p53, also known as Tumour Protein 53 or TP53, is a tumour suppressor and transcription factor that functions in a number of anti-cancer activities including DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis in response to DNA damage or other stressors. Mutations in p53 are linked to a number of malignant tumours, including those of the breast, ovary, bladder, colon, lung, and melanoma. Anti-p53 staining has been used to detect intratubular germ cell neoplasia, and also to distinguish between uterine serous carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma.
Anti-Kappa recognizes surface immunoglobulin on normal and neoplastic B-cells, and has been indicated as a potential aid in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, where the expression of a single light chain class is restricted. The determination of light chain ratio is critical in evaluating B-cell neoplasms, as the majority of B-cell lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, while a mixture of kappa and lambda is characteristic of reactive proliferations. In paraffin-embedded tissue, Anti-Kappa displays strong staining of kappa-positive plasma cells, as well as cells that have absorbed exogenous immunoglobulins.
Desmoglein-3 Antibody (DSG3) is a component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. It identifies pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas from other types of lung cancer with a highly specificity and sensitivity. Studies show the upregulation of DSG3 correlated with metastasis in a number of cancers including lung cancers. The expression of DSG3 indicates a poor prognosis and portends a more aggressive clinical outcome.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC083
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Skin Cancer
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
HMB-45 is specific for an antigen present in immature melanosomes, cutaneous melanocytes, and prenatal and infantile retinal pigment epithelium cells. It is therefore effective for identifying malignant melanoma, and differentiating metastatic amelanotic melanoma from a number of conditions where the discrimination is often extremely difficult, including large cell lymphomas, sarcomas, spindle cell carcinomas, and various types of mesenchymal neoplasms. This antibody can also differentiate between junctional nevus and intradermal nevus cells, and between fetal or neonatal melanocytes and normal adult melanocytes.
Progesterone Receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3, Group C, Member 3), is an intracellular steroid receptor which mediates the physiological effects of progesterone, a female sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. Progesterone receptor expression has been linked to the prediction of prognosis in breast cancer, as well as associated responses to endocrine therapy. The progesterone receptor has also been linked to risk for ovarian cancer.
Stathmin regulates microtubule dynamics in the cell cycle. It is present in all tissues, but is mostly pronounced in constantly proliferating cell types. Anti-Stathmin staining has been found to correlate with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade, with CIN 3 presenting the greatest expression and CIN 1 displaying the least expression of stathmin.
Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF-1) is present in diencephalon, lung, and thyroid. Anti-TTF-1 stains thyroid and thyroid-derived tumours, and is therefore used for distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma from germ cell tumours, malignant mesothelioma, and metastatic carcinomas from organs other than the thyroid. It is also useful for distinguishing small cell lung carcinoma from lymphoid infiltrates, and pulmonary from non-pulmonary adenocarcinomas in malignant effusions. The ability to distinguish between pulmonary and non-pulmonary adenocarcinomas is particularly useful in identifying tumours that have metastasized to the brain.
Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor 4 (Oct-4), also known as POU5F1 (POU Domain, Class 5, Transcription Factor 1), is a member of the POU homeodomain family of transcription factors and is involved in the maintenance and regulation of pluripotency in embryonic stem and germ cells. Anti-Oct-4 is highly useful and sensitive for seminomas, germinoma, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, and gonadoblastoma. Oct-4 may be associated with tumourigenesis, and can have an effect on some aspects of tumour behavior, including tumour recurrence or resistance to therapies.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC643
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Seminoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Procalcitonin (PCT) belongs to a group of related proteins including calcitonin gene-related peptides I and II, amylin, adrenomodulin and calcitonin (CAPA peptide family). Under normal metabolic conditions, PCT is only present in the C cells of the thyroid gland. In bacterial infection and sepsis, however, intact PCT is found in the blood and, more importantly, its level is related to the severity of bacterial sepsis. Today, PCT is considered to be one of the earliest and most specific markers of sepsis.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC699
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Thyroid
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) is a mucin glycoprotein expressed on apical epithelial cells. Anti-EMA positively stains normal and neoplastic cells including sweat glands, mammary epithelia, and squamous epithelia. Adrenal carcinoma, seminomas, paraganglioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and embryonal carcinomas exhibit a negative stain. As Anti-EMA commonly reacts positively with meningioma, it is useful for differentiating this tumour from other intracranial neoplasms such as schwannomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC566
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Breast, Skin
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) is a transcription factor that binds to the MUE3-type E-box sequences involved in TGF-β signaling. Anti-TFE3 staining is the most sensitive and specific indicator of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas. Since alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is characterized by a specific chromosomal rearrangement resulting in a chimeric transcription factor (ASPSCR1-TFE3), this TFE3 IVD antibody is also a useful diagnostic tool for recognizing ASPS.
The p16 (p16<sup>INK4A</sup>) protein is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that plays an important regulatory role in the cell cycle. By controlling the transition between the G1 and S phases through regulation of retinoblastoma protein, p16 decelerates cellular differentiation and therefore acts as a tumor suppressor, making it the key marker in several human cancers including head and neck cancer, perianal lesions, melanomas, gliomas, lymphomas, and some types of leukemia. p16 is also clinically indicated in carcinomas of the esophagus, pancreas, lung, biliary tract, liver, colon, and urinary bladder.
Podoplanin is a transmembrane mucoprotein specifically expressed in the endothelium of lymphatic capillaries, while remaining absent from the blood vasculature. The protein is co-localized with VEGFR3/FLT4 in normal skin and kidney. Anti-Podoplanin is useful in the identification of lymphangiomas, Kaposi's sarcomas, epithelioid mesotheliomas, hemangioblastomas, seminomas, and some angiosarcomas that likely have lymphatic differentiation.
SPNS2 is a sphingolipid transporter expressed in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL). SPNS2 is required of migration of myocardial precursors, since it contributes in sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) secretion, which is a mediator that plays critical roles in cardiovascular, immunological, and neural development and function.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC694
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Intestine
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Vimentin is a component of intermediate filament in mesenchymal cells, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and melanocytes. Anti-Vimentin is useful for assessing whether tissue samples have been processed and preserved properly. A panel of Anti-Vimentin and Anti-Keratin is useful for differentiating melanomas from large cell lymphomas and undifferentiated carcinomas. This diagnostic grade Vimentin IVD antibody stains melanomas and schwannomas, as well as endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinomas.
Wilms' Tumour Protein (WT1) is a transcription factor involved in the development of the urogenital system. Anti-WT1 is utilized in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary malignancies (nuclei staining) and small round cell tumours. Ewing's sarcomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, neuroblastomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and rhabdoid tumours do not stain with Anti-WT1, but cytoplasmic staining may be observed. Although lung adenocarcinomas do not exhibit nuclear staining with Anti-WT1, the antibody may stain the cytoplasm. Anti-WT1 also stains serous ovarian carcinomas, but does not stain mucinous carcinomas of the ovary and pancreatobiliary carcinomas.
KBA.62, also known as Melanoma Associated Antigen, is used to detect an antigen present in melanocytic tumours, such as melanomas, due to its proven sensitivity and specificity. The antibody can also be used to distinguish between junctional nevus and intradermal nevus cells, and fetal melanocytes versus normal adult melanocytes. Studies have shown KBA.62 to be highly useful in differentiating between metastatic amelanotic melanoma and a number of poorly differentiated carcinomas, large cell lymphomas, sarcomas, and spindle cell carcinomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC062
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Melanoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
TIGIT is an immune receptor present on some T cells and Natural Killer cells. TIGIT binds with high affinity to the poliovirus receptor (PVR) which causes increased secretion of IL10 and decreased secretion of IL12B and suppresses T cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells. Through the CD226/TIGIT-PVR pathway, TIGIT regulates T cell mediated immunity. In cancer, TIGIT and PD-1 have been shown to be over-expressed on tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from individuals with melanoma. Blockade of TIGIT and PD-1 led to increased cell proliferation, cytokine production, and degranulation of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and TIL CD8+ T cells. It can be considered an immune checkpoint.
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates cell-cell adhesion in epithelia. It is normally present on most baso-lateral surfaces of normal epithelial cells and is absent in myoepithelial cells, hepatocytes, adult squamous epithelia, mesothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Anti-EpCAM stains most adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumours, including small cell carcinomas. A minority of renal clear cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma stain positively for EpCAM, while Anti-EpCAM stains nearly all basal cell carcinoma. Anti-EpCAM stains chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma more frequently. Anti-EpCAM can be useful for distinguishing malignancy in the peritoneal and pleural cavities.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) allows for progression of ovarian folliculogenesis, and enables Sertoli cell proliferation in the testis. Anti-FSH reacts with FSH-producing cells, and therefore FSH staining is useful for classifying pituitary cancers and understanding pituitary disease.
Postmeiotic Segregation Increased 2 (PMS2) is a DNA repair protein involved in mismatch repair. Mutations and deficiencies in the PMS2 gene have been linked to microsatellite instability and malignancies such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. Expression levels of the PMS2 protein may be useful as a screening tool for Lynch syndrome after a colorectal cancer diagnosis. Anti-PMS2 is recommended to be used as part of a panel along with antibodies against MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1.
SOX-2, also known as SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 2, is a transcription factor that acts to regulate pluripotency of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, and to regulate gene expression in the stomach. This diagnostic grade SOX-2 IVD antibody is used to detect melanoma, testicular germ cell tumour, cervical carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer with basal cell phenotype, and teratoma of the central nervous system. SOX-2 has been reported as a predictor of poor outcome in stage I lung adenocarcinomas. Anti-SOX-2 is also used to recognize squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and gastrointestinal tract, and may be useful for detecting embryonal carcinoma.
Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) is a family of 3 proto-oncogenes including NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3. NTRK gene fusions have been reported in a variety of tumor types, which are involved in biological processes such as neuronal survival, differentiation, and plasticity under physiological circumstances. Recently, FDA has approved ENtrectinib for patients with NTRK fusions, thus testing for NTRK fusions identifies patients who may be candidates for NTRK inhibitor therapy.
Galectin-3 is a lectin involved in cell adhesion, macrophage activation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and apoptosis. Anti-Galectin-3 is useful for distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. Galectin-3 is also useful for recognizing anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Thyroglobulin is a precursor to the thyroid hormones T4 and T3, and is present in the thyroid follicular cells. Nearly all thyroid follicular carcinomas stain for thyroglobulin and sometimes produce a focal staining pattern. Conversely, poorly differentiated carcinomas and non-thyroid adenocarcinomas do not stain for thyroglobulin, therefore Anti-Thyroglobulin is a useful diagnostic tool for recognizing papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas. A panel of Anti-Thyroglobulin and Anti-Calcitonin is useful for identifying medullary thyroid carcinomas, whereas a panel of Anti-Thyroglobulin and Anti-TTF1 is useful for distinguishing between primary thyroid and lung neoplasms.
GATA3 is a transcription factor important in cell proliferation, development, and differentiation. GATA3 is mostly observed in breast and urothelial carcinomas, and is rarely present in other cancers such as endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Among the breast carcinomas, GATA3 has a lower expression in luminal B subtype breast carcinoma. Studies have found GATA3 expression to be associated with ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), and HER2 in breast cancer cases. Urothelial carcinomas stain positively for GATA3 in invasive or high grade tumours, therefore Anti-GATA3 is useful for carcinoma diagnosis when those of the breast and bladder are plausible.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC583
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Breast Carcinoma, Urothelial Carcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Napsin A is a pepsin-like aspartic proteinase that is closely related to Napsin B. It is expressed mainly in the lung and kidney, and is involved in the correct folding, targeting, and control of aspartic proteinase zymogens. Napsin A expression has been indicated in type II pneumocytes and adenocarcinomas of the lung and kidney. Anti-Napsin A is also useful for differentiating between primary lung adenocarcinomas and adenocarcinomas of other organs, due to the high expression of Napsin A in adenocarcinomas of the lung.
SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 11 (SOX11), also known as Transcription Factor SOX11, is a nuclear transcription factor that acts in regulation of embryonic development, cell differentiation, and the development of the human central nervous system. SOX11 is expressed in medulloblastoma and glioma, and has been indicated as a marker for both Cyclin D1-positive and -negative mantle cell lymphomas, Burkitt's lymphoma, and lymphoblastic lymphoma.
