). They named these proteins "fodrin" as antibody studies showed that they were localized in the sheath under the axonal membrane, but not in the core of the axon (2; fodros is Greek for sheath). Subsequently fodrin was found to be a member of the spectrin family of proteins, and the spectrin nomenclature is now normally used (3). Spectrins form tetramers of two alpha and two beta subunits, with the alpha corresponding to the lower molecular weight ~240 kDa band and the beta corresponding to the ~260 kDa or in some case much larger band. Most spectrin tetramers are about 0.2microns or 200nm long, and each alpha and beta subunit has a cell type specific expression pattern. The basic structure of each spectrin subunit is the spectrin repeat, which is a sequence of about 110 amino acids which defines a compact domain contain three closely packed alpha-helices. Each spectrin subunit contains multiple copies of this repeat, with 20 in each of the alpha subunits. The beta I-IV subunits each contain 17 spectrin repeats, while the beta V subunit, also known as beta-heavy spectrin, contains 30 of these repeats. The various subunits also contain several other kinds of functional domain, allowing the spectrin tetramer to interact with a variety of protein, ionic and lipid targets. The alpha-subunits each contain one calmodulin like calcium binding region and one Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain, an abundant domain involved in specific protein-protein interactions. The beta subunits all have a N-terminal actin binding domain and may also have one SH3 domain and one pleckstrin homology domain, a multifunctional type of binding domain which in beta I spectrin at least binds the membrane lipid PIP2 (5). Spectrins are believed to have a function in giving mechanical strength to the plasma membrane since the tetramers associate with each other to form a dense submembraneous geodesic meshwork (3). They also bind a variety of other membrane proteins and membrane lipids, and the proteins they bind to are therefore themselves localized in the membrane. Diseases may be associated with defects in one or other of the spectrin subunits (6). For example, some forms of hereditary spherocytosis, the presence of spherical red blood cells which are prone to lysis, can be traced to mutations in some of the spectrin subunits (7). The alpha-II subunit is widely expressed in tissues but, in the nervous system, is found predominantly in neurons. The antibody can therefore be used to identify neurons and fragments derived from neuronal membranes in cells in tissue culture and in sectioned material.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, without preservatives.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse
Immunogen:
The antibody was raised against a mix of five recombinant constructs containing the entire C-terminal region of human alpha-II spectrin (amino acids 676-2,400).
Applications:
ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB) and Immunocytochemistry (IC). Suggested dilution for WB is 1:5,000-10,000 and 1:500-1,000 for IC. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The antibody reacts with a 240 kDa band by Western blot on mouse sciatic nerve extract. Minor bands below may be seen and this likely represents in vivo proteolytic fragments of alpha-II spectrin. It has also been used successfully for immunocytochemistry.
Storage:
Store lyophilized, unopened vial at 2-8°C or lower. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C to -80°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
FUNCTION: Involved in redox regulation of the cell. Can reduce H(2)O(2) and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. May play a role in the regulation of phospholipid turnover as well as in protection against oxidative injury. SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Lysosome. Also found in lung secretory organelles. MISCELLANEOUS: The active site is the redox-active Cys-47 oxidized to Cys-SOH. Cys-SOH may rapidly react with a Cys-SH of the other subunit to form an intermolecular disulfide with a concomitant homodimer formation. The enzyme may be subsequently regenerated by reduction of the disulfide by thioredoxin . MISCELLANEOUS: Irreversibly inactivated by overoxidation of Cys-47 (to Cys-SO(3)H) upon oxidative stress. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ahpC/TSA family. Rehydrin subfamily.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Rat recombinant Peroxiredoxin-6. The sequence is homologous in human and mouse peroxiredoxin-6.
