The psbA gene has been cloned from many species of plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. The psbA gene is located in the chloroplast genome and encodes for the D1 protein, a core component of Photosystem II. PsbA/D1 is rapidly cycled under illumination in all oxygenic photobionts. Tracking PsbA pools using the Global PsbA antibody can show the functional content of Photosystem II in a wide range of samples.This is a recombinant protein standard, source: Synechocystis PCC 6803.
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized in glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Concentration: after adding 95 l of sterile milliQ water final concentration of the standard is 0.25 pmoles/ lProtein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50mM DTT.This standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating. It needs to be fully thawed and thoroughly mixed prior to using. Avoid vigorous vortexing, as buffers contain detergent. Following mixing, briefly pulse in a microcentrifuge to collect material from cap.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel. Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Application Details:
Standard curve: 3 loads are recommended (0.5, 2 and 4μl).For most applications a sample load of 0.2 μg of chlorophyll will give a PsbA signal in this range.Positive control: a 2 μl load per well is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems.Non-disulphie dependent dimers and complexes can be also detected using standard western blot methods with more sensitive detection reagents as ECL Advance or West Pico when loading per well more standard than recommended. They have not been included in the standard calibration.This standard is stabilized and ready and does not require heating before loading on the gel. Please note that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently Take extra care to mix thoroughly before each use, as the proteins tend to settle with the more dense layer after freezing.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 95 l of sterile water, Please notice that this product contains 10% glycerol and might appear as liquid but is provided lyophilized
Molecular Weight:
The standard has an actual MW of 41,5 kDa, The presence of a His6 tag causes it to run ~1,7 kDa higher on the gel than the native protein, Note that in most systems, PsbA migrates with an apparent MW of between 30 and 35 kDa,
Selected references:
Pipitone et al. (2021). A multifaceted analysis reveals two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. Elife. 2021 Feb 25;10:e62709. doi: 10.7554/eLife.62709. PMID: 33629953; PMCID: PMC7906606.Fern ndez-Gonz lez et al. (2020). Effects of Temperature and Nutrient Supply on Resource Allocation, Photosynthetic Strategy, and Metabolic Rates of Synechococcus Sp . J Phycol . 2020 Mar 4. doi: 10.1111/jpy.12983. Levitan et al. (2019). Structural and functional analyses of photosystem II in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 27;116(35):17316-17322. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906726116.Ryan-Keogh et al. (2018). Seasonal regulation of the coupling between photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation in the Southern Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography.Yuan et al. (2018). Combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on physiological response of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to light challenges. Mar Environ Res. 2018 Apr;135:63-69. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.016.
Special application note:
The PsbA protein standard can be used in combination with global anti-PsbA antibodies to quantitate PsbA from a wide range of species. Global antibodies are raised against highly conserved amino acid sequences in the PsbA protein.Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorialThe goals when doing quantitative work:The sample PsbA must fall somewhere between the upper and lower standard loads. There should be at least 3 points on the standard curve.if possible, try to make the entire range of the curve around one order of magnitude or less (as in the application example).if possible, load <5 g total sample protein.1pmol of PsbA standard is a strong load for chemiluminescence, but may be appropriate for the less sensitive reagents, for example alkaline phosphatase.
The PsbA (D1) protein of Photosystem II is rapidly cycled under illumination in all oxygenic photobionts. Disruption of PsbA cycling or losses of PsbA pools are central to photoinhibition of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae and plants under a wide range of conditions including excess light, low temperature and UV exposure. Tracking PsbA pools using the Global PsbA antibody can show the functional content of Photosystem II in a wide range of samples.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Algae (brown and red), Conifers, Cryptomonads, Legumes, Stramenopiles, Euglenoids, Prochlorophytes, XantophytesSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from available plant, algal and cyanobacterial PsbA sequences, including Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: A4QJR4, TAIR: AtCg00020 , Oryza sativa P0C434, Populus alba Q14FH6, Physcomitrella patens Q6YXN7, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P07753, Synechocystis sp. P14660 and many others
The antibody is appropriate for detecting both, 24 kDa or the 10 kDa C-terminal fragments, whichever is generated under given treatment conditions.In our analysis we have seen both, ca. 24 kDa and ca. 10 kDa fragments from different samples, depending on treatments and isolation procedures.This antibody will also detect the phosphorylated form of D1as an alternate band to the main band on a high resolution gel.