Glucose transporter type I (GLUT1), also known as SCL2A1, is a glucose transporter present in the blood-brain barrier and erythrocytes. GLUT1 overexpression is associated with tumour progression or poor prognoses of bladder, breast, cervical, colon, and lung carcinomas, as well as mesothelioma. Anti-GLUT1 is useful for distinguishing malignant mesothelioma (GLUT1(+)) from reactive mesothelium (GLUT1(-)).
p27, also known as p27<sup>Kip1</sup>, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that binds to and inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases, thereby regulating progression from G1 to S phase. Decreased expression of p27 is linked to poor prognosis in renal-cell carcinoma, colon carcinoma, small breast carcinomas, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple myeloma, lymph node metastases in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, and is associated with a more aggressive phenotype of carcinoma in the cervix.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC027
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Tonsil
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a soluble, cytoclic enzyme involved in the TCA metablic cycle. The most notable mutation in this enzyme, R132H, is clinically indicated in the majority of astrocytomas and oligodendroglial tumours, with the mutation being associated with more favourable prognosis and increased survival in those patients. IDH1 R132H is also useful in the differential diagnosis between anaplastic glioma and glioblastoma.
Excision Repair Cross Complementing 1 (ERCC1) is a DNA repair enzyme involved in the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. ERCC1 overexpression is associated with tumour progression in many malignancies, such as ovarian cancer, head squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and esophageal cancer.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC568
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Prostate, Prostate Carcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD274, or B7 Homolog 1 (B7-H1), is a transmembrane protein involved in suppressing the immune system and rendering tumour cells resistant to lysis through binding of the Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptor. Overexpression of PD-L1 may allow cancer cells to evade the actions of the host immune system. In renal cell carcinoma, upregulation of PD-L1 has been linked to increased tumour aggressiveness and risk of death. When considered in adjunct with CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte density, expression levels of PD-L1 may be a useful predictor of multiple cancer types, including stage III non-small-cell lung cancer, hormone receptor negative breast cancer, and sentinel lymph node melanoma.
SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 10 (SOX-10), also known as Transcription Factor SOX-10, is a nuclear transcription factor that acts in regulation of embryonic development and in the specification and differentiation of cells of melanocytic lineage. SOX-10 is diffusely expressed in neurofibromas and schwannomas, and mutations in the SOX-10 gene are linked to Waardenburg-Shah and Waardenburg-Hirschsprung's disease. Anti-SOX-10 has been shown to be sensitive for conventional, spindled, and desmoplastic melanoma, and has been used to detect metastatic melanoma and nodal capsular nevus in sentinel lymph nodes.
DOG1, also known as Discovered on GIST-1, is a marker that is highly specific for gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). Anti-DOG1 is extremely sensitive for the detection of GIST and its diagnosis. Although some GIST stain weakly for c-kit, DOG1 is expressed in the vast majority of GIST cases. Reports have also indicated DOG1 as a marker for salivary acinar and intercalated duct differentiation.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC562
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Glycophorin A (GPA) and Glycophorin B (GPB) are erythrocyte blood group determinants that minimize erythrocyte aggregation during the circulation of blood. Anti-Glycophorin A is useful for understanding erythroid cell development and identifying erythroid leukemias.
Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) is a member of the CD28/CTLA-4 family of T-cell regulators, expressed as a co-receptor on the surface of activated T-cells, B-cells, and macrophages. New studies have suggested that the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway may be linked to anti-tumour immunity, as PD-L1 has been shown to induce apoptosis of activated T-cells or inhibit activity of cytotoxic T-cells. In comparison to CD10 and Bcl-6, PD-1 is expressed by fewer B-cells and has therefore been considered a more specific and useful diagnostic marker for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Therapies targeted toward the PD-1 receptor have shown remarkable clinical responses in patients with various types of cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, and renal-cell cancer.
Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), also known as Enolase 2 (ENO2), is one of three enolase enzymes found in mammals, and acts as a phosphopyruvate hydratase. This mammalian glycolytic isoenzyme is located specifically in neurons of neuroendocrine cells, as well as tumours associated with those neurons. However, it has also been detected immunohistochemically in non-neoplastic cells of the pituitary, peptide-secreting tissues, pinealocytes, neuroendocrine cells of the lung, thyroid, parafollicular cells, adrenal medulla, islets of Langerhans, Merkel cells of the skin, and melanocytes. NSE is a useful marker for identifying normal striated muscle, hepatocytes, and peripheral nerves. Anti-NSE may detect for neuroendocrine differentiation, only when used in a panel of antibodies including more specific markers such as synaptophysin, chromogranin, and neurofilament.
T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin-Domain-Containing Molecule-3 (TIM3) is present on T-helper type 1 lymphocytes and other immune cells, including dendritic cells and natural killer cells. TIM3 is overexpressed in CD4+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, including those with non-small cell lung cancer associated with poor prognoses. TIM3 has recently emerged as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a GPI-anchored proteoglycan involved in cell division and growth regulation. Glypican-3 is a useful tumour marker, and its expression has been shown to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, melanoma, testicular germ cell tumours, and Wilms' tumour. Patients with HCC have presented elevated levels of GPC3 in the neoplastic liver tissues and serum, levels which are higher than detected in cirrhotic liver or liver with focal lesions, including those with hepatic adenoma and dysplastic nodules. Glypican-3 is also overexpressed in testicular germ cell tumours of certain subtypes, such as yolk sac tumours and choriocarcinoma, and in embryonal tumours.
PAX8 is expressed in simple ovarian inclusion cysts and non-ciliated mucosal cells of the fallopian tubes, but is absent from normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Mutations in the PAX8 gene are linked to thyroid follicular carcinomas, atypical thyroid adenomas, and thyroid dysgenesis. Reports have associated PAX8 expression with renal carcinoma, nephroblastoma, and seminoma, and have indicated PAX8 as a useful marker for renal epithelial tumours, ovarian cancer, and for differential diagnoses in lung and neck tumours. Anti-PAX8 can be useful in determining the primary site of invasive micropapillary carcinomas of ovary from bladder, lung, and breast, when used in adjunct with a panel of organ-specific markers such as uroplakin, mammaglobin, and TTF-1.
The p16 (p16<sup>INK4A</sup>) protein is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that plays an important regulatory role in the cell cycle. By controlling the transition between the G1 and S phases through regulation of retinoblastoma protein, p16 decelerates cellular differentiation and therefore acts as a tumor suppressor, making it the key marker in several human cancers including head and neck cancer, perianal lesions, melanomas, gliomas, lymphomas, and some types of leukemia. p16 is also clinically indicated in carcinomas of the esophagus, pancreas, lung, biliary tract, liver, colon, and urinary bladder.
Sal-Like Protein 4 (SALL4) is a zinc finger transcription factor found in germ cells and human blood progenitor cells, with functional involvement in modulating Oct-4 to maintain embryonic stem cell pluripotency. SALL4 is a useful marker for acute myeloid leukemia, B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, intratubular germ cell neoplasia, seminomas/dysgerminomas, and yolk sac tumours (both pediatric and postpubertal). Anti-SALL4 is used to detect embryonal carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gliomas, ovarian primitive germ-cell tumours, choriocarcinomas, spermatogonia, teratoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Expression of SALL4 is often associated with poor prognosis in HCC, and with metastasis in endometrial cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a GPI-anchored proteoglycan involved in cell division and growth regulation. Glypican-3 is a useful tumour marker, and its expression has been shown to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, melanoma, testicular germ cell tumours, and Wilms' tumour. Patients with HCC have presented elevated levels of GPC3 in the neoplastic liver tissues and serum, levels which are higher than detected in cirrhotic liver or liver with focal lesions, including those with hepatic adenoma and dysplastic nodules. Glypican-3 is also overexpressed in testicular germ cell tumours of certain subtypes, such as yolk sac tumours and choriocarcinoma, and in embryonal tumours.
PAX8 is expressed in simple ovarian inclusion cysts and non-ciliated mucosal cells of the fallopian tubes, but is absent from normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Mutations in the PAX8 gene are linked to thyroid follicular carcinomas, atypical thyroid adenomas, and thyroid dysgenesis. Reports have associated PAX8 expression with renal carcinoma, nephroblastoma, and seminoma, and have indicated PAX8 as a useful marker for renal epithelial tumours, ovarian cancer, and for differential diagnoses in lung and neck tumours. Anti-PAX8 can be useful in determining the primary site of invasive micropapillary carcinomas of ovary from bladder, lung, and breast, when used in adjunct with a panel of organ-specific markers such as uroplakin, mammaglobin, and TTF-1.
Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (NGFR), also known as p75, P-75NTR, or CD271, is a neurotrophin receptor belonging to the tumour necrosis factor receptor family. It is expressed mainly in Schwann cells and neurons, as well as a number of other non-neuronal cell types, and is also expressed in melanocytes, melanomas, neuroblastomas, pheochromocytomas, neurofibromas, neurotized nevi (type C melanocytes), and other neural crest cell or tumour derivatives. It has been suggested that NGFR may act as a tumour suppressor indicated in prostate and urothelial cancer, and Anti-NGFR is often used in adjunct with S100, to aid in the diagnosis of desmoplastic and neurotrophic malignant melanomas. Anti-NGFR is also useful as an aid in the diagnosis of breast malignancy, as the antibody labels the myoepithelial cells of breast ducts and intralobular fibroblasts of breast ducts.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC637
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Breast
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Erythroblastosis Virus E26 Transforming Sequence Related Gene (ERG) facilitates endothelial homeostasis. ERG is found in malignant and benign vascular endothelial tumours, including hemangiomas and Kaposi's sarcoma. ERG is present in various prostate carcinomas, but is absent in breast, colon, and urothelium carcinomas. Anti-ERG is useful for differentiating prostate carcinoma from non-prostatic epithelial tumours, and for recognizing vascular endothelial neoplasms.
Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) is a type II keratin which is present in transitional, ductal, glandular, and biliary duct epithelial cells. Cytokeratin 7 is a useful marker for distinguishing between carcinomas of the lung, breast, endometrium, and urothelia (positive stain) from carcinomas of the colon and prostate (negative stain). Cytokeratin 7 is present is nearly all primary lung adenocarcinomas, and is a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms. Anti-Cytokeratin 7 does not stain intermediate filament.
Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) is a member of a highly conserved group of enzymes that plays important roles in synthesis and transcription of DNA as well as chromosomal segregation during mitosis. The overexpression of TOP2A has been correlated with increased risk of progression in various cancers, and it has been a target for the development of anti-polymerase inhibitors to treat cancer.
PAX5 is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors, which are key regulators in early development. The PAX5 gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein (BSAP), whose expression is limited to early stages of B-cell differentiation. Anti-PAX5 is useful in differentiating between classic Hodgkin's lymphoma versus multiple myeloma and solitary plasmacytoma, as the protein is expressed in mature and precursor B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas/leukemias while being absent from the other two conditions. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas are positive for PAX5, with the exception of those with terminal B-cell differentiation, and T-cell neoplasms do not stain with Anti-PAX5.
Estrogen Receptors (ER) are a group of nuclear hormone receptors activated by the hormone estrogen. ER is found in normal epithelial cells of the breast and endometrium, as well as in breast cancer cells.
Anti-Hairy Cell Leukemia stains various B-cells in the follicular mantle zone and virtually all cases of hairy cell leukemia. It also stains some high grade B-cell lymphomas.
Serum Amyloid A1 (SAA1) is a member of the serum amyloid A family of apolipoproteins. Highly inducible SAA1 is an acute phase protein expressed in response to tissue injury and chronic inflammatory disease. The recent studies also suggest SAA1 is associated with tumor pathogenesis contributing to certain types of malignant tumors.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the placenta after conception. Anti-hCG is useful for identifying trophoblastic tumours, such as choriocarcinoma. hCG is also a marker for non-trophoblastic tumours such as large cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a cytoplasmic enzyme encoded by the INDO gene on human chromosome 8p22. IDO1 modulates levels of the amino acid tryptophan, which is vital for cell growth, but is also involved in immune evasion and tumor outgrowth. Blocking the IDO1 pathway may be a potential target for immuno and cancer therapy. IDO1 expressions have been found in endometrial, cervical carcinomas, renal cell carcinomas, non-small cell lung carcinomas, and colorectal carcinomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC701
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Tonsil
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
<em>Helicobacter pylori</em> are spiral-shaped, gram-negative bacteria that inhabit the mucosal lining of the gastric epithelium. Infection with <em>H. pylori</em> is strongly associated with many gastroduodenal diseases, including intestinal-type carcinomas, peptic and gastric ulcers, and chronic gastritis. There is evidence linking these bacteria to gastric and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, and <em>H. pylori</em> has also been indicated as a risk factor for colorectal polyps in children.
The Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (hENT1) mediates the cellular uptake of physiologic nucleosides, including adenosine, as well as many anti-cancer drugs including gemcitabine, cytarabine, and decitabine. Deficiency of hENT1 can lead to resistance of such drugs, and the abundance of hENT1 protein in the plasma membrane is a major indicator of the efficiency and clinical outcome of these anti-cancer nucleosides.
Desmin is a type III intermediate filament present in normal smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Analysis by light microscopy suggests desmin localizes towards the periphery of Z-lines in striated muscle fibrils. Desmin connects cytoplasmic dense bodies to membranous dense plaques in smooth muscles. Anti-Desmin stains rhabdomyomas, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyomas, and perivascular cells from skin glomus tumours, and is used to identify the myogenic characteristics of tumours. Desmin can also be found in myofibroblasts and desmoid fibromatosis.
Estrogen Receptors (ER) are a group of nuclear hormone receptors activated by the hormone estrogen. ER is found in normal epithelial cells of the breast and endometrium, as well as in breast cancer cells.
DOG1, also known as Discovered on GIST-1, is a marker that is highly specific for gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). Anti-DOG1 is extremely sensitive for the detection of GIST and its diagnosis. Although some GIST stain weakly for c-kit, DOG1 is expressed in the vast majority of GIST cases. Reports have also indicated DOG1 as a marker for salivary acinar and intercalated duct differentiation.
Hepatocyte Specific Antigen, also known as Hep-Par1, has proven to be strongly useful in the detection of both benign and malignant liver-derived tissues, and associated tumours such as hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathological diagnosis of HCC is often difficult as it shares histological and cytological features with adenoid cystic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. Hep-Par1 is indicated as an effective marker to distinguish between these mimics, and therefore aids in the differential diagnosis of HCC.
p63 is a tumour suppressor protein that is very similar to p53 in structure and function, while being homologous to p73. p63 is important in development and differentiation, and has been identified as a useful marker for distinguishing between lung squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Anti-p63 is also used to differentiate between benign and malignant prostate and breast lesions, due to its labeling of the nuclei of myoepithelial cells in both tissue types.
S-100 is a low-molecular weight protein found in Schwann cells, melanocytes, glial cells, histiocytes, lipocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscle, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoepithelial cells, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, and keratinocytes. S-100 is a useful marker for Schwann cell-derived tumours and a number of well-differentiated tumours of the salivary gland, adipose and cartilaginous tissue. Anti-S-100 is used to detect melanomas, histiocytosis X, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours, and clear cell sarcomas.
Tau proteins are abundant in neurons of the central nervous system, and function in microtubule stability and organization. Defects in Tau functioning and aggregation of these proteins have been clinically linked to a number of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Pick’s disease (PiD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), cortical basal degeneration (CBD), and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17).
Neurofilaments are a group of intermediate filaments found abundantly around the axons of vertebrate neurons. They are also expressed in paragangliomas, adrenal pheochromocytomas, Merkel cell tumours, carcinoid tumours, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung. Anti-Neurofilament stains a variety of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumours, such as neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC639
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Brain
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
p57<sup>Kip2</sup>, also known as p57, is a tumour suppressor protein that causes cell cycle arrest at G1 by binding to G1 cyclin-CDK complexes. The p57<sup>Kip2</sup> gene is a potential tumour suppressor target as the gene is located in a chromosomal region implicated in sporadic cancers, Wilms' tumour, and Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome. Anti-p57<sup>Kip2</sup> labels many cytotrophoblast nuclei and stromal cells in normal placenta, and is useful in differentiating between complete hydatidiform mole and partial hydatidiform mole or hydropic abortion.
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is a methylase of histone H3 that silences gene expression in those regions. EZH2 is overexpressed or mutated in gastric, prostate, uterine, breast, and renal cell cancers, as well as in melanoma and most B- and T-cell lymphomas. Although EZH2 is usually present in follicular centers, it is not expressed in the mantle zones, plasma cells, follicular or interfollicular T-lymphocytes, natural killer T-lymphocytes, plasmacytoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, or MALT lymphoma. EZH2 is rarely present in normal breast duct epithelium and in normal and hyperplastic lymph node. Anti-EZH2 is also useful for detecting lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancers. EZH2 is associated with tumour proliferation and can be used in staining panels to distinguish aggressive lymphomas from less aggressive lymphomas or normal cells.
The HER2/neu (c-erbB-2) proto-oncogene is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is clinically indicated in a number of carcinomas. Overexpression of the c-erbB-2 protein has been associated with ductal breast cancer, as well as pulmonary and gastric adenocarcinomas. A correlation between HER2 and p53 has also been documented, as overexpression of both proteins has been associated with early invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC012
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Breast Carcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
The HER2/neu (c-erbB-2) proto-oncogene is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is clinically indicated in a number of carcinomas. Overexpression of the c-erbB-2 protein has been associated with ductal breast cancer, as well as pulmonary and gastric adenocarcinomas. A correlation between HER2 and p53 has also been documented, as overexpression of both proteins has been associated with early invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer.
Progesterone Receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3, Group C, Member 3), is an intracellular steroid receptor which mediates the physiological effects of progesterone, a female sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. Progesterone receptor expression has been linked to the prediction of prognosis in breast cancer, as well as associated responses to endocrine therapy. The progesterone receptor has also been linked to risk for ovarian cancer.
ROS1 serves as a receptor tyrosine kinase. Gene rearrangement events involving ROS1 have been described in lung and other cancers, and such tumors have been found to be remarkably responsive to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Multiple studies have demonstrated an incidence of approximately 1% in lung cancers, demonstrated oncogenicity, and showed that inhibition of tumor cells bearing ROS1 gene fusions by crizotinib or other ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors was effective in vitro.
Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) is present in single-layer epithelial tissue. CK8 frequently interacts with Cytokeratin 18, and Anti-Cytokeratin 8 is useful for identifying adenocarcinomas with simple epithelium origin. It may also be used to differentiate between lobular (perinuclear staining) and ductal (peripheral staining) breast carcinomas.
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is a methylase of histone H3 that silences gene expression in those regions. EZH2 is overexpressed or mutated in gastric, prostate, uterine, breast, and renal cell cancers, as well as in melanoma and most B- and T-cell lymphomas. Although EZH2 is usually present in follicular centers, it is not expressed in the mantle zones, plasma cells, follicular or interfollicular T-lymphocytes, natural killer T-lymphocytes, plasmacytoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, or MALT lymphoma. EZH2 is rarely present in normal breast duct epithelium and in normal and hyperplastic lymph node. Anti-EZH2 is also useful for detecting lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancers. EZH2 is associated with tumour proliferation and can be used in staining panels to distinguish aggressive lymphomas from less aggressive lymphomas or normal cells.
p504s, also known as ?-Methylacyl Coenzyme A Racemase (AMACR), is an enzyme localized in the peroxisome and mitochondria that functions in ?-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, as well as bile synthesis. AMACR has been clinically indicated as a tissue biomarker for prostate cancer and colorectal cancer, as well as high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor lesion of prostate cancer. p504s overexpression has also been detected in a number of other cancers including ovarian, breast, bladder, lung, and renal cell carcinomas, lymphoma, and melanoma.
Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is a crucial enzyme responsible for the synthesis of 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP) a precursor for thymidylate which is necessary for DNA replication and repair from 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (dUMP). In terms of cancer, TS is an important target for cancer treatment as the inhibition of TS and therefore nucleotide synthesis necessary for cell growth has shown to be a vital part for successful treatment against colorectal, pancreatic and breast cancers.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC697
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Colon Cancer
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Anti-Kappa recognizes surface immunoglobulin on normal and neoplastic B-cells, and has been indicated as a potential aid in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, where the expression of a single light chain class is restricted. The determination of light chain ratio is critical in evaluating B-cell neoplasms, as the majority of B-cell lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, while a mixture of kappa and lambda is characteristic of reactive proliferations. In paraffin-embedded tissue, Anti-Kappa displays strong staining of kappa-positive plasma cells, as well as cells that have absorbed exogenous immunoglobulins.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC609
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Pancreas
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
The HER2/neu (c-erbB-2) proto-oncogene is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is clinically indicated in a number of carcinomas. Overexpression of the c-erbB-2 protein has been associated with ductal breast cancer, as well as pulmonary and gastric adenocarcinomas. A correlation between HER2 and p53 has also been documented, as overexpression of both proteins has been associated with early invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer.
Anti-p40 recognizes squamous and basal cells, the shortest variant of p53, and ΔNp63 (an isoform of p63). p40 has been indicated as an alternative to p63 for the detection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SqCC), offering the advantage of eliminating potential misinterpretation of a positive adenocarcinoma as a SqCC.
Prostatic Specific Acid Phosphatase (PSAP) is a prostatic enzyme found in the glandular epithelium of the prostate. PSAP levels are elevated in hyperplastic prostate and prostate carcinoma, with the highest levels being detected in metastasized prostate cancer. Moderate overexpression of PSAP is also characteristic of diseases of the bone (such as Paget's disease or hyperparathyroidism), diseases of blood cells (such as sickle-cell disease), multiple myeloma, or lysosomal storage diseases (such as Gaucher's disease). PSAP is considered more sensitive, yet less specific, than PSA, however Anti-PSAP can act as a useful complement to Anti-PSA under suitable clinical contexts.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC655
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Prostate, Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Tumour-Associated Glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many cancer pathologies. Anti-TAG-72 can be useful for detecting some adenocarcinomas and non-neoplastic tissues. This diagnostic grade TAG-72 IVD antibody is useful for identifying adenocarcinomas in positive staining, but in mesotheliomas no staining is observed.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC072
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Lung Adenocarcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Anti-p40 recognizes squamous and basal cells, the shortest variant of p53, and ΔNp63 (an isoform of p63). p40 has been indicated as an alternative to p63 for the detection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SqCC), offering the advantage of eliminating potential misinterpretation of a positive adenocarcinoma as a SqCC.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase present in gliocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and other cell types. EGFR is overexpressed in various cancers including those of the colon, pancreas, oropharynx, stomach, and non–small cell lung, as well as head and neck squamous carcinoma and anal squamous carcinoma. EGFR expression is common in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative and basal-like breast carcinomas, and recent research has also found EGFR expressed in malignant bone and soft tissue cancers. Anti-EGFR is useful for detecting epithelioid and synovial sarcoma.
Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that contributes to cell adhesion, migration, and metastasis. Renal cancer cells exhibit higher expression of fibronectin, therefore Anti-Fibronectin is useful for assessing the progression and aggressiveness of renal cancer cells.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a serine protease of the kallikrein family that is produced by the prostate epithelium and epithelial lining of the periurethral glands. Although considered prostate-specific, PSA has also been detected in breast tissue, breast tumours, endometrium, adrenal neoplasms, and renal cell carcinomas. Anti-PSA can be used for differentiating high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma from high-grade urothelial carcinoma, as well as for determining the prostatic origin of carcinomas in non-prostate tissues. Anti-PSA recognizes primary and metastatic prostatic neoplasms, but not tumours of nonprostatic origin, and can be useful as an aid to confirm prostatic acinar cell origin in primary and metastatic carcinomas.
Survivin is an apoptosis inhibitor that is nearly undetectable in terminally differentiated cells, but found in most tumours including renal cell carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. Survivin expression is linked to tumour progression, but not patient survival.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC668
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Lymphoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Flt-1, also known as Fms Related Tyrosine Kinase 1 or VEGFR1 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1), is a tyrosine kinase involved in lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and wound healing. It is present in endothelial cells, osteoblasts, placental trophoblasts, renal mesangial cells, and some hematopoietic stem cells. Anti-Flt-1/VEGFR1 is useful for identifying carcinomas of the larynx and esophagus.
E-cadherin is an intercellular adhesion molecule present in epithelial cells. Anti-E-cadherin stains glandular epithelium, as well as lung, gastrointestinal, and ovarian adenocarcinomas. A panel of antibodies against E-cadherin and p120 is also used to differentiate ductal (membranous staining) and lobular breast cancer (cytoplasmic staining). Anti-E-cadherin also stains some thyroid cancers.
Prolactin (PRL) is a peptide hormone synthesized and secreted by lactotroph cells in the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland). PRL plays a role in a number of processes including cell growth, reproduction, and immune function, with its primary function being associated with lactation. Anti-Prolactin reacts with lactotroph cells, and is useful in classification of pituitary tumours and the study of pituitary disease.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC652
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Pituitary
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
FOXP3 is a forkhead transcription factor family member which plays a key role in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function and represents a specific marker for these cells. Specifically in IHC, FOXP3 is a marker for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). In normal lymphoid tissues, a T-cell subset in interfollicular areas shows nuclear staining. There are many characteristics of FOXP3s role in cancer, which involves tumour progression through the suppression of T-cell activity and oncogene suppression through suppressing the expression of HER2, Skp2, SATB1 and MYC oncogenes.