Applications:
ELISA,ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB, ELISA. This antibody works superbly in Immunohistochemistry on frozen or paraffin embedded tissues. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilutions for routine immunohistochemistry are 1: 100 to 1: 1000 depending on tissue and detection method. For western blotting a dilution range of 1: 1000 to 1: 4000 is recommended. A dilution of 1: 1000 to 1: 4000 is recommended for ELISA. This antiserum stains the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the rat and mouse lung and rat and human brain astrocytes. It stains human brain astrocytes in Parkinson's and Alzheimer 's disease and the central core of some Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Other tissues have not yet been tested. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Walsh B. et al. (2010) Overexpression of Prdx6 and resistance to peroxide-induced death in Hepa1-6 cells: Prdx suppression increases apoptosis. Redox Rep. 2009;14(6):275-84. Gardiner F. et al. (2010) Induction of Prdx1 and Prdx6 in Liver Cellsby Serum and TPA. Intl J. Biol. Vol. 2, No. 1
Specificity:
This antibody has been shown to be specific for Peroxiredoxin-6 protein. Rat, human and mouse, other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
SOD1 binds copper and zinc ions ans is one of two isozymes responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. SOD1 is a soluble cytoplasmic protein, acting as a homodimer to convert superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Defects in SOD1 are the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1 (ALS1) which is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons and resulting in fatal paralysis.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
A peptide (HEKADDLGKGGNEESTKTG) corresponding to the amino acids 121-139 of human superoxide dismutase (SOD1) conjugated to diphtheria toxin has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. This antibody works superbly in immunohistochemistry on frozen or paraffin embedded tissues. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilutions for routine immunohistochemistry are 1: 100 to 1: 1000 depending on tissue and detection method. For western blotting a dilution range of 1: 1000 to 1: 4000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Superoxide dismutase; SOD1;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antibody has been shown to be specific for superoxide dismutase (SOD1) protein. Human. Does not detect mouse and rat SOD1.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
FUNCTION: Subunit of clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 1 that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN) and/or endosomes. The AP complexes mediate both the recruitment of clathrin to membranes and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. SUBUNIT: Adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) is an heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (gamma1/AP1G1 or gamma2/AP1G2 and beta1A/AP1B1 or beta1B/AP1B1), a medium adaptin (mu1A/AP1M1 or mu1B/AP1M2) and a small adaptin (sigma1A/AP1S1 or sigma1B/AP1S2 or sigma1C/AP1S3). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasmic vesicle; cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; peripheral membrane protein; cytoplasmic side. Note=Component of the coat surrounding the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles located at the Golgi complex. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed. DISEASE: Deletion of the AP1B1 gene may play a role in the tumorigenesis of meningiomas. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (C-KKGEIFELKAELNSDKKEK) corresponding to the amino acids 11-29 of human AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 conjugated to diphtheria toxin has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 protein in mouse, rat and bovine.
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. This antibody works superbly in immunohistochemistry on frozen or paraffin embedded tissues. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilutions for routine immunohistochemistry are 1: 1000 to 1: 5000 depending on tissue and detection method. For western blotting a dilution range of 1: 100 to 1: 10000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Adapter-related protein complex 1 beta-1 subunit; Beta-adaptin 1; Adaptor protein complex AP-1 beta-1 subunit; Golgi adaptor HA1/AP1 adaptin beta subunit; Clathrin assembly protein complex 1 beta large chain; AP1B1; ADTB1; BAM22
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antibody has been shown to be specific for AP-1 complex subunit beta-1. Rat and human, other species have not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
Adaptins are important components of clathrin-coated vesicles transporting ligand-receptor complexes from the plasma membrane or from the trans Golgi network to lysosomes. Together with medium and small subunits, adaptins form a heterotetrameric complex called an adaptor whose role is to promote the formation of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles and to recognise sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. Gamma-adaptin protein belongs to the adaptor protein complex 1 that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network and/or endosomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle membrane.
A synthetic peptide (IRLRELIRTIRTARTQAEER) corresponding to the amino acids 5-24 of human AP-1 complex subunit gamma-1 conjugated to diphtheria toxin has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from AP-1 complex subunit gamma-1 protein in mouse, rat, dog and zebra fish.
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. This antibody works in immunohistochemistry on frozen or wax embedded tissue. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilution: Light microscopy 1/500 to 1/2000 depending on tissue and detection method; Immunofluorescence 1/50 to 1/200; Western blotting 1/1000 to 1/4000 is recommended depending on detection method. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
AP-1 complex subunit gamma-1; Adapter-related protein complex 1 subunit gamma-1; Gamma1-adaptin; Adaptor protein complex AP-1 subunit gamma-1; Golgi adaptor HA1/AP1 adaptin subunit gamma-1; Clathrin assembly protein complex 1 gamma-1 large chain; AP1G1; ADTG; CLAPG1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antibody has been shown to be specific for AP-1 Rat and human
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent.
Rabbit anti-Clathrin Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Paraffin-embedded.
Background Info:
Clathrin is a major protein component of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. Two different adapter protein complexes link the clathrin lattice to either the plasma membrane or the trans-Golgi network. These specialised organelles are involved in the intracellular trafficking of receptors and endocytosis of a variety of macromolecules. Clathrin triskelions, composed of 3 heavy chains and 3 light chains, are the basic subunits of the clathrin coat. In the presence of light chains, hub assembly is influenced by both the pH and the concentration of calcium. Clathrin localises to the cytoplasmic face of coated pit and vesicle membranes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (KAGLLQRALEHFTDLYDIKR) corresponding to the amino acids 619-638 of rat clathrin conjugated to diphtheria toxin has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from clathrin protein in mouse, human and bovine.