Application Details:
1 :4000-1 : 8000, 5 g of total protein, (WB)
Purity:
Purified, total IgY (chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin) in PBS pH 8. Contains 0.02 % sodium azide.
Molecular Weight:
38 | 28-30 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Vitale et al.(2022) Manipulation of light quality is an effective tool to regulate photosynthetic capacity and fruit antioxidant properties of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'Microtom' in a controlled environment. PeerJ. 2022;10:e13677. Published 2022 Jul 1. doi:10.7717/peerj.13677Toubiana et al. (2020). Correlation-based Network Analysis Combined With Machine Learning Techniques Highlight the Role of the GABA Shunt in Brachypodium Sylvaticum Freezing Tolerance. Sci Rep , 10 (1), 4489Sicora et al. (2019). Regulation of PSII function in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 during a light-dark cycle. Photosynth Res. 2019 Mar;139(1-3):461-473. doi: 10.1007/s11120-018-0598-5,Sevilla et al. (2019). Regulation by FurC in Anabaena links the oxidative stress response to photosynthetic metabolism. Plant Cell Physiol. 2019 May 21. pii: pcz094. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcz094.Figlioli et al. (2019). Overall plant responses to Cd and Pb metal stress in maize: Growth pattern, ultrastructure, and photosynthetic activity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan;26(2):1781-1790. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3743-y.
Special application note:
A number of degradation products may be observed when using anti-PsbA antibodies, including products having apparent molecular weights of 24kDa and 16kDa. D1 degradation is a complex set of events and the products observed can be influenced by both the extraction procedure and the physiology of the cells prior to harvest. Third, cross-linking may occur between D1 and cytochrome b559, shifting the protein higher in the gel. In cyanobacteria (PCC7942), three different bands were competed out by preincubating the antibody with the PsbA free peptide, indicating that all bands are indeed PsbA and its precursors or breakdown products. Competition assays were also performed with spinach and Chlamydomonas, confirming the identity of PsbA bands. Anti-PsbA antibodies will not detect D2 protein, as the peptide used to generate PsbA antibodies has no homology to the D2 sequence.Example of a simulataneous western blot detection with RbcL, PsbA and PsaC antibodies.
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Hordeum vulgare, Picea abies, Picea glauca, Pinus strobus, Spinacia oleracea, Drosera capensis. These antibodies have been shown to be reactive in all dicots, monocots, and gymnosperms
Immunogen:
BSA or KLH-conjugated synthetic peptides derived from conserved regions of plant Lhca1-4 and Lhcb1-6 protein sequences.
For detection of algal LHC proteins, we recommend: Set of 4 Chlamydomonas anti-Lhc antibodies
Application Details:
This set contains the following antibodies:Product number:Product name: AS01 005AS01 006AS01 007AS01 008AS01 004AS01 003AS01 002AS04 045AS01 009AS01 010Anti-Lhca1Anti-Lhca2Anti-Lhca3Anti-Lhca4Anti-LhcbAnti-Lhcb2Anti-Lhcb3Anti-Lhcb4Anti-Lhcb5Anti-Lhcb6Product AS01 009 and AS01 010 can be sold containing ProClin if requested.
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.: AS01 005, AS01 006, AS01 007, AS01 008, AS01 002, AS04 045 affinity purified serum: AS01 004, AS01 003. Serum: AS01 009, AS01 010.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add sterile water according to label on each tube
Molecular Weight:
20 - 29 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Merry et al. (2017). A comparison of pine and spruce in recovery from winter stress; changes in recovery kinetics, and the abundance and phosphorylation status of photosynthetic proteins during winter. Tree Physiol. 2017 Sep 1;37(9):1239-1250. doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpx065.Li et al. (2017). NYEs/SGRs-mediated chlorophyll degradation is critical for detoxification during seed maturation in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 2017 Nov;92(4):650-661. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13710. Epub 2017 Oct 20.Yoshida et al. (2016). Hisabori T1.Two distinct redox cascades cooperatively regulate chloroplast functions and sustain plant viability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jul 5;113(27):E3967-76. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1604101113. Epub 2016 Jun 22.Pavlovič et al. (2016). A carnivorous sundew plant prefers protein over chitin as a source of nitrogen from its traps. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2016 Mar 5;104:11-16. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.008Xu et al. (2011). Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins are required for stomatal response to abscisic acid in Arabidopsis. J. Ex. Bot. Dec 5 (ahead of print).Kang et al. (2010). Evaluation of light-harvesting complex proteins as senescence-related protein markers in detached rice leaves. Photosynthetica 47, 4:638-640.