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which plays a role in brain and nervous system development. ALK is typically expressed at low levels in regions of the developing central and peripheral nervous system, such as the neonatal brain and spinal cord. The most common genetic alterations of this gene are chromosomal translocations, which result in multiple ALK fusion proteins that are involved in tumourigenesis, as in the case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), lung adenocarcinoma, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours. Aberrant ALK expression is also found in other tumours such as familial neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and brain cancers.
CD45RO is an isoform of CD45 which is expressed in thymocytes, activated T-cells, and subpopulations of resting T-cells. It is a useful marker for T-cell tumours, as Anti-CD45RO demonstrates no reactivity with B-cells. Specifically, CD45RO is implicated in a number of T-cell lymphomas including angioimmunoblastic, lymphoblastic, peripheral, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC537
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Tonsil
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Actin is part of the cytoskeletal system of all cell types. Smooth muscle actin is found in myofibroblasts and myoepithelium, but not in cardiac or skeletal muscles. Labeling of smooth muscle actin in concert with muscle specific actin staining can allow for differentiation between rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, as muscle-specific actin is found in rhabdomyoblasts, while smooth muscle actin is found in leiomyosarcomas.
B7H4 is a glycosylated transmembrane protein of the B7 family. It binds to activated T cells to moderate the T cell responses via cell cycle arrest in the T cell. Reverse signaling can induce either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in the B7H4 expressing cell. B7H4 is up-regulated in several carcinomas in correlation with tumor progression and metastasis. A soluble form of B7H4 is elevated in the serum of ovarian cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and rheumatoid arthritis patients, also in correlation with advanced disease status.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC104
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2b
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Breast
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cluster of Differentiation 5 (CD5) is expressed in high levels on the surface of T-cells, while the expression levels and role of CD5 in B-cells is not well documented. As a part of a diagnostic panel, its utility lies predominantly as a marker for T-cells, with over 70% of T-cell neoplasms expressing CD5. In particular, it is correlated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphomas, mantle cell lymphoma, as well as a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. CD5 demonstrates positive expression in thymic carcinomas, and is not as sensitive as CD3. CD5 also has value as a prognostic indicator, as it is associated with poor prognosis in acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.
CD45R, also known as MB1, is an isoform of CD45 that is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) family. CD45R is expressed specifically on the surface of hematopoietic cells, and has demonstrated function as a regulator of the antigen and cytokine receptor signaling of B- and T-cells. Given that the antigen is located in the membrane of all B-cells, with the exception of plasma cells and some mature T-cells, Anti-CD45R exhibits specific reactivity with most B-lymphocytes. The use of Anti-CD45R is primarily useful in distinguishing B-cell lymphomas from T-cell lymphomas, with specific reactivity to follicle center cells, mantle cells, some medullary thymocytes, and 80% of B-cell lymphomas.
Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44) is a glycoprotein receptor for hyaluronic acid that plays a fundamental role in cellular adhesion, stromal binding, migration, and cell-cell interactions. Positive staining with Anti-CD44 is implicated in a multitude of different cancer types, including breast, prostatic, renal cell, colonic, hepatocellular, and genitourinary carcinomas, as well as non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, metastatic melanoma, gastric cancer, and some soft tissue tumours. It has also been demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between tumour progression and increased expression of CD44v, a high molecular weight CD44 isoform that has been described in epithelial cells. Given the expression of CD44 in a wide range of cancers, the most practical application of CD44 immunostaining is its use in discriminating between urothelial transitional cell carcinoma <em>in situ</em> from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC044
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Benign Urothelium
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a major plasma glycoprotein seen in hepatocytes of fetal liver and in hepatoma. Elevated levels of AFP in adult serum may be indicative of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoid adenocarcinoma, germ cell tumours, or yolk sac tumours. In hepatocellular carcinoma, AFP expression usually indicates malignancy in a hepatocellular nodule and hepatic histogenesis of a malignancy.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC714
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cluster of Differentiation 57 (CD57), also known as NK-1, is an antigen detectable in natural killer cells, some T-lymphocytes and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, myeloid cells, and a variety of polypeptides, lipids, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. CD57 is indicated as a marker for tumours of neuroendocrine origin, including pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, medulloblastomas, and carcinoid tumour, as well as various neural tumours including neuromas, neurofibromas, schwannomas, and granular cell tumours. CD57 is also detectable in ganglioneuroma and prostate carcinoma. Anti-CD57 is used to distinguish nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma from T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma, nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease, and follicular lymphoma.
Cluster of Differentiation 45 (CD45), also known as Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA), is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) family that is known to regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, the mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. CD45 is expressed in most nucleated cells of hematopoietic origin, and is an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Anti-CD45 positively stains the majority of lymphoid neoplasms, and is highly indicative of lymphoid origin. However, an absence of CD45 does not rule out lymphoid tumours, as certain types of neoplasms lack CD45, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, some T-cell lymphomas, and some leukemias.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC145
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Tonsil, Lymph Node, Lymphoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cluster of Differentiation 56 (CD56), also known as Neural-Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM), is a glycoprotein involved in synaptic plasticity, cell-cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, learning, and memory. NCAM is expressed in normal neurons, glia, natural killer cells, activated T-cells, brain and cerebellum, neuroendocrine tissues, and skeletal muscle. Anti-CD56 recognizes a number of tumours including myeloma, myeloid leukemia, natural killer/T-cell lymphomas, neuroendocrine tumours, pancreatic acinar-cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and Wilm's tumour. CD56 is detectable in neoplasms that are neuroectodermally-derived, such as retinoblastoma, medulloblastomas, astrocytomas, small cell carcinomas, and neuroblastomas. It has also been linked to rhabdomyosarcoma, a tumour that is mesodermally-derived.
Androgen Receptor (AR) is a transcriptional regulator with a broad array of functions. This marker is clinically significant in the understanding of tumour progression and tumour aggressiveness. The detection of AR by immunohistochemical staining is important for diagnosis of all types of prostate carcinoma, including both therapy-responsive and therapy-unresponsive disease states. Co-testing with AR and CK20 is used for differential diagnosis of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (DTE) [CK20+/AR-], morpheaform basal cell carcinoma (BCC) [CK20-/AR+], and microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) [CK20-/AR-].
Cluster of Differentiation 5 (CD5) is expressed in high levels on the surface of T-cells, while the expression levels and role of CD5 in B-cells is not well documented. As a part of a diagnostic panel, its utility lies predominantly as a marker for T-cells, with over 70% of T-cell neoplasms expressing CD5. In particular, it is correlated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphomas, mantle cell lymphoma, as well as a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. CD5 demonstrates positive expression in thymic carcinomas, and is not as sensitive as CD3. CD5 also has value as a prognostic indicator, as it is associated with poor prognosis in acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.
Cluster of Differentiation 45 (CD45), also known as Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA), is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) family that is known to regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, the mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. CD45 is expressed in most nucleated cells of hematopoietic origin, and is an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Anti-CD45 positively stains the majority of lymphoid neoplasms, and is highly indicative of lymphoid origin. However, an absence of CD45 does not rule out lymphoid tumours, as certain types of neoplasms lack CD45, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, some T-cell lymphomas, and some leukemias.
Cluster of Differentiation 56 (CD56), also known as Neural-Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM), is a glycoprotein involved in synaptic plasticity, cell-cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, learning, and memory. NCAM is expressed in normal neurons, glia, natural killer cells, activated T-cells, brain and cerebellum, neuroendocrine tissues, and skeletal muscle. Anti-CD56 recognizes a number of tumours including myeloma, myeloid leukemia, natural killer/T-cell lymphomas, neuroendocrine tumours, pancreatic acinar-cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and Wilm's tumour. CD56 is detectable in neoplasms that are neuroectodermally-derived, such as retinoblastoma, medulloblastomas, astrocytomas, small cell carcinomas, and neuroblastomas. It has also been linked to rhabdomyosarcoma, a tumour that is mesodermally-derived.
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a membrane protein that plays a role in innate and adaptive immunity by controlling the biosynthesis of inflammation, prostaglandins, and leukotriene mediators. This target is overexpressed in 97% of all samples from patients with hairy cell leukemia, and is absent in other B-cell lymphomas. High ANXA1 expression is frequently associated with advanced stage esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma, and is also linked to advanced and metastatic disease states.
Arginase-1, encoded by the ARG1 gene, is a cytosolic metalloenzyme expressed predominantly in hepatocytes. Arginase-1 plays a key role in the urea cycle by catalyzing the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. Argininemia is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a buildup of arginine and ammonia in the blood. Anti-Arginase-1 is highly specific for hepatocytes, and is therefore a sensitive and specific marker of benign and malignant hepatic tumours.
Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44) is a glycoprotein receptor for hyaluronic acid that plays a fundamental role in cellular adhesion, stromal binding, migration, and cell-cell interactions. Positive staining with Anti-CD44 is implicated in a multitude of different cancer types, including breast, prostatic, renal cell, colonic, hepatocellular, and genitourinary carcinomas, as well as non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, metastatic melanoma, gastric cancer, and some soft tissue tumours. It has also been demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between tumour progression and increased expression of CD44v, a high molecular weight CD44 isoform that has been described in epithelial cells. Given the expression of CD44 in a wide range of cancers, the most practical application of CD44 immunostaining is its use in discriminating between urothelial transitional cell carcinoma <em>in situ</em> from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC144
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Benign Urothelium
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
B-Cell Lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a zinc finger transcription factor. BCL6 expression is seen in follicular lymphomas, Burkitt's lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma. Together with BCL2, BCL6 is often used to distinguish neoplastic follicles from those in benign hyperplasia, and to aid in the classification of mantle cell lymphomas and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) describes a set of glycophosphatidyl inositol and transmembrane cell-surface-anchored glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion, differentiation, anoikis, polarization, and tissue architecture. CEA staining, along with Calretinin, CK 5/6, D2-40, HBME-1, Napsin A, MOC-31, and Ber-EP4, is used to help differentiate between adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma. Staining with Anti-CEA is also suggested to be useful in identifying the origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma. CEA is an effective marker for adenocarcinomas of the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.
BG8 Lewis<sup>y</sup>, also known as Lewis<sup>y</sup> Blood Antigen or simply BG8, is a blood group antigen that has been identified in many studies as a potential marker for differentiation between pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PACA) and epithelioid mesothelioma (EM). It has been reported that sensitivity of non-mesothelial antigens for adenocarcinoma is organ-dependent. When attempting to differentiate epithelioid mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma, BG8 Lewis<sup>y</sup> performed at a sensitivity of 98% in the breast cancer group, and 100% in the lung cancer group.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC517
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Lung Adenocarcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase B-Raf (BRAF) is a cytoplasmic serine-threonine kinase of the RAF family, which mediates downstream cellular responses to growth signals through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Oncogenic mutations in the BRAF gene, 80% of which are a single V600E substitution within the kinase domain, constitutively activate the MAPK signaling pathway and result in increased cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance. The V600E mutation is observed in colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, malignant melanoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. BRAF V600E is therefore an important immunohistochemical marker for tumour diagnosis and prognosis.
Cluster of Differentiation 15 (CD15), also known as Leu-M1, is a carbohydrate adhesion molecule. Positive staining for CD15 and negative staining for leukocyte common antigen or other B- or T-cell lineage markers helps recognize Reed Sternberg cells (RSC) in classic Hodgkin's lymphoma, and distinguishes it from Hodgkin-like neoplasms. CD15 does not stain mesotheliomas and is therefore most useful for distinguishing epithelial mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma.
Cluster of Differentiation 61 (CD61), also known as Glycoprotein IIIa or GPIIIa, is an antigen expressed on megakaryocytes, platelets, myeloid cells, monocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. It is involved in platelet aggregation and acts as a receptor for fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, and vitronectin. Anti-CD61 is used for identifying megakaryocytopoiesis, as seen in megakaryoblastic leukemias, myelodysplastic disorders, and acute myeloid leukemias. CD61 is also indicated as a marker for platelet adhesion in advanced atherosclerosis and has been reported in the identification of fat embolism in pulmonary tissue.