Applications:
IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. This antibody works in immunohistochemistry on frozen or paraffin embedded tissues. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilutions for routine immunohistochemistry are 1: 100 to 1: 4000 depending on tissue and detection method. It is usual to use approximately a 10-fold increase for confocal microscopy i.e. a dilution range of 1: 100 to 1: 400.For western blotting a dilution range of 1: 1000 to 1: 8000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Clathrin heavy chain; Clathrin heavy chain 1; CLH-17; CLTC
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antibody has been shown to be specific for clathrin. Rat
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent.
Rabbit anti-Sequestosome 1 Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Sequestosome 1 is an adapter protein which binds ubiquitin and may regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth factor and interleukin-1. It may regulate signaling cascades through ubiquitination and may also be involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, immune response and regulation of K(+) channels. It is present as a homooligomer or heterooligomer and localises to the cytoplasm, late endosome and nucleus. In cardiac muscles it localises to the sarcomeric band. It accumulates in neurofibrillary tangles and in Lewy bodies of neurons from individuals with Alzheimer and Parkinson disease respectively. It is also enriched in Rosenthal fibers of pilocytic astrocytoma and in liver cells it accumulates in Mallory bodies associated with alcoholic hepatitis, Wilson disease, indian childhood cirrhosis and in hyaline bodies associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sequestosome 1 is ubiquitously expressed and to date, there are 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Defects in sequestosome 1 cause sporadic and familial Page disease of bone (PDB). This is a metabolic bone disease characterised by focal areas of increased and disorganised bone turn-over due to activated osteoclasts.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Peptide IGAALDTIQYSKH corresponding to the C-terminal part of human Sequestosome 1 (aa: 424-436) conjugated to the Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:500 to 1: 5000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Phosphotyrosine-independent ligand for the Lck SH2 domain of 62 kDa; ubiquitin-binding protein p62; EBI3-associated protein of 60 kDa; p60; EBIAP; SQSTM1; ORCA; OSIL
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The specificity was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin embedded human brain. This antibody is expected to recognise p60 in mouse, rat and bovine.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability.
Rabbit anti-Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Functions as an E1 enzyme essential for multisubstrates such as GABARAPL1 and ATG12. Forms intermediate conjugates with GABARAPL1 (GABARAPL2, GABARAP or MAP1ALC3). Formation of the final GABARAPL1-PE conjugate is essential for autophagy. SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). Interacts with ATG3 and ATG12. The complex, composed of ATG3 and ATG7, plays a role in the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm (Probable). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed, especially in kidney, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow. DOMAIN: The C-terminal part of the protein is essential for the dimerization and interaction with ATG3 and ATG12. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG7 family. In yeast, ATG7 appears to be required for fusion of peroxisomal and vaculuolar membranes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (DSTRDRTLDQQC) corresponding to the C-terminal of human APG7 protein conjugated to blue carrier protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from APG7 protein in mouse, rat, S. cerevisiae, Macaca mulatta (monkey) and Canis familiaris (dog).
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Non-reduced western blot : 1:100; IF: acetone or 3.7% PFA fixed cells (HJ Lim et al 2013); 1:100; Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Chiu-Wei Chen, et al (2012) Inhibition of autophagy as a therapeutic strategy of iron-induced brain injury after hemorrhage Autophagy, 8(10):1510. Chien W.S. et al (2011) Suppression of autophagy in rat liver at late stage of polymicrobial sepsis Shock. 2011 Jan 14 Lee J.E. et al (2011) Autophagy Regulates Embryonic Survival During Delayed Implantation Endocrinology. 2011 Mar 1. Ryningen A et al (2012) Inhibition of Mammalian target of rapamycin in human acute myeloid leukemia cells has diverse effects that depend on the environmental in vitro stress. Bone Marrow Res. 2012;2012:329061. Oh HA et al (2013) Uncovering a role for endocannabinoid signaling in autophagy in preimplantation mouse embryos. Mol Hum Reprod. 2013 Feb;19(2):93-101.
Specificity:
IF, WB and ELISA confirmed the specificity for ATG7. Human, rat. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8ºC. After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Autophagy-related protein 9A (ATG9A) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Plays a role in autophagy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein (Potential). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 3 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG9 family. IN YEAST: FUNCTION: Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Recruites ATG23 and ATG8 to the pre-autophagosomal structure. SUBUNIT: Interacts with ATG18, ATG2 and ATG23. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein. Preautophagosomal structure; preautophagosomal structure membrane; multi-pass membrane protein. Note=Pre-autophagosomal and other perivacuolar punctate structures. The proper trafficking of ATG9 between the pre-autophagosomal structure and the other punctate structures requires ATG2, ATG18, ATG23, the ATG1-ATG13 complex and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG9 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CWHRRESDESGE) corresponding to the C-terminal of human APG9A (APG9L1) protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from APG9A (APG9L1) protein in mouse, rat, S. cerevisiae, Macaca mulatta (monkey) and Canis familiaris (dog).