The outer light-harvesting antenna of the photosystems (PSI and PSII) of the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is composed of pigment-binding proteins belonging to the Lhc family highly conserved in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Some of the Lhc-subtypes of Chlamydomonas share sufficient high similarity with the respective functional homologs in plants to allow specific detection with antisera generated against conserved peptide domains from plant Lhc-proteins.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Lhcb4 - higher plants (use AS04 045 for those organsims), algae, cyanobacteria
Selected references:
Lhcb2 Du et al. (2018). Galactoglycerolipid Lipase PGD1 Is Involved in Thylakoid Membrane Remodeling in Response to Adverse Environmental Conditions in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell. 2018 Feb;30(2):447-465. doi: 10.1105/tpc.17.00446. Lhcb4Jeong et al. (2017). Deletion of the chloroplast LTD protein impedes LHCI import and PSI-LHCI assembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Exp Bot. 2017 Dec 30. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erx457. Lhcb5 and Lhcbm5 Takahashi et al. (2006). Identification of the mobile light-harvesting complex II polypeptides for state transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PNAS 103:477-482
Lhcb6 is one of the 3 highly conserved minor chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins exclusively associated with Photosystem II in plants and algae. Together with Lhcb4 and Lhcb5, it regulates the energy flow from the outer antenna to the reaction center through the action of the xanthophyll cycle.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Dictos, Gymnosperms, Physcomitrium patens, Pisum sativum, Selaginella martensii, Spinacia oleracea, Solanum lycopersicum, , Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from Arabidopsis thaliana Lhcb6, UniProt: Q9LMQ2, TAIR:At1g15820. This sequence is highly conserved in angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms.
Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).This antibody is a re-make of former Lhcb6 antibody from Agrisera and is made to the same peptide.
Application Details:
1 : 1000-1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
27.5 | 24 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
W jtowicz et al. (2020). Compensation Mechanism of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis thaliana ch1 Mutants. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 28;22(1):221. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010221. PMID: 33379339; PMCID: PMC7794896.Chen et al. (2019). Effects of Stripe Rust Infection on the Levels of Redox Balance and Photosynthetic Capacities in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 31;21(1). pii: E268. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010268.Rogowski et al. (2019). Photosynthesis and organization of maize mesophyll and bundle sheath thylakoids of plants grown in various light intensities. Environmental and Experimental Botany Volume 162, June 2019, Pages 72-86.Mao et al. (2018). Comparison on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 2;19(10). pii: E3006. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103006.Du et al. (2018). Galactoglycerolipid Lipase PGD1 Is Involved in Thylakoid Membrane Remodeling in Response to Adverse Environmental Conditions in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell. 2018 Feb;30(2):447-465. doi: 10.1105/tpc.17.00446.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
Lhcb5 is one of the 3 minor highly conserved chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins associated with Photosystem II in plants and algae. As a part of the inner light-harvesting antenna it has been sugested to regulate (together with Lhcb4 and Lhcb6) the energy flow from the outer LHCII antenna to the PSII reaction center.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from Arabidosis thaliana Lhcb5 protein UniProt: Q9XF89, TAIR: AT4G10340 sequence. This sequence is highly conserved in Lhcb5 proteins from monocots, dicots and conifers but only partial conserved in Physcomitrella patens and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
Application Details:
1 : 1000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
30 | 25-26 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Ivanov et al. (2022) The decreased PG content of pgp1 inhibits PSI photochemistry and limits reaction center and light-harvesting polypeptide accumulation in response to cold acclimation. Planta 255, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03819-0Wada et al. (2021) Identification of a Novel Mutation Exacerbated the PSI Photoinhibition in pgr5/pgrl1 Mutants; Caution for Overestimation of the Phenotypes in Arabidopsis pgr5-1 Mutant. Cells. 2021 Oct 26;10(11):2884. doi: 10.3390/cells10112884. PMID: 34831107; PMCID: PMC8616342.Jeran et al. (2021) The PUB4 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Responsible for the Variegated Phenotype Observed upon Alteration of Chloroplast Protein Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Cotyledons. Genes (Basel). 2021 Sep 6;12(9):1387. doi: 10.3390/genes12091387. PMID: 34573369; PMCID: PMC8464772.Wojtowicz et al. (2020). Compensation Mechanism of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis thaliana ch1 Mutants. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 28;22(1):221. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010221. PMID: 33379339; PMCID: PMC7794896.Rogowski et al. (2019). Photosynthesis and organization of maize mesophyll and bundle sheath thylakoids of plants grown in various light intensities. Environmental and Experimental Botany Volume 162, June 2019, Pages 72-86.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