Bile Salt Export Pump (BSEP) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and mediates the transport of bile acid, taurocholate, and other cholate conjugates across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane into the canaliculus. BSEP is associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) and benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (BRIC2). PFIC2 caused by mutations in the BSEP gene increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in early life.
c-Myc is a phosphoprotein involved with cell proliferation and differentiation. It is a useful marker for differentiation between Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) since, despite morphological similarities between the two B-cell lymphomas, Anti-c-Myc stains all BL and only a few DLBCL cases. A panel of antibodies against c-Myc, CD10, BCL2, and Ki-67 is useful for cases where Myc FISH analysis is warranted or can be omitted. Nuclear c-Myc overexpression is common in luminal cells of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, many primary carcinomas, and metastatic disease.
Cluster of Differentiation 138 (CD138), also known as Syndecan-1, is a trans- membrane glycoprotein present on the surface of B-cells during late stage differentiation. Anti-CD138 is used to differentiate marginal zone lymphoma from lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. ALK+ Large B-Cell Lymphoma (LBCL) commonly stains positively for CD138, but not for CD20 and CD79a. Anti-CD138 reacts positively with HHV8-associated primary effusion lymphoma that lacks B-cell markers. CD138 is also a useful marker for identifying and enumerating benign, reactive, or malignant plasma cells from the bone marrow biopsy samples.
Chromogranin A is localized in secretory granules of neurons and endocrine cells in tissues, including pituitary, adrenal medulla, thyroid, pancreatic islets, and the gastrointestinal tract. Neuroendocrine cells exhibit a fine granular immunoreactivity to Anti-Chromogranin A. It is widely recognized that co-expression of keratins and chromogranin A implies a neuroendocrine lineage. High expression of chromogranin A and negative staining with Anti-Keratin is a possible indication of paraganglioma. Positive staining for chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase is representative of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Many pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas stain positively for chromogranin A.
CA 19-9 is a secreted protein that is implicated in various cancers. It is overexpressed in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas and gastric, pancreatic, and colonic (gastrointestinal) adenocarcinomas, but is not expressed in breast, kidney, and prostate carcinomas. CA 19-9 staining is also implicated in Mirizzi’s Syndrome or other bile duct and liver diseases.
CA-125 is normally found in epithelial cells of Fallopian tube, endometrium and endocervix, pancreas, colon, gall bladder, stomach, kidney, apocrine sweat gland, mammary gland, and mesothelial cell lining of pleura, pericardium, and the peritoneum. Anti-CA-125 reacts positively with ovarian malignancies, cervical carcinoma, seminal vesicle carcinoma, anaplastic lymphoma, and endometrial and bladder adenocarcinoma.
Cluster of Differentiation 13 (CD13) is a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in both hematological and solid malignancies, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Although hypogranular variants of AML are difficult to distinguish from other AML subtypes due to the morphology, the diagnosis of this variant is possible through using a panel of CD13, CD16, CD33, CD34, and CD117. Alternatively, a panel of CD13, CD34, CD43, CD68, CD117, CD163, lysozyme, and MPO is very useful for accurately diagnosing myeloid sarcoma and distinguishing it from large cell lymphoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, malignant melanoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, extra-medullary hematopoiesis, and inflammation. Since CD13 is expressed in both normal and neoplastic liver tissues, CD13 staining is useful for distinguishing between hepatocellular carcinoma and non-hepatocellular neoplasms.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC013
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Liver
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Caldesmon is a marker for smooth muscle differentiation. Found in smooth muscle and other tissues, caldesmon interacts with Ca<sup>2+</sup>-calmodulin, actin, tropomyosin, myosin, and phospholipids. It inhibits the ATPase activity of myosin in smooth muscle, and mediates Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent inhibition of smooth muscle and non-muscle contraction. Caldesmon expression is found in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST), and can be used to differentiate epithelioid mesothelioma from serous papillary carcinoma of the ovary. It is also a specific marker for smooth muscle cells (SMC) and associated neoplasms; therefore, Anti-Caldesmon can be used in the study of the SMC differentiation process as well as the differentiation of other tumours with SMC-like differentiation, including leiomyosarcoma and myofibroblastic tumours.
Nanog is a homeoprotein that functions with pluripotent factors, such as Oct-4 and SOX2, to maintain embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Expression of this protein has been noted in seminoma, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, and other undifferentiated germ cell tumours, while Nanog expression is absent in normal adult organ tissues. Anti-Nanog may be useful in distinguishing between undifferentiated germ cell tumours and non-germ cell tumours.
Cluster of Differentiation 163 (CD163) is a receptor found exclusively on the surface of monocytes and macrophages. The solubilized form in plasma is upregulated in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and Gaucher’s disease, which supports recent studies that have found IL-10, glucocorticoids, and other inflammatory modulators to upregulate CD163 expression. CD163 staining is useful for differentiating synovial intimal fibroblasts from synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Overexpression of CD163 is also present in patients with myelomonocytic leukemia dealing with microbial infections. CD163 expression is found in leukemias with monocytic differentiation and synovial-type giant cell tumours of the vertebral column.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC163
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Inflamed Tissue
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
This gene, CMTM6, belongs to the chemokine-like factor superfamily, a novel family that is similar to the chemokine and transmembrane 4 superfamilies. CMTM6 stabilizes plasma membrane expression of PD-L1 and protects PD-L1 from lysosomal degradation by preventing STUB1-mediated PD-L1 ubiquitination. Based on the studies of CMTM6 immune system regulation, it is being investigated as an immunotherapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Cluster of Differentiation 34 (CD34) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, vascular endothelium, embryonic fibroblasts, and rare glial cells in nervous tissue. CD34 is the most used marker for characterizing blasts in leukemia. CD34 is also present in some soft tissue tumours including solitary fibrous tumours and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Proliferating endothelial cells seem to upregulate CD34 expression. Although specificity is low, Anti-CD34 reacts positively with more than 85% of angiosarcoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Cluster of Differentiation 63 (CD63) is a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein identified as a platelet activation molecule. CD63 localizes to the membrane and cytoplasm of many cell types including lymphoid, myeloid, and endothelial cells. CD63 is a useful marker for malignant melanoma, and for distinguishing between renal oncocytoma and eosinophilic renal cell carcinoma.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC540
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Melanoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Collagen Type IV is a primary component of the basal lamina that is used as a marker to observe the presence of the lamina and examine its structure. In addition to the epithelial basal lamina, Anti-Collagen Type IV stains mesenchymal components. It is useful for identifying soft tissue cancers, including schwannomas and leiomyomas. Anti-Collagen Type IV frequently reacts with these tissues after becoming well-differentiated and malignant. The use of Anti-Collagen Type IV produces more reliable results than non-specific silver reticulum stains when investigating the vascular elements of neoplasms, hemangiopericytoma, angiosarcoma, and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC549
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Lung, Muscle
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
COX-2, also known as Cyclooxygenase 2, catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2. The inhibition of COX-2 using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents limits angiogenesis and tumour growth, and increases apoptosis. The overexpression of COX-2 is linked to increased microvascular density.
CD317, also known as BST2, tetherin, HM1.2 antigen, DAMP-2, is an integral transmembrane glycoprotein which may play a role in pre-B-cell growth, rheumatoid arthritis, and in antiretroviral defense, that blocks release of retrovirus from the cell surface. It is highly expressed on terminally differentiated normal plasmacytoid dendritic cells and some tumor cells, such as multiple myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma cells.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC317
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Spleen
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a receptor on T helper cells that functions as an immune checkpoint and downregulator of immune responses. Mutations in CTLA-4 are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), celiac disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. The spliced variant of CTLA-4 in SLE is present in the patient's serum. Haploinsufficiency of CTLA-4 causes the immune system disorder known as CTLA-4 deficiency or CHAI disease (CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency with autoimmune infiltration).
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC004
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Tonsil
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a receptor on T helper cells that functions as an immune checkpoint and downregulator of immune responses. Mutations in CTLA-4 are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), celiac disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. The spliced variant of CTLA-4 in SLE is present in the patient's serum. Haploinsufficiency of CTLA-4 causes the immune system disorder known as CTLA-4 deficiency or CHAI disease (CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency with autoimmune infiltration).
Cyclin D1 is an essential cell cycle regulator and proto-oncogene. Cyclin D1 staining is useful for investigating cell cycle biology and related cancers. Anti-Cyclin D1 is used for differentiating mantle cell lymphomas (positive stain) from CLL/SLL and follicular lymphomas (negative stain). Hairy cell leukemia and plasma cell myeloma also react lightly to Anti-Cyclin D1.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC452
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cluster of Differentiation 31 (CD31) is present on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and its expression is used to determine the concentration of HSCs in research studies and for bone marrow transplantation. Anti-CD31 is very specific and sensitive for endothelial cells and does not stain non-vascular tumours, therefore CD31 staining is used to recognize the vascular origins of neoplasms.
Cluster of Differentiation 71 (CD71), also known as Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 (TfR1) or the transferrin receptor, is a cell surface proliferation marker that is involved in the cellular uptake of iron. CD71 is most highly expressed in early erythroid precursors and is fully absent from mature erythrocytes; CD71 is therefore highly useful as a marker for erythroid components within bone marrow biopsy specimens, without interference from mature erythrocytes. CD71 expression has been indicated in invasive breast carcinoma with acquired resistance to tamoxifen, and has been linked to poor prognosis in ER+/luminal-like breast cancer. Anti-CD71 is used in the determination of erythroid leukemia, benign erythroid proliferative disorders, and myelodysplastic syndrome.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC071
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Bone Marrow
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cytokeratin 18 (CK18) is present in simple, glandular, and transitional epithelial cells, but is absent in stratified epithelial cells. CK18 usually multimerizes with Cytokeratin 8, and Anti-Cytokeratin 18 is useful for detecting adenocarcinomas of simple and glandular epithelium origin, as well as poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma cells.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC018
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Breast, Breast Carcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) forms intermediate filaments found in the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton of epithelial tissue and provides mechanical support. Anti-Cytokeratin 19 stains epithelia and epithelial malignancies such as carcinomas of the colon, stomach, pancreas, biliary tract, liver, and breast. Cytokeratin 19 is a useful marker for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. This differentiation is improved when stained in combination with Cytokeratin 7, CAM5.2, Ber-EP4/MOC31, Hep-Par1, and TTF1. Cytokeratin 19 staining can also be used to recognize thyroid papillary carcinomas.
Ki-67 is a nuclear, non-histone protein that is expressed only during active phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and M), but not in the resting phases (G0 and G1 early phase). Although the antigen has also been associated with ribosomal RNA transcription, it is strongly linked to cell proliferation and has thus been indicated as an effective marker in grading the proliferation rate of tumours, including those of the brain, breast, cervix, and prostate.
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) forms intermediate filaments and is normally present in gastric and intestinal epithelium, urothelium, and Merkel cells. Anti-Cytokeratin 20 is used for distinguishing specific types of urinary tract epithelial cells and malignant epithelia. Anti-Cytokeratin 20 stains tissues of the colon, stomach, pancreas, biliary system adenocarcinomas, transitional-cell, mucinous ovarian tumours, and Merkel cell carcinomas. Non-mucinous tumours of the ovary and adenocarcinomas of the breast, lung, endometrium, squamous cell, and small cell type are not stained by Anti-Cytokeratin 20.
Ki-67 is a nuclear, non-histone protein that is expressed only during active phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and M), but not in the resting phases (G0 and G1 early phase). Although the antigen has also been associated with ribosomal RNA transcription, it is strongly linked to cell proliferation and has thus been indicated as an effective marker in grading the proliferation rate of tumours, including those of the brain, breast, cervix, and prostate.
LAG3 (Lymphocyte-activation gene 3) was discovered in 1990 and was previously designated as CD223. LAG3 is a cell surface molecule expressed by activated T cells, natural killer cells, B cells and plasmacytoiddendritic cells. It binds to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and serves as an immune checkpoint receptor. LAG3 negatively regulates cellular proliferation, activation and homeostasisof T cells, and plays a role in Treg suppressive function. LAG3 also helps maintain CD8+ T cells in atolerogenic state and, working with PD-1, helps maintain CD8 exhaustion during chronic viral infection. LAG3 expression was detected in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. IHC revealed LAG3 expression was distributed on lymphocytes scattered in renal cell carcinoma, melanoma and lymphomas. They were also detected in the tumor stroma as well as in the peritumoral tissue. LAG3 is the target of various drug development programs for cancer and autoimmune disorders. In soluble form, it is also being developed as a cancer drug in its own right.