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence, WB. A dilution of 1:100 to 1:3000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Autophagy-related protein 9A; APG9-like 1; Autophagy-related protein 9; APG9A; ATG9A; APG9L1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Park YE et al (2009) Autophagic degradation of nuclear components in mammalian cells. Autophagy. 2009 Aug;5(6):795-804.
Specificity:
IHC, WB and ELISA confirmed the specificity for ATG9A (APG9L1) . Human, rat. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Peroxiredoxin-5 has a role in intracellular redox signaling.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized serum with 0.02% thimerosal
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (VKALNVEPDGTGLTC) corresponding to region (190-204 aa) of human Peroxiredoxin-5 conjugated to KLH. Human, mouse and rat sequences of this peptide are identical.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, IF, WB. This antibody works in IHC on frozen or wax embedded tissues. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilutions for light microscopy are 1:500 to 1:1,000 and IF 1:50 to 1:100. For WB a dilution range of 1: 1,000 to 1: 2,000 is recommended. This antibody clearly detects a protein at approximately 22 kDa on WB of human brain tissue. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Human Peroxiredoxin-5 no cross reactivity to other family members
Storage:
At least 12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability.Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Peroxiredoxin-4 has a probable role in redox regulation of the cell.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (SRVSVADHSLHLSKAKISK) corresponding to a region (65-83 aa) from human Peroxiredoxin-4 conjugated to diptheria toxin.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB, ELISA. This antibody works in IHC on frozen or wax embedded tissues. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilutions for light microscopy are 1:500 to 1:1,000 and IF of 1:50 to 1:100. For WB a dilution range of 1: 1,000 to 1: 4,000 is recommended. A dilution of 1: 1,000 to 1: 4,000 is recommended for ELISA. This antibody stains non-ciliated bronchiolar cells in rat lung and what appears to be sebaceous glands in rat skin. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Tam KC et al. (2018) Evidence for the interaction of peroxiredoxin-4 with the store-operated calcium channel activator STIM1 in liver cells. Cell Calcium. 2018 May 15;74:14-28.
Specificity:
Human Peroxiredoxin-4 no cross reactivity to other family members
Storage:
At least 12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability.Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Autophagy-related protein 3 (ATG3) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, IHC-Paraffin-embedded.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: GABARAPL1 (GABARAPL2 or GABARAP or MAP1LC3)-modifier protein conjugating enzyme involved in its E2-like covalent binding to PE. ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) facilitates this reaction by forming an E1-E2 complex with ATG3 (E2-like enzyme). Preferred substrate is MAP1LC3A. Formation of the GABARAPL1-PE conjugate is essential for autophagy. SUBUNIT: Interacts with ATG7 and ATG12. The complex, composed of ATG3 and ATG7, plays a role in the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed, with a highest expression in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and placenta. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG3 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide corresponding to a central region of the human ATG3 protein conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from ATG3 protein in mouse, rat, S. cerevisiae, Macaca mulatta (monkey) and Canis familiaris (dog).
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB, immunofluorescence. A dilution of 1:50 to 1:3000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Autophagy-related protein 3; APG3; APG3-like; hApg3; Protein PC3-96 ; ATG3; APG3; APG3L
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Ryningen A et al (2012) Inhibition of Mammalian target of rapamycin in human acute myeloid leukemia cells has diverse effects that depend on the environmental in vitro stress. Bone Marrow Res. 2012;2012:329061.
Specificity:
IHC, WB and ELISA confirmed the specificity for ATG3. A 37 kDa band, that corresponds to the molecular weight of ATG3, is detected via western blot analysis. Human, rat, mouse. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Glutathione peroxidase 1 has a role in detoxification of hydrogen peroxide and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in humans. It exists as a homotetramer which localises to the cytoplasm. It belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. Glutathione peroxidase 1 is one of few proteins in higher vertebrates to contain selenocysteine, which occurs at the active site of glutathione peroxidase and is coded by UGA, that normally functions as a translation termination codon. This protein has a polyalanine sequence polymorphism in the N-terminal region, which includes three alleles with five, six or seven alanine repeats. The allele with five alanine repeats is significantly associated with breast cancer risk. At least two alternatively spliced isoforms have been identified.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized serum with 0.02% thimerosal
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (RRYSRRFQTIDIEPDIEALL) corresponding to the amino acids 175-194 of human glutathione peroxidase 1 ( GPx-1) conjugated to diphtheria toxin has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB and ELISA. This antibody works superbly in IHC on frozen or wax embedded tissues. Antigen retrieval has been used in testing but may not be necessary. Typical working dilutions for routine IHC are 1: 200 to 1: 1,000 depending on tissue and detection method. For WB a dilution range of 1: 1,000 to 1: 4,000 is recommended. For ELISA, a dilution of 1: 1,000 to 1: 4,000 is recommended. This antiserum has extremely high titre, it stains human and rat glial cells intensely and to some extent also stains neurons. Other tissues have not yet been tested. On WB under reducing conditions recognises a 22kD protein in human brain tissue and Sigma glutathione peroxidase (G-4013) isolated from human erythrocytes. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Human and rat cellular selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase. Human; rat;
Storage:
At least 12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability.Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Autophagy-related protein 16-1 (ATG16 L1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ELISA, ICC.