The light-harvesting protein Lhca4 is one of the four main and highly conserved types of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (Lhca1-4) of the light harvesting antenna (LHCI) of plant photosystem I. Lhca4 is imported as a precursor from the cytosol into the chloroplast. Upon insertion into the thylakoid membrane Lhca4 forms a heterodimer (LHCI-730) with Lhca1 that associates with the PSI core close to PsaG and PsaF.A biochemical characterization of the plant LHCI antenna can be found in Klimmek et al. (2005) The structure of the higher plant light harvesting complex I: in vivo characterization and structural interdependence of the Lhca proteins. Biochemistry 44: 3065–3073.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from the Lhca4 protein ofArabidopsis thaliana UniProt: P27521, TAIR: At3g47470. This sequence is highly conserved in Lhca4 proteins of angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms.
Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
Application Details:
1 : 2000-1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
27.7 | 21 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Sarvari et al. (2022). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thylakoid complexes separated by Blue Native PAGE. Plant Methods. 2022 Mar 3;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13007-022-00858-2. PMID: 35241118; PMCID: PMC8895881.Ivanov et al. (2022) The decreased PG content of pgp1 inhibits PSI photochemistry and limits reaction center and light-harvesting polypeptide accumulation in response to cold acclimation. Planta 255, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03819-0Zhu et al. (2020). A NAC transcription factor and its interaction protein hinder abscisic acid biosynthesis by synergistically repressing NCED5 in Citrus reticulata. J Exp Bot. 2020 Jun 22;71(12):3613-3625.doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa118. Forlani et al. (2020. HEBE, a novel positive regulator of senescence in Solanum lycopersicum. Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 3;10(1):11021.doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67937-z. Chen et al. (2019). Effects of Stripe Rust Infection on the Levels of Redox Balance and Photosynthetic Capacities in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 31;21(1). pii: E268. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010268.
The light-harvesting protein Lhca3 is one of the four main and highly conserved types of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (Lhca1-4) of the light harvesting antenna (LHCI) of plant photosystem I. Lhca3 is imported as a precursor from the cytosol into the chloroplast. Upon integration in the thylakoid membrane Lhca3 forms a heterodimer (LHCI-680) with Lhca2 that associates with the PSI core close to PsaF and PsaK.A biochemical characterization of the plant LHCI antenna can be found in Klimmek et al. (2005) The structure of the higher plant light harvesting complex I: in vivo characterization and structural interdependence of the Lhca proteins. Biochemistry 44: 3065–3073.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from the Lhca3 protein sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: Q9SY97, TAIR: At1g61520. This sequence is highly conserved in Lhcb3 proteins from angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms.
Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
Application Details:
1 : 2000-1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
29 | 25 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana (due to a transit peptide being cleaved off)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Sarvari et al. (2022). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thylakoid complexes separated by Blue Native PAGE. Plant Methods. 2022 Mar 3;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13007-022-00858-2. PMID: 35241118; PMCID: PMC8895881.Zhu et al. (2020). A NAC transcription factor and its interaction protein hinder abscisic acid biosynthesis by synergistically repressing NCED5 in Citrus reticulata. J Exp Bot. 2020 Jun 22;71(12):3613-3625.doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa118. Chen et al. (2019). Effects of Stripe Rust Infection on the Levels of Redox Balance and Photosynthetic Capacities in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 31;21(1). pii: E268. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010268.Mao et al. (2018). Comparison on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 2;19(10). pii: E3006. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103006.Li et al. (2018). Modulating plant growth-metabolism coordination for sustainable agriculture. Nature. 2018 Aug 15. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0415-5.