Immunoglobulin classes share the same basic four polypeptide chain structure of two heavy chains (five types) and two light chains - kappa and lambda. The determination of light chain ratio is critical in evaluating B-cell neoplasms, as the majority of B-cell lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, while a mixture of kappa and lambda is characteristic of reactive proliferations. Antibodies against lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
LMO2, also known as LIM-Only Transcription Factor 2, RBTN2, or TTG2, is an oncoprotein that is expressed in normal germinal center B-cells, as well as bone marrow hematopoietic precursors and endothelial cells. LMO2 plays a role in angiogenesis and hematopoesis, and its expression has been detected in erythroid and myeloid precursors, megakaryocytes, and also in lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemias. LMO2 protein expression has been noted in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the most common adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as follicular lymphoma, a neoplasm derived from germinal center B-cells that accounts for a number of cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC615
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Tonsil, Follicular Lymphoma, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a reproductive hormone produced and secreted by the gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland. LH functions to stimulate ovulation in females and the production of testosterone from the Leydig cells in males. This hormone is useful for the study of pituitary disease, and acts as a clinical marker that is useful for classifying tumours of the pituitary.
MART-1, also known as Melan A or Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T-Cells 1, is a protein antigen found specifically on melanocytes of normal skin, retina, and nevi, and not in other normal tissues. Anti-MART-1 is therefore useful as a marker for melanocytic tumours, and as an aid in establishing the diagnosis of metastatic melanomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC408
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Melanoma, Skin
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cluster of Differentiation 23 (CD23) is found on interleukin-4 activated B-cells, activated macrophages, eosinophils, and follicular dendritic cells, and is a receptor for IgE, an antibody involved in parasitic immunity. CD23 is present on Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease. Follicular dendritic cells and activated B-lymphocytes produce strong staining in germinal centers and weak patterns in mantle zone B-cells. CD23 is helpful in differentiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia from mantle cell leukemia. Small B-cell lymphomas are sometimes positive, while precursor B- and T-lymphomas, myeloid neoplasms, and mature T-cell lymphomas stain negatively with Anti-CD23.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC023
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Tonsil, Lymph Node, Cll/Sll
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cytokeratin 5 dimerizes with Cytokeratin 14 to form the cytoskeleton of basal epithelial cells, while Cytokeratin 6 multimerizes with Cytokeratin 16 and/or 17 in the tongue, oral epithelia and esophagus, hair follicles, and glandular epithelia. Anti-Cytokeratin 5 & 6 rarely stains lung adenocarcinoma, but will produce small foci or scattered staining patterns in these Cytokeratin 5 & 6(+) samples. Cytokeratin 5 & 6 staining is useful for identifying squamous cell carcinoma, and can be used to determine the malignancies of myoepithelial cells in the breast and prostate. Cytokeratin 5 & 6 also rarely stains carcinomas of the breast, colon, and prostate. A panel of antibodies against Cytokeratin 5 & 6, TTF-1, napsin A, p63, SOX2, DSC3, and desmoglein-3 is useful for differentiating lung squamous cell carcinoma from lung adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma.
MART-1, also known as Melan A or Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T-Cells 1, is a protein antigen found specifically on melanocytes of normal skin, retina, and nevi, and not in other normal tissues. Anti-MART-1 is therefore useful as a marker for melanocytic tumours, and as an aid in establishing the diagnosis of metastatic melanomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC418
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Melanoma, Skin
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Mouse Double Minute 2 Homolog (MDM2), also known as HDM2 in humans, is crucial in negative regulation of the p53 tumour suppressor. Negative regulation is mediated through both the ubiquitination of p53/TP53, as well as inhibition of p53 transcriptional activation. Reports have indicated an overexpression of MDM2 to be associated with a number of different human tumour types, including soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcomas, and breast tumours. When co-overexpressed with the CDK4 protein, MDM2 can also aid in the detection of well-differentiated liposarcomas and de-differentiated liposarcoma.
Multidrug Resistance 3 (MDR3), also known as ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 4 (ABCB4), is a membrane-associated protein belonging to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters. MDR3 is an energy-dependent phospholipid efflux translocator that mediates the translocation of phosphatidylcholine across the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte, and also acts as a positive regulator of biliary lipid secretion. Defects in MDR3 are associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 and gallbladder disease type 1. Co-overexpression of MDR3 and MRP1 has been documented as correlating with blastemal subtype and high-risk prognosis of Wilms' tumour patients.
Cluster of Differentiation 73 (CD73), also known as Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (ecto-5'-NT), is a cell surface enzyme found in most tissues. CD73 catalyzes the breakdown of AMP to adenosine, thereby modulating inflammatory and T-cell responses. Reports have implicated CD73 expression in tumour progression and carcinogenesis, as CD73 is a key regulatory molecule in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells <em>in vitro</em>, as well as tumour angiogenesis and tumour immune escape <em>in vivo</em>. Due to this key involvement in cancer, CD73 has become an appealing target for cancer immunotherapy. CD73 expression has also been linked to favourable prognosis in breast carcinoma.
MutL Homolog 1 (MLH1) is a protein involved in the mismatch-repair pathway. This protein is commonly associated with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, as the MLH1 gene is frequently mutated in patients with this cancer. Studies have shown MLH1 to be deficient in a high percentage of patients with microsatellite instability, as well as endometrial and ovarian cancers. Use of Anti-MLH1 is optimized when paired in an IHC panel with MSH6, MSH2, and PMS2. Anti-MLH1 is useful in the detection of MLH1 in a number of normal and neoplastic tissues, and for identifying a loss of MLH1 in tumours that are microsatellite-unstable.
MutS Homolog 2 (MSH2) is a protein involved in the mismatch-repair pathway. This protein is commonly associated with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, and mutations in this gene are correlated with the development of sporadic colorectal carcinoma. Expression levels of MSH2 are abnormally low in a high percentage of patients with microsatellite instability, as well as endometrial and ovarian cancers. Use of Anti-MSH2 is optimized when paired in an IHC panel with antibodies against MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2. Reports have shown Anti-MSH2 to be useful in the detection of the protein in a number of normal and neoplastic tissues, and for identifying a loss of MSH2 in tumours that are microsatellite-unstable.
Cluster of Differentiation (CD20), also known as B-Lymphocyte Antigen, is a non-glycosylated protein expressed on the surface of normal and malignant B-cells, which functions in chemokine signaling and microenvironmental interactions of B-cells. Anti-CD20 stains a minority of Reed-Sternberg cells with Hodgkin's disease. Since CD20 does not stain T-cell malignancies, it is a very useful marker for B-cell lymphomas. CD20 is also not reactive on non-hematopoietic neoplasms.
Cluster of Differentiation 99 (CD99) is a glycosylated transmembrane protein expressed by lymphocytes, cortical thymocytes, granulosa cells of the ovary, pancreatic islet cells, Sertoli cells, and endothelial cells. CD99 produces diffuse membrane staining patterns on nearly all Ewing's sarcoma and primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumours. CD99 may be found in synovial sarcoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, small round blue cell tumours, solitary fibrous tumours, vascular tumours, and myeloid sarcoma. It produces heterogeneous staining patterns which must be accompanied by other antibody staining for a final diagnosis.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC099
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Ewings Sarcoma, Pancreas
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
MutS Homolog 2 (MSH2) is a protein involved in the mismatch-repair pathway. This protein is commonly associated with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, and mutations in this gene are correlated with the development of sporadic colorectal carcinoma. Expression levels of MSH2 are abnormally low in a high percentage of patients with microsatellite instability, as well as endometrial and ovarian cancers. Use of Anti-MSH2 is optimized when paired in an IHC panel with antibodies against MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2. Reports have shown Anti-MSH2 to be useful in the detection of the protein in a number of normal and neoplastic tissues, and for identifying a loss of MSH2 in tumours that are microsatellite-unstable.
Cluster of Differentiation 2 (CD2) is a useful early T-cell lineage restricted antigen that is present in T-cell differentiation. As a pan-T-cell marker, CD2 staining is used for recognizing practically all normal T-cells, but may be deleted in some T-cell neoplasms. Since CD2 is present in most precursor and mature T-cell leukemias and lymphomas, it is useful in the evaluation of lymphoid malignancies. By using CD2 and CD25 staining, the recognition of systemic mastocytosis and mastocytic leukemia is supported.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC531
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Tonsil
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
CDX-2 is a caudal-related homeobox transcription factor that is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells. CDX-2 is a useful marker for gastrointestinal carcinoma and for determining the origin of gastrointestinal metastatic adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumours. Anti-CDX-2 is used for differentiating lung and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. However, mucinous ovarian carcinoma also reacts positively with Anti-CDX-2, thereby limiting the ability to differentiate from metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein involved in a number of protective and cell-signaling functions, including cell-cell adhesion, proliferation, motility, invasion, and survival. Overexpression of MUC1 is clinically indicated in breast carcinomas, papillary thyroid carcinomas, and thymic carcinomas, and reports have named MUC1 as a useful marker for differentiating thymic carcinoma from type B3 thymoma. The expression of MUC1 is correlated with the grade of malignancy in thymic epithelial tumours, and loss of MUC1 expression has been associated with reactive gastropathy. MUC1 is not expressed in normal human epidermis, but it has been detected in the epidermis of psoriatic plaques of biopsies from patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC623
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Breast, Colon, Associated Adenocarcinomas
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a secretory-type mucin found in columnar mucous cells of surface gastric epithelium and in goblet cells of the fetal and precancerous colon, but not in normal colon cells. MUC5AC expression is indicated in carcinomas wherein the type is defined as diffuse and infiltrative, and those located mainly in the antrum. Studies have also suggested a correlation between MUC5AC and colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma, with overexpression of MUC5AC relating to the carcinogenesis, malignant potential, progression, and clinical behaviors.
Mucin 6 (MUC6) is a glycoprotein expressed in mucous neck cells, pyloric glands of the antrum, epigastric and bronchial epithelium, and in Müller ducts of the endocervix and urethral epithelium. Anti-MUC6 is useful for differentiating fetal, precancerous, and cancerous colonic mucosa from normal colon, as the antibody does not stain the latter. Anti-MUC6 stains the gastric epithelial surface of normal human gastrointestinal tracts.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC626
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Stomach
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Multiple Myeloma Oncogene-1 (MUM1), also known as Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4), is a transcription factor present in a variety of hematolymphoid neoplasms and in malignant melanoma, but is absent from other human tumours. MUM1 expression has been indicated in both pediatric and adult diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and, when the immunostaining status of CD10 and Bcl6 is also considered, Anti-MUM1 can be used to sub-distinguish germinal center type DLBCL from the non-germinal center type. Anti-MUM1 stains normal melanocytes, melanocytic nevi, and malignant melanoma in non-hematopoietic tissues, and can also stain other B-cell lymphomas such as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, grade 3 follicular lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt-like lymphoma, and classic Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Myogenin belongs to a family of myogenic transcription factors, including MyoD, Myf5, and MRF4, which are critical in muscle development. Myogenin is found strictly in cells of skeletal muscle origin, and is therefore used as a biomarker for tumours of the muscle lineage, including alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas. Anti-Myogenin staining may occur in Wilms' tumour, and it labels the nuclei of myoblasts in developing muscle tissue. It is also expressed in some leiomyosarcomas.
N-cadherin, also known as Cadherin-2 (CDH2) or Neural Cadherin (NCAD), is a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule that was originally detected in nervous tissue. It plays an important role in embryogenesis, being involved in gastrulation and neural crest development. N-cadherin is found in cancer cells and allows for transendothelial migration, which is a critical process in the metastasis of cancer. Overexpression and disorderly arrangement of N-cadherin has been noted in dilated cardiomyopathy. It has been suggested that, when considered in adjunct with the status of a number of additional cell-cell adhesion molecules, missense mutations in N-cadherin may be a potential indicator of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette disorder.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Rat
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC636
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Breast
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
N-cadherin, also known as Cadherin-2 (CDH2) or Neural Cadherin (NCAD), is a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule that was originally detected in nervous tissue. It plays an important role in embryogenesis, being involved in gastrulation and neural crest development. N-cadherin is found in cancer cells and allows for transendothelial migration, which is a critical process in the metastasis of cancer. Overexpression and disorderly arrangement of N-cadherin has been noted in dilated cardiomyopathy. It has been suggested that, when considered in adjunct with the status of a number of additional cell-cell adhesion molecules, missense mutations in N-cadherin may be a potential indicator of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette disorder.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC736
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Breast
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
CDX-2 is a caudal-related homeobox transcription factor that is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells. CDX-2 is a useful marker for gastrointestinal carcinoma and for determining the origin of gastrointestinal metastatic adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumours. Anti-CDX-2 is used for differentiating lung and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. However, mucinous ovarian carcinoma also reacts positively with Anti-CDX-2, thereby limiting the ability to differentiate from metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein that functions as a modulator of neuronal excitability and may play a protective role in the survival of nerve cells during disturbances in calcium homeostasis. It is abundantly expressed in subsets of neurons throughout the brain and spinal cord, particularly retina and sensory ganglia, but it is also found in mesothelium, eccrine sweat glands, Sertoli cells, ovarian stromal cells, and adrenal cortical cells. Due to its high sensitivity against mesothelial cells, calretinin is a useful marker in differentiating mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma to the serous membranes. It is also a diagnostic marker of Hirschsprung's disease and some ovarian and testicular cancers such as Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour, Sertoli cell tumour, Leydig cell tumour, sex cord tumour with annular tubules, and steroid cell tumour.