Background Info:
ATG16 L1 plays an essential role in autophagy. It is a homooligomer ant interacts with ATG5. Part of either the minor and major complexes respectively composed of 4 sets of ATG12-ATG5 and ATG16L1 (400 kDa) or 8 sets of ATG12-ATG5 and ATG16L1 (800 kDa). APG16 L1 localises to the cytoplasm, in particularly to preautophagosomal structure (PAS) where it is involved in the membrane targeting of ATG5. There are 5 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Genetic variation within ATG16 L1 are associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease type 1.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
N-terminal of human ATG16-L1 protein conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen.
Applications:
ELISA,ICC,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Non-reduced western blot: 1:100; IP: 1-50-1:100 (5-10 ?L/500uL lysate); ELISA: 1:2000-1:3000 direct detection only, recombinant immunogen.
Alternative Names:
Autophagy-related protein 16-1; APG16-like 1; ATG16L1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Cooney R et al (2009). NOD2 stimulation induces autophagy in dendritic cells influencing bacterial handling and antigen presentation. Nat. Med. Dec 6 2009 Scharl M. et al (2011). Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 regulates autophagosome formation in human intestinal cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Oct 10.
Specificity:
Detects human protein via non-reduced WB, and ELISA Human, rat. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Autophagy-related protein 4 homolog B (APG4B) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Cysteine protease required for autophagy, which cleaves the C-terminal part of either MAP1LC3, GABARAPL2 or GABARAP, allowing the liberation of form I. A subpopulation of form I is subsequently converted to a smaller form (form II). Form II, with a revealed C-terminal glycine, is considered to be the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated form, and has the capacity for the binding to autophagosomes. ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm (Probable). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 5 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Mainly expressed in the skeletal muscle, followed by brain, heart, liver and pancreas. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C54 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CLERFFDSEDED) corresponding to the C-terminus of human ATG4B protein conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from of ATG4B protein in mouse and rat.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence, WB. A dilution of 1:100 to 1:2000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
A. J. Smuder et al (2011) Exercise protects against doxorubicin-induced markers of autophagy signaling in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2011 Jul 21
Specificity:
IHC, WB and ELISA confirmed the specificity for ATG4B. Human, rat. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Neurturin (NTN) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Neurturin (NTN) is a member of the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors. This protein is a potent survival factor for several populations of central and peripheral neurons in mature and developing rodents. FUNCTION: Supports the survival of sympathetic neurons in culture. May regulate the development and maintenance of the CNS. Might control the size of non-neuronal cell population such as haemopoietic cells. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. DISEASE: Defects in NRTN are a cause of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). In association with mutations of RET gene, and possibly with other loci, defects in NRTN are involved in Hirschsprung disease. This genetic disorder of neural crest development is characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the hindgut, often resulting in intestinal obstruction. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Neurturin (rh NTN)
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) at a suggested dilution of 1:2000. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
NRTN; NTN;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Specificity of this product was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and dot blot showed no cross reactivity with GDNF. This antibody is known to react with human, mouse and rat.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Autophagy-related protein 4 homolog C (ATG4C) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Cysteine protease required for autophagy, which cleaves the C-terminal part of either MAP1LC3, GABARAPL2 or GABARAP, allowing the liberation of form I. A subpopulation of form I is subsequently converted to a smaller form (form II). Form II, with a revealed C-terminal glycine, is considered to be the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated form, and has the capacity for the binding to autophagosomes. ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C54 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (CTVYNSDVIDKQ) corresponding to the C-terminal of human ATG4C protein conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from ATG4C protein in mouse and rat.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence and WB. A dilution of 1:100 to 1:2000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Smuder AJ et al. (2011) Exercise protects against doxorubicin-induced markers of autophagy signaling in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Oct;111(4):1190-8.
Specificity:
IHC, ELISA and WB confirmed the specificity for ATG4C. Human, rat. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
The elF2c (Argonaute, Ago) protein is a core protein of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence (845-860 aa) from the C-terminus of mouse elF2C conjugated to KLH.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,IP,WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunochemistry (IHC) and Immunoprecipitation (IP). The recommended concentration for IHC in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues and formalin/acetone fixed tissues is 1:200-1:500. For WB, the recommended concentration is 1:1,000 to 1:2,000. The elFC2 protein has a predicted length of 860 residues and the MW of the monomer is 94 kDa. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Protein argonaute-1; Protein argonaute-2; Protein argonaute-3; Argonaute1; Argonaute2; Argonaute3; mAgo1; mAgo2; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C; eIF-2C 2; eIF-2C 1; eIF2C 2; Piwi/argonaute family protein meIF2C2 Protein slicer; Eif2c2; Ago1; Ago2;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Huang KL, Chadee AB, Chen CY, Zhang Y, Shyu AB. (2013)"Phosphorylation at intrinsically disordered regions of PAM2 motif-containing proteins modulates their interactions with PABPC1 and influences mRNA fate." RNA. 2013 Jan 22. [Epub ahead of print]. Lugli G. et al (2008) Expression of microRNAs and their precursors in synaptic fractions of adult mouse forebrain. J Neurochem. Jul;106(2):650-61. Lugli G. et al (2005) Dicer and eIF2c are enriched at postsynaptic densities in adult mouse brain and are modified by neuronal activity in a calpain-dependent manner. J Neurochem. Aug;94(4):896-905.
Specificity:
Specificity has been confirmed by IHC, WB and IP in mouse brain. This antibody is expected to recognise at least elF2c-1, 2 and 3 since they have identical C-termini. Human; mouse; rat; The Ago proteins are highly conserved so cross-reactivity with other species is expected.
Storage:
At least 12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Leptin Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ELISA.
Background Info:
Leptin is secreted by white adipocytes and functions as part of a signaling pathway that can inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure to maintain constancy of the adipose mass. Leptin has a variety of other roles including endocrine functions, regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and wound healing (Ref Entrez Gene).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant rat Leptin protein
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB and ELISA. Suggested dilution of 1:1,000-1:4,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Leptin; Obesity factor; Lep; Ob; Obese protein;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Mouse, Rat
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Rabbit anti-Leptin Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ELISA.
Background Info:
Leptin is secreted by white adipocytes and functions as part of a signaling pathway that can inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure to maintain constancy of the adipose mass. Leptin has a variety of other roles including endocrine functions, regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and wound healing (Ref Entrez Gene).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Leptin protein
Applications:
ELISA,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
WB and ELISA. Suggested dilution of 1:1,000-1:2,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Leptin; Obesity factor; Lep; Ob; Obese protein;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Human Leptin
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Rabbit anti-Endothelin B receptor (ET-BR) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
The Endothelin B receptor is a multi-pass membrane protein that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. It acts as a non-specific receptor for endothelin 1, 2, and 3.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A peptide from human Endothelin B receptor (299-313 aa).
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
WB. Suggested dilution of 1:1,000-1:5,000. Human Endothelin B receptor has a predicted length of 442 residues and MW of 50 kDa. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Rabbit anti-Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3 B) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
MAP1LC3B is a subunit of neuronal microtubule-associated MAP1A and MAP1B proteins, which are involved in microtubule assembly and important for neurogenesis. MAP1LC3B is probably involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: LC3-I: Cytoplasm. LC3-II: Intracytoplasmic membrane; lipid-anchor. Cytoplasmic vesicle; autophagosome; autophagosomal membrane; lipid-anchor. LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Most abundant in heart, brain, skeletal muscle and testis. Little expression observed in liver. PTM: The precursor molecule is cleaved by APG4B/ATG4B to form LC3-I. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form LC3-II. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MAP1 LC3 family.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (FEQRVEDVRLIC) corresponding to the N-terminal of human MAP1LC3 B protein conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from mouse and rat MAP1LC3 B protein.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, immunofluorescence, WB. A dilution of 1:100 to 1:1000 dilution is recommended for these applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theron AE et al. (2013) Molecular crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy induced by a novel 2-methoxyestradiol analogue in cervical adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int. 2013 Aug 27;13(1):87. Pilchowski R. et al. (2011) Specific Protein Patterns Characterize Metastatic Potential of Advanced Bladder Cancer. J Urol. 2011 Jun 16.
Specificity:
IHC, WB and ELISA confirmed the specificity for MAP1LC3 B. Human, rat. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Purification:
Whole serum
Target:
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3 B)
Rabbit anti-Acetyl Lysine Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB.