MutS Homolog 6 (MSH6) is a protein involved in the mismatch repair pathway. This protein is commonly associated with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, and mutations in this gene are correlated with the development of sporadic colorectal carcinoma. Studies have shown that mutations in MSH6, when co-indicated with mutations in MSH1 and MSH2, contribute to the development of sporadic colorectal carcinoma. Use of Anti-MSH2 is optimized when paired with MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 in an IHC panel.
Growth Hormone (GH or hGH) is a peptidic hormone produced by somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland. Anti-Growth Hormone stains somatotrophs in normal pituitary tissues, and is useful in identifying pituitary tumours and understanding pituitary disease or acromegaly. Studies have also found Anti-GH to stain non-pituitary cells, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cutaneous lesions.
OX40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, which regulates T cell activity and immune response. OX40 is mainly activated by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. It is expressed on cells, while OX40 ligands (OX40L, TNFSF4, CD252) are mainly expressed on activated antigen-presenting cells. Research shows that OX40 pathway is related to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Other studies have shown that OX40 agonists can enhance the anti-tumor immunity of several cancer types.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) allows for progression of ovarian folliculogenesis, and enables Sertoli cell proliferation in the testis. Anti-FSH reacts with FSH-producing cells, and therefore FSH staining is useful for classifying pituitary cancers and understanding pituitary disease.
p27, also known as p27<sup>Kip1</sup>, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that binds to and inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases, thereby regulating progression from G1 to S phase. Decreased expression of p27 is linked to poor prognosis in renal-cell carcinoma, colon carcinoma, small breast carcinomas, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple myeloma, lymph node metastases in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, and is associated with a more aggressive phenotype of carcinoma in the cervix.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC027
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Tonsil
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
HMB-45 is specific for an antigen present in immature melanosomes, cutaneous melanocytes, and prenatal and infantile retinal pigment epithelium cells. It is therefore effective for identifying malignant melanoma, and differentiating metastatic amelanotic melanoma from a number of conditions where the discrimination is often extremely difficult, including large cell lymphomas, sarcomas, spindle cell carcinomas, and various types of mesenchymal neoplasms. This antibody can also differentiate between junctional nevus and intradermal nevus cells, and between fetal or neonatal melanocytes and normal adult melanocytes.
The p16 (p16<sup>INK4A</sup>) protein is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that plays an important regulatory role in the cell cycle. By controlling the transition between the G1 and S phases through regulation of retinoblastoma protein, p16 decelerates cellular differentiation and therefore acts as a tumor suppressor, making it the key marker in several human cancers including head and neck cancer, perianal lesions, melanomas, gliomas, lymphomas, and some types of leukemia. p16 is also clinically indicated in carcinomas of the esophagus, pancreas, lung, biliary tract, liver, colon, and urinary bladder.
The p16 (p16<sup>INK4A</sup>) protein is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that plays an important regulatory role in the cell cycle. By controlling the transition between the G1 and S phases through regulation of retinoblastoma protein, p16 decelerates cellular differentiation and therefore acts as a tumor suppressor, making it the key marker in several human cancers including head and neck cancer, perianal lesions, melanomas, gliomas, lymphomas, and some types of leukemia. p16 is also clinically indicated in carcinomas of the esophagus, pancreas, lung, biliary tract, liver, colon, and urinary bladder.
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a soluble, cytoclic enzyme involved in the TCA metablic cycle. The most notable mutation in this enzyme, R132H, is clinically indicated in the majority of astrocytomas and oligodendroglial tumours, with the mutation being associated with more favourable prognosis and increased survival in those patients. IDH1 R132H is also useful in the differential diagnosis between anaplastic glioma and glioblastoma.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a cytoplasmic enzyme encoded by the INDO gene on human chromosome 8p22. IDO1 modulates levels of the amino acid tryptophan, which is vital for cell growth, but is also involved in immune evasion and tumor outgrowth. Blocking the IDO1 pathway may be a potential target for immuno and cancer therapy. IDO1 expressions have been found in endometrial, cervical carcinomas, renal cell carcinomas, non-small cell lung carcinomas, and colorectal carcinomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC701
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Tonsil
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Anti-Kappa recognizes surface immunoglobulin on normal and neoplastic B-cells, and has been indicated as a potential aid in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, where the expression of a single light chain class is restricted. The determination of light chain ratio is critical in evaluating B-cell neoplasms, as the majority of B-cell lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, while a mixture of kappa and lambda is characteristic of reactive proliferations. In paraffin-embedded tissue, Anti-Kappa displays strong staining of kappa-positive plasma cells, as well as cells that have absorbed exogenous immunoglobulins.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC609
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Pancreas
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Anti-Kappa recognizes surface immunoglobulin on normal and neoplastic B-cells, and has been indicated as a potential aid in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, where the expression of a single light chain class is restricted. The determination of light chain ratio is critical in evaluating B-cell neoplasms, as the majority of B-cell lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, while a mixture of kappa and lambda is characteristic of reactive proliferations. In paraffin-embedded tissue, Anti-Kappa displays strong staining of kappa-positive plasma cells, as well as cells that have absorbed exogenous immunoglobulins.
KBA.62, also known as Melanoma Associated Antigen, is used to detect an antigen present in melanocytic tumours, such as melanomas, due to its proven sensitivity and specificity. The antibody can also be used to distinguish between junctional nevus and intradermal nevus cells, and fetal melanocytes versus normal adult melanocytes. Studies have shown KBA.62 to be highly useful in differentiating between metastatic amelanotic melanoma and a number of poorly differentiated carcinomas, large cell lymphomas, sarcomas, and spindle cell carcinomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC062
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Melanoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor 4 (Oct-4), also known as POU5F1 (POU Domain, Class 5, Transcription Factor 1), is a member of the POU homeodomain family of transcription factors and is involved in the maintenance and regulation of pluripotency in embryonic stem and germ cells. Anti-Oct-4 is highly useful and sensitive for seminomas, germinoma, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, and gonadoblastoma. Oct-4 may be associated with tumourigenesis, and can have an effect on some aspects of tumour behavior, including tumour recurrence or resistance to therapies.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC643
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Seminoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Ki-67 is a nuclear, non-histone protein that is expressed only during active phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and M), but not in the resting phases (G0 and G1 early phase). Although the antigen has also been associated with ribosomal RNA transcription, it is strongly linked to cell proliferation and has thus been indicated as an effective marker in grading the proliferation rate of tumours, including those of the brain, breast, cervix, and prostate.
Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) is a member of a highly conserved group of enzymes that plays important roles in synthesis and transcription of DNA as well as chromosomal segregation during mitosis. The overexpression of TOP2A has been correlated with increased risk of progression in various cancers, and it has been a target for the development of anti-polymerase inhibitors to treat cancer.
Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (NGFR), also known as p75, P-75NTR, or CD271, is a neurotrophin receptor belonging to the tumour necrosis factor receptor family. It is expressed mainly in Schwann cells and neurons, as well as a number of other non-neuronal cell types, and is also expressed in melanocytes, melanomas, neuroblastomas, pheochromocytomas, neurofibromas, neurotized nevi (type C melanocytes), and other neural crest cell or tumour derivatives. It has been suggested that NGFR may act as a tumour suppressor indicated in prostate and urothelial cancer, and Anti-NGFR is often used in adjunct with S100, to aid in the diagnosis of desmoplastic and neurotrophic malignant melanomas. Anti-NGFR is also useful as an aid in the diagnosis of breast malignancy, as the antibody labels the myoepithelial cells of breast ducts and intralobular fibroblasts of breast ducts.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC637
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Breast
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), also known as Enolase 2 (ENO2), is one of three enolase enzymes found in mammals, and acts as a phosphopyruvate hydratase. This mammalian glycolytic isoenzyme is located specifically in neurons of neuroendocrine cells, as well as tumours associated with those neurons. However, it has also been detected immunohistochemically in non-neoplastic cells of the pituitary, peptide-secreting tissues, pinealocytes, neuroendocrine cells of the lung, thyroid, parafollicular cells, adrenal medulla, islets of Langerhans, Merkel cells of the skin, and melanocytes. NSE is a useful marker for identifying normal striated muscle, hepatocytes, and peripheral nerves. Anti-NSE may detect for neuroendocrine differentiation, only when used in a panel of antibodies including more specific markers such as synaptophysin, chromogranin, and neurofilament.
Neurofilaments are a group of intermediate filaments found abundantly around the axons of vertebrate neurons. They are also expressed in paragangliomas, adrenal pheochromocytomas, Merkel cell tumours, carcinoid tumours, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung. Anti-Neurofilament stains a variety of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumours, such as neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC639
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Brain
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase present in gliocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and other cell types. EGFR is overexpressed in various cancers including those of the colon, pancreas, oropharynx, stomach, and non–small cell lung, as well as head and neck squamous carcinoma and anal squamous carcinoma. EGFR expression is common in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative and basal-like breast carcinomas, and recent research has also found EGFR expressed in malignant bone and soft tissue cancers. Anti-EGFR is useful for detecting epithelioid and synovial sarcoma.
Synaptophysin is a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein used in synaptic transmission of neurons. Anti-Synaptophysin stains the gastrointestinal mucosa and lung neuroendocrine cells of the human adrenal medulla, carotid body, pancreas, pituitary, skin, and thyroid. Synaptophysin also stains neuroendocrine neoplasms. Use of Anti-Synaptophysin produces diffuse, finely granular, cytoplasmic staining. The presence of synaptophysin does not correlate with neuron-specific enolase or other neuroendocrine markers.
Cytokeratin 8 & 18 are present in various epithelia including that of the breast, thyroid, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. Anti-Cytokeratin 8 & 18 stains adenocarcinomas and most non-keratinizing squamous carcinomas, but does not stain keratinizing squamous carcinomas. Since Cytokeratin 18 is scarce in normal epidermis, Anti-Cytokeratin 8 & 18 is used to detect Paget cells in such samples. Cytokeratin 8 & 18 helps identify colorectal carcinoma metastases as it is more sensitive than genetic tests.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Rabbit/Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC559
Antibody Isotype:
Rabbit IgG/Mouse IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Breast Ductal Carcinoma, Colon Cancer
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Survivin is an apoptosis inhibitor that is nearly undetectable in terminally differentiated cells, but found in most tumours including renal cell carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. Survivin expression is linked to tumour progression, but not patient survival.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC668
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Lymphoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) is a type II keratin which is present in transitional, ductal, glandular, and biliary duct epithelial cells. Cytokeratin 7 is a useful marker for distinguishing between carcinomas of the lung, breast, endometrium, and urothelia (positive stain) from carcinomas of the colon and prostate (negative stain). Cytokeratin 7 is present is nearly all primary lung adenocarcinomas, and is a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms. Anti-Cytokeratin 7 does not stain intermediate filament.
Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) is a mucin glycoprotein expressed on apical epithelial cells. Anti-EMA positively stains normal and neoplastic cells including sweat glands, mammary epithelia, and squamous epithelia. Adrenal carcinoma, seminomas, paraganglioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and embryonal carcinomas exhibit a negative stain. As Anti-EMA commonly reacts positively with meningioma, it is useful for differentiating this tumour from other intracranial neoplasms such as schwannomas.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC566
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Breast, Skin
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Stathmin regulates microtubule dynamics in the cell cycle. It is present in all tissues, but is mostly pronounced in constantly proliferating cell types. Anti-Stathmin staining has been found to correlate with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade, with CIN 3 presenting the greatest expression and CIN 1 displaying the least expression of stathmin.