Background Info:
Lysine acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins plays an important part in many cellular processes such as chromatin and nuclear signaling, transcription, gene silencing, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, differentiation, DNA replication and repair.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Species Independent
Immunogen:
Acetylated Lysine OVA
Applications:
WB
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
WB. Suggested dilution of 1:1,000-1:5,000. Biosensis recommends that the optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Acetyl-lysine;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Binds to proteins with acetylated lysine residues.
Storage:
Short term storage at 2-8°C for one week. At -20°C as an undiluted liquid for up to 12 months.
Rabbit anti-Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arg3.1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Arc (also termed activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein or Arg3.1), is an effector immediate early gene whose upregulation has been demonstrated during events of synaptic plasticity. Arg3.1 expression is detectable in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites in the brain regions including striatum and cortex hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, containing no preservatives
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide from the C terminal of human Arg3.1 protein (ARC protein) conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein. The sequence is homologous with mouse and rat form of Arg3.1.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1: 50 to 1: 1000 is recommended. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Specific for Arg3.1. Rat and Mouse. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Sodium azide or other appropriate antibacterial agent should be added if material is to be kept any length of time at 2-8°C. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Purification:
Whole serum
Target:
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arg3.1)
Rabbit anti-Tyrosine Kinase Receptor A (TrkA) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen, ELISA.
Background Info:
TrkA is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor family. It is a membrane-bound receptor that upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. TrkA is required for high-affinity binding to nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4/5 but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). TrkA leads to cell differentiations and may play a role in specifying sensory neuron subtypes. It has a crucial role in the development and function of the nociceptive reception system as well as establishment of thermal regulation via sweating. SUBUNIT: Exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomeric (low affinity) and dimeric (high affinity) structures. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein. Endocytosed to the endosomes upon treatment of cells with NGF. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Both isoforms have similar biological properties. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoform TrkA-II is primarily expressed in neuronal cells. Isoform TrkA-I is found in non-neuronal tissues. Mutations in TrkA have been associated with congenital insensitivity to pain, anhidrosis, self-mutalating behaviour, mental retardation and cancer.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Extracellular domain of glycosylated human TrkA protein produced in mammalian cells was used as the immunogen.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC (1:1000 dilution), Western Blotting (denaturing and <b>non-reducing</b> SDS-PAGE, 1:1000-1:2500 dilution), 1-site ELISA (1:5000 dilution). Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Matusica D et al. (2020) Differentiation of the 50B11 dorsal root ganglion cells into NGF and GDNF responsive nociceptor subtypes. Mol Pain. 16:1744806920970368 Application: Rat, WB. Kobayashi K et al. (2015) Nerve Growth Factor Signals as Possible Pathogenic Biomarkers for Perineural Invasion in Adenoid Cystic Carcinom. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 153(2):218-24 Application: Human, IHC. Uren RT et al. (2014) A novel role of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 in the regulation of TrkA neurotrophin receptor biology. J Neurochem. 129(4):614-27 Application: Mouse, IF.
Specificity:
Specificity was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. When used for immunohistochemistry in rat dorsal root ganglia, staining is restricted to the known distribution of TrkA, that is in small, nociceptive neurons. Reacts with human, rat and mouse TrkA. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Tyrosine Kinase Receptor C (TrkC) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
TrkC is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase family. TrkC is a membrane-bound receptor that upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. TrkC is the receptor for neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). Signalling through TrkC leads to cell differentiation and may play a role in the development of proprioceptive neurons that sense body position. SUBUNIT: Exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomeric (low affinity) and dimeric (high affinity) structures. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 4 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist. Mutations in TrkC have been associated with medulloblastomas, secretory breast carcinomas and other cancers.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Extracellular domain of glycosylated human TrkC protein produced in CHO cells was used as the immunogen.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC. A dilution of 1:1000 to 1:3000 is recommended for this application. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Specificity was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. This antibody was used to stain cryostat sections of the rat peripheral sensory ganglia. Reacts with human, rat and mouse TrkC. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Rabbit anti-Sortilin Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for IHC-Frozen, ELISA.