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates cell-cell adhesion in epithelia. It is normally present on most baso-lateral surfaces of normal epithelial cells and is absent in myoepithelial cells, hepatocytes, adult squamous epithelia, mesothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Anti-EpCAM stains most adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumours, including small cell carcinomas. A minority of renal clear cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma stain positively for EpCAM, while Anti-EpCAM stains nearly all basal cell carcinoma. Anti-EpCAM stains chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma more frequently. Anti-EpCAM can be useful for distinguishing malignancy in the peritoneal and pleural cavities.
SPNS2 is a sphingolipid transporter expressed in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL). SPNS2 is required of migration of myocardial precursors, since it contributes in sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) secretion, which is a mediator that plays critical roles in cardiovascular, immunological, and neural development and function.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC694
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Intestine
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Desmin is a type III intermediate filament present in normal smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Analysis by light microscopy suggests desmin localizes towards the periphery of Z-lines in striated muscle fibrils. Desmin connects cytoplasmic dense bodies to membranous dense plaques in smooth muscles. Anti-Desmin stains rhabdomyomas, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyomas, and perivascular cells from skin glomus tumours, and is used to identify the myogenic characteristics of tumours. Desmin can also be found in myofibroblasts and desmoid fibromatosis.
SOX-2, also known as SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 2, is a transcription factor that acts to regulate pluripotency of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, and to regulate gene expression in the stomach. This diagnostic grade SOX-2 IVD antibody is used to detect melanoma, testicular germ cell tumour, cervical carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer with basal cell phenotype, and teratoma of the central nervous system. SOX-2 has been reported as a predictor of poor outcome in stage I lung adenocarcinomas. Anti-SOX-2 is also used to recognize squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and gastrointestinal tract, and may be useful for detecting embryonal carcinoma.
Excision Repair Cross Complementing 1 (ERCC1) is a DNA repair enzyme involved in the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. ERCC1 overexpression is associated with tumour progression in many malignancies, such as ovarian cancer, head squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and esophageal cancer.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC568
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Prostate, Prostate Carcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 11 (SOX11), also known as Transcription Factor SOX11, is a nuclear transcription factor that acts in regulation of embryonic development, cell differentiation, and the development of the human central nervous system. SOX11 is expressed in medulloblastoma and glioma, and has been indicated as a marker for both Cyclin D1-positive and -negative mantle cell lymphomas, Burkitt's lymphoma, and lymphoblastic lymphoma.
Thyroglobulin is a precursor to the thyroid hormones T4 and T3, and is present in the thyroid follicular cells. Nearly all thyroid follicular carcinomas stain for thyroglobulin and sometimes produce a focal staining pattern. Conversely, poorly differentiated carcinomas and non-thyroid adenocarcinomas do not stain for thyroglobulin, therefore Anti-Thyroglobulin is a useful diagnostic tool for recognizing papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas. A panel of Anti-Thyroglobulin and Anti-Calcitonin is useful for identifying medullary thyroid carcinomas, whereas a panel of Anti-Thyroglobulin and Anti-TTF1 is useful for distinguishing between primary thyroid and lung neoplasms.
SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 10 (SOX-10), also known as Transcription Factor SOX-10, is a nuclear transcription factor that acts in regulation of embryonic development and in the specification and differentiation of cells of melanocytic lineage. SOX-10 is diffusely expressed in neurofibromas and schwannomas, and mutations in the SOX-10 gene are linked to Waardenburg-Shah and Waardenburg-Hirschsprung's disease. Anti-SOX-10 has been shown to be sensitive for conventional, spindled, and desmoplastic melanoma, and has been used to detect metastatic melanoma and nodal capsular nevus in sentinel lymph nodes.
Erythroblastosis Virus E26 Transforming Sequence Related Gene (ERG) facilitates endothelial homeostasis. ERG is found in malignant and benign vascular endothelial tumours, including hemangiomas and Kaposi's sarcoma. ERG is present in various prostate carcinomas, but is absent in breast, colon, and urothelium carcinomas. Anti-ERG is useful for differentiating prostate carcinoma from non-prostatic epithelial tumours, and for recognizing vascular endothelial neoplasms.
Sal-Like Protein 4 (SALL4) is a zinc finger transcription factor found in germ cells and human blood progenitor cells, with functional involvement in modulating Oct-4 to maintain embryonic stem cell pluripotency. SALL4 is a useful marker for acute myeloid leukemia, B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, intratubular germ cell neoplasia, seminomas/dysgerminomas, and yolk sac tumours (both pediatric and postpubertal). Anti-SALL4 is used to detect embryonal carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gliomas, ovarian primitive germ-cell tumours, choriocarcinomas, spermatogonia, teratoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Expression of SALL4 is often associated with poor prognosis in HCC, and with metastasis in endometrial cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Estrogen Receptors (ER) are a group of nuclear hormone receptors activated by the hormone estrogen. ER is found in normal epithelial cells of the breast and endometrium, as well as in breast cancer cells.
S-100 is a low-molecular weight protein found in Schwann cells, melanocytes, glial cells, histiocytes, lipocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscle, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoepithelial cells, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, and keratinocytes. S-100 is a useful marker for Schwann cell-derived tumours and a number of well-differentiated tumours of the salivary gland, adipose and cartilaginous tissue. Anti-S-100 is used to detect melanomas, histiocytosis X, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours, and clear cell sarcomas.
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is a methylase of histone H3 that silences gene expression in those regions. EZH2 is overexpressed or mutated in gastric, prostate, uterine, breast, and renal cell cancers, as well as in melanoma and most B- and T-cell lymphomas. Although EZH2 is usually present in follicular centers, it is not expressed in the mantle zones, plasma cells, follicular or interfollicular T-lymphocytes, natural killer T-lymphocytes, plasmacytoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, or MALT lymphoma. EZH2 is rarely present in normal breast duct epithelium and in normal and hyperplastic lymph node. Anti-EZH2 is also useful for detecting lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancers. EZH2 is associated with tumour proliferation and can be used in staining panels to distinguish aggressive lymphomas from less aggressive lymphomas or normal cells.
Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that contributes to cell adhesion, migration, and metastasis. Renal cancer cells exhibit higher expression of fibronectin, therefore Anti-Fibronectin is useful for assessing the progression and aggressiveness of renal cancer cells.
Prostatic Specific Acid Phosphatase (PSAP) is a prostatic enzyme found in the glandular epithelium of the prostate. PSAP levels are elevated in hyperplastic prostate and prostate carcinoma, with the highest levels being detected in metastasized prostate cancer. Moderate overexpression of PSAP is also characteristic of diseases of the bone (such as Paget's disease or hyperparathyroidism), diseases of blood cells (such as sickle-cell disease), multiple myeloma, or lysosomal storage diseases (such as Gaucher's disease). PSAP is considered more sensitive, yet less specific, than PSA, however Anti-PSAP can act as a useful complement to Anti-PSA under suitable clinical contexts.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC655
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Prostate, Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Desmoglein-3 Antibody (DSG3) is a component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. It identifies pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas from other types of lung cancer with a highly specificity and sensitivity. Studies show the upregulation of DSG3 correlated with metastasis in a number of cancers including lung cancers. The expression of DSG3 indicates a poor prognosis and portends a more aggressive clinical outcome.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC083
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
RUO
Positive Control:
Skin Cancer
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a serine protease of the kallikrein family that is produced by the prostate epithelium and epithelial lining of the periurethral glands. Although considered prostate-specific, PSA has also been detected in breast tissue, breast tumours, endometrium, adrenal neoplasms, and renal cell carcinomas. Anti-PSA can be used for differentiating high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma from high-grade urothelial carcinoma, as well as for determining the prostatic origin of carcinomas in non-prostate tissues. Anti-PSA recognizes primary and metastatic prostatic neoplasms, but not tumours of nonprostatic origin, and can be useful as an aid to confirm prostatic acinar cell origin in primary and metastatic carcinomas.
FOXP3 is a forkhead transcription factor family member which plays a key role in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function and represents a specific marker for these cells. Specifically in IHC, FOXP3 is a marker for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). In normal lymphoid tissues, a T-cell subset in interfollicular areas shows nuclear staining. There are many characteristics of FOXP3s role in cancer, which involves tumour progression through the suppression of T-cell activity and oncogene suppression through suppressing the expression of HER2, Skp2, SATB1 and MYC oncogenes.
Progesterone Receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3, Group C, Member 3), is an intracellular steroid receptor which mediates the physiological effects of progesterone, a female sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. Progesterone receptor expression has been linked to the prediction of prognosis in breast cancer, as well as associated responses to endocrine therapy. The progesterone receptor has also been linked to risk for ovarian cancer.
Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF-1) is present in diencephalon, lung, and thyroid. Anti-TTF-1 stains thyroid and thyroid-derived tumours, and is therefore used for distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma from germ cell tumours, malignant mesothelioma, and metastatic carcinomas from organs other than the thyroid. It is also useful for distinguishing small cell lung carcinoma from lymphoid infiltrates, and pulmonary from non-pulmonary adenocarcinomas in malignant effusions. The ability to distinguish between pulmonary and non-pulmonary adenocarcinomas is particularly useful in identifying tumours that have metastasized to the brain.
Progesterone Receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3, Group C, Member 3), is an intracellular steroid receptor which mediates the physiological effects of progesterone, a female sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. Progesterone receptor expression has been linked to the prediction of prognosis in breast cancer, as well as associated responses to endocrine therapy. The progesterone receptor has also been linked to risk for ovarian cancer.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) promotes vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and mainly affects the vascular endothelium. VEGF is associated with poor prognoses of breast carcinomas, and has been shown to be elevated in rheumatoid arthritis.
Villin is a tissue-specific actin-binding glycoprotein that is associated with the maintenance of the microvilli brush border found in the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium. Villin is expressed in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, renal cell carcinomas, pacreatic carcinomas, endometrial carcinomas, as well as carcinomas of the ovary and lungs. Anti-Villin antibodies can be useful for identifying and differentiating adenocarcinomas of these organs from other organs in the body. Additionally, it may be helpful in separating carcinoid tumors from other endocrine tumors.
Vimentin is a component of intermediate filament in mesenchymal cells, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and melanocytes. Anti-Vimentin is useful for assessing whether tissue samples have been processed and preserved properly. A panel of Anti-Vimentin and Anti-Keratin is useful for differentiating melanomas from large cell lymphomas and undifferentiated carcinomas. This diagnostic grade Vimentin IVD antibody stains melanomas and schwannomas, as well as endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinomas.
Podoplanin is a transmembrane mucoprotein specifically expressed in the endothelium of lymphatic capillaries, while remaining absent from the blood vasculature. The protein is co-localized with VEGFR3/FLT4 in normal skin and kidney. Anti-Podoplanin is useful in the identification of lymphangiomas, Kaposi's sarcomas, epithelioid mesotheliomas, hemangioblastomas, seminomas, and some angiosarcomas that likely have lymphatic differentiation.
Tumour-Associated Glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many cancer pathologies. Anti-TAG-72 can be useful for detecting some adenocarcinomas and non-neoplastic tissues. This diagnostic grade TAG-72 IVD antibody is useful for identifying adenocarcinomas in positive staining, but in mesotheliomas no staining is observed.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Predilute
Storage Temp:
-20 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC072
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
1:200
Regulatory Status:
CE-IVD
Positive Control:
Lung Adenocarcinoma
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
Postmeiotic Segregation Increased 2 (PMS2) is a DNA repair protein involved in mismatch repair. Mutations and deficiencies in the PMS2 gene have been linked to microsatellite instability and malignancies such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. Expression levels of the PMS2 protein may be useful as a screening tool for Lynch syndrome after a colorectal cancer diagnosis. Anti-PMS2 is recommended to be used as part of a panel along with antibodies against MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1.
Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) is a transcription factor that binds to the MUE3-type E-box sequences involved in TGF-β signaling. Anti-TFE3 staining is the most sensitive and specific indicator of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas. Since alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is characterized by a specific chromosomal rearrangement resulting in a chimeric transcription factor (ASPSCR1-TFE3), this TFE3 IVD antibody is also a useful diagnostic tool for recognizing ASPS.
Postmeiotic Segregation Increased 2 (PMS2) is a DNA repair protein involved in mismatch repair. Mutations and deficiencies in the PMS2 gene have been linked to microsatellite instability and malignancies such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. Expression levels of the PMS2 protein may be useful as a screening tool for Lynch syndrome after a colorectal cancer diagnosis. Anti-PMS2 is recommended to be used as part of a panel along with antibodies against MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1.