Background Info:
FUNCTION: Functions as a sorting receptor in the Golgi compartment and as a clearance receptor on the cell surface. Required for protein transport from the Golgi apparatus to the lysosomes by a pathway that is independent of the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). Also required for protein transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endosomes. Promotes neuronal apoptosis by mediating endocytosis of the proapoptotic precursor forms of BDNF (proBDNF) and NGFB (proNGFB). Also acts as a receptor for neurotensin. May promote mineralization of the extracellular matrix during osteogenic differentiation by scavenging extracellular LPL. Probably required in adipocytes for the formation of specialized storage vesicles containing the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 (GLUT4 storage vesicles, or GSVs). These vesicles provide a stable pool of SLC2A4 and confer increased responsiveness to insulin. May also mediate transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. SUBUNIT: Interacts with LPL and SLC2A4. Interacts with the cytosolic adapter proteins GGA1 and GGA2. Interacts with numerous ligands including the receptor-associated protein LRPAP1/RAP, GM2A and PSAP. Forms a complex with NGFR which binds specifically to the precursor forms of NGFB (proNGFB) and BDNF (proBDNF). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein. Localized to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, endosomes, Golgi stack, lysosomes and nucleus. A small fraction of the protein is also localized to the plasma membrane. May also be found in SLC2A4/GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) in adipocytes. Localization to the plasma membrane in adipocytes may be enhanced by insulin. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed at high levels in brain, spinal cord, heart, skeletal muscle, thyroid, placenta and testis. Expressed at lower levels in lymphoid organs, kidney, colon and liver. INDUCTION: During osteoblast differentiation. DOMAIN: The N-terminal propeptide may facilitate precursor transport within the Golgi stack. Intrachain binding of the N-terminal propeptide and the extracellular domain may also inhibit premature ligand binding. DOMAIN: The extracellular domain may be shed following protease cleavage in some cell types. PTM: The N-terminal propeptide is cleaved by furin and possibly other homologous proteases. PTM: Contains 8 intrachain disulfide bonds. PTM: N-glycosylated. SIMILARITY: Contains 9 BNR repeats.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Extracellular domain of glycosylated human sortilin produced in CHO cells was used as the immunogen.
Applications:
ELISA,IHC-Frozen
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, 1-site ELISA (1:5000 dilution). A dilution of 1:1000 is recommended for IHC. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Specificity was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Reacts with human, rat and mouse Sortilin. Other species not yet tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
GFP (Green fluorescent protein) was originally identified in photo organs on jellyfish Aequorea victoria. It is a naturally fluorescent protein which emits green light at a maximum wavelength of 509 nm when excited by blue or UV light. It is extensively used in laboratory as a reporter molecule to label and study cellular and subcellular proteins in living cells using a wide range of applications. Antibodies to GFP protein are used in immunoblotting and ELISA. GFP protein has molecular weight of 27 kDa.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Or Store in small aliquots at -20 °C, Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Chicken
Species Reactivity:
Native GFP, Recombinant GFP (E,coli), all variants of GFP
Immunogen:
highly purified native GFP protein derived from Aequorea victoria, UniProt: P42212
The optimal working dilution should be determined by the investigator
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified goat IgG.
Special application note:
Antibody purity is > 95% based on SDS-PAGE.Antibody is supplied in 10 mM Sodium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, pH 7.2. 0.05% (w/v) Sodium Azide is added as a preservative.Based on IEP, this antibody reacts with: • heavy (γ) chains on rabbit IgG • light chains on all rabbit immunoglobulins .Based on IEP, no reactivity is observed to: • non-immunoglobulin rabbit serum proteins .
Supplied in 10 mM Sodium Phosphate, 0.15 M Na/K Chloride, pH 7.2.For use as a standard or control in most immunoassay formats.This product is derived from Syrian Hamster.
Purity is > 95% based on SDS-PAGE.Supplied in 10 mM Sodium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, pH 7.2. 0.05% (w/v).For use as a standard or control in most immunoassay formats.
10 mM Sodium Phosphate, 0.15 M Na/K Chloride, pH 7.2
Storage:
2-8 °C
Disclaimer:
For in vitro Laboratory Use Only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use. Not for human or animal consumption. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license under any patent of ImmunoReagents, Inc. Product may not be resold or modified for resale without prior written approval of ImmunoReagents, Inc.
Purified rabbit IgG contains Protein A purified rabbit IgG from normal serum, e.g. serum of non immunized animals and is excellent for use as blocking reagent in immunoassays.
The optimal dilution has to be determined by end user.
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein A purified IgG in 10 mM Sodium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, pH 7.2. Contains 0.05 % sodium azide.
Special application note:
Rabbit IgG is provided in 10 mM sodium phosphate, 0.15 M sodium chloride, pH 7.2. 0.05 % sodium azide is added as preservative.Purity > 95 % based on SDS-PAGE
Plus RIPA Lysis Buffer reagent is a complete cell lysis reagent popularly used for cultured mammalian cells. Plus RIPA lysis buffer is highly compatible with immunoassays, protein purification procedures, immunoprecipitation, and western blotting.
Product Type:
Buffers & Mixes
Biosite Brand:
BioSite ELISA
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