The light-harvesting protein Lhca2 is one of the four main and highly conserved types of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (Lhca1-4) of the light harvesting antenna (LHCI) of plant photosystem I. Lhca2 is imported as a precursor from the cytosol into the chloroplast. Upon integration in the thylakoid membrane Lhca2 forms a heterodimer (LHCI-680) with Lhca3 that associates with the PSI core close to PsaF and PsaK.A biochemical characterization of the plant LHCI antenna can be found in Klimmek et al. (2005) The structure of the higher plant light harvesting complex I: in vivo characterization and structural interdependence of the Lhca proteins. Biochemistry 44: 3065–3073.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arachis hypogaea, Bryopsis corticulans, Colobanthus quitensis Kunt Bartl, Chlamydomonas reinhardti (one Lhca-type), Citrus reticulata, Chromochloris zofingiensis, Cytisus cantabricus (Wilk.) Rchb. F., Hieracium pilosella L, Hordeum vulgare, Lasallia hispanica, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physcomitrium patens, Pinus banksiana (the higher of the two bands detected at 24 and 30 kDa is not considered to be specific to any Lhc protein), Posidonia oceanica, Prasinoderma sp., Pyramimonas sp. Spinacia oleracea, Syntrichia muralis (Hedw.) Raab, Triticum aestivum, Triticale, Zea mays
Expected Species:
Dicots, Gymnosperms
Immunogen:
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from the Lhca2 protein of Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: Q9SYW8, Q8LCQ4, TAIR: At3g61470. This sequence is highly conserved in Lhca2 proteins of angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms as well as in At1g19150. This gene codes for the very low expressed Lhca6 protein which also has been denoted as Lhca2*1.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Sarvari et al. (2022). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thylakoid complexes separated by Blue Native PAGE. Plant Methods. 2022 Mar 3;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13007-022-00858-2. PMID: 35241118; PMCID: PMC8895881.Fukura et al. (2021) Enrichment of chlorophyll catabolic enzymes in grana margins and their cooperation in catabolic reactions. J Plant Physiol. 2021 Nov;266:153535. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153535. Epub 2021 Sep 25. PMID: 34607178.Zhu et al. (2020). A NAC transcription factor and its interaction protein hinder abscisic acid biosynthesis by synergistically repressing NCED5 in Citrus reticulata. J Exp Bot. 2020 Jun 22;71(12):3613-3625.doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa118. Their et al. (2020). VIPP2 interacts with VIPP1 and HSP22E/F at chloroplast membranes and modulates a retrograde signal for HSP22E/F gene expression. Plant Cell Environ. 2020 Jan 29. doi: 10.1111/pce.13732.Vojta and Fulgosi (2019). Topology of TROL protein in thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant. 2019 Jan 20. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12927.
Special application note:
Antibody format is a total IgG fraction, which means that it is a pool of polyclonal antibodies obtained by purification of serum on Protein G, not on a specific antigen column.
The light-harvesting protein Lhca1 is one of the four main and highly conserved types of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (Lhca1-4) of the light harvesting antenna (LHCI) of plant photosystem I. Lhca1 is imported as a precursor from the cytosol into the chloroplast. Upon insertion into the thylakoid membrane Lhca1 forms a heterodimer (LHCI-730) with Lhca4 that associates with the PSI core close to PsaG and PsaF.A biochemical characterization of the plant LHCI antenna can be found in Klimmek et al. (2005) The structure of the higher plant light harvesting complex I: in vivo characterization and structural interdependence of the Lhca proteins. Biochemistry 44: 3065–3073
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from the Lhca1 protein of Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: Q01667, TAIR: At3g54890. This sequence is highly conserved in Lhca1 proteins of angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms.
Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
Application Details:
1 : 2000-1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
25.99 | 22 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Harchouni et al. (2022) Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) accumulation inhibits chloroplast gene expression and promotes super grana formation in the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. New Phytol. 2022;236(1):86-98. doi:10.1111/nph.18320Espinoza-Corral & Lundquist. (2022) The plastoglobule-localized protein AtABC1K6 is a Mn2+-dependent kinase necessary for timely transition to reproductive growth. J Biol Chem. 2022 Apr;298(4):101762. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101762. Epub 2022 Feb 22. PMID: 35202657; PMCID: PMC8956952.Sarvari et al. (2022). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thylakoid complexes separated by Blue Native PAGE. Plant Methods. 2022 Mar 3;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13007-022-00858-2. PMID: 35241118; PMCID: PMC8895881.Xiong et al. (2022) a chloroplast nucleoid protein of bacterial origin linking chloroplast transcriptional and translational machineries, is required for proper chloroplast gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022 Jun 23;50(12):6715-34. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac501. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35736138; PMCID: PMC9262611.Kumari et al. (2021) In-depth assembly of organ and development dissected Picrorhiza kurroa proteome map using mass spectrometry. BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Dec 22;21(1):604. doi: 10.1186/s12870-021-03394-8. PMID: 34937558; PMCID: PMC8693493.
Special application note:
Antibody format is a total IgG fraction, which means that it is a pool of polyclonal antibodies obtained by purification of serum on Protein G, not on a specific antigen column.This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested.
The major light-harvesting antenna complex II (LHCII) in photosynthetic eukaryotes is located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. It is a heterotrimeric complex formed by up to 3 different individual subtypes of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins: Lhcb1, Lhcb2, and Lhcb3. Lhcb1 is the most abundant chlorophyll a/b-binding protein in eukaryotic phototrophs and often is coded by several nuclear genes.A molecular characterisation of the LHCII proteins can be found in Caffarri et al. (2004) A Look within LHCII: Differential Analysis of the Lhcb1−3 Complexes Building the Major Trimeric Antenna Complex of Higher-Plant Photosynthesis. Biochemistry 43 (29): 9467–9476
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Lhcb1 Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested
Application Details:
1 : 2000 (WB)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified serum in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
28 | 25 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
Picea abies
Selected references:
Harchouni et al. (2022) Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) accumulation inhibits chloroplast gene expression and promotes super grana formation in the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. New Phytol. 2022;236(1):86-98. doi:10.1111/nph.18320Gao Y et al. (2022) Chloroplast translational regulation uncovers nonessential photosynthesis genes as key players in plant cold acclimation. Plant Cell. 2022 Apr 26;34(5):2056-2079. doi: 10.1093/plcell/koac056. PMID: 35171295; PMCID: PMC9048916.Ivanov et al. (2022) The decreased PG content of pgp1 inhibits PSI photochemistry and limits reaction center and light-harvesting polypeptide accumulation in response to cold acclimation. Planta 255, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03819-0Medina-Puche et al (2021). Protocol for evaluating protein relocalization from the plasma membrane to chloroplasts. STAR Protoc. 2021 Sep 14;2(4):100816. doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100816. PMID: 34585156; PMCID: PMC8450296.Chen, Liu & Liu (2021) Loss-Function of EGY1 Results in Photosynthesis Damage through Reducing Stability of Photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana. Russ J Plant Physiol (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443721060029
The major light-harvesting antenna complex II (LHCII) in photosynthetic eukaryotes is located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. It is a heterotrimeric complex formed by up to 3 different individual subtypes of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins: Lhcb1, Lhcb2, and Lhcb3. Lhcb2 is often coded by several nuclear genes and is found together with Lhcb1 within the mobile LHCII trimers involved in state1-state2 transition.A molecular characterisation of the LHCII proteins can be found in Caffarri et al. (2004) A Look within LHCII: Differential Analysis of the Lhcb1−3 Complexes Building the Major Trimeric Antenna Complex of Higher-Plant Photosynthesis. Biochemistry 43 (29): 9467–9476.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from a highly conserved sequence of Lhcb2 proteins from angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms, including Arabidopsis thaliana Lhcb2.1 UniProt: Q9SHR7, TAIR: AT2G05100, Lhcb2.2 UniProt: Q9S7J7, TAIR:AT2G05070, Lhcb2.3 UniProt:Q9XF87, TAIR:AT3G27690
Applications:
Immunoprecipitation (IP), ImmunoGold (IG), Western blot (WB)
Immunoprecipitation has been done using Immunoprecipitation kit from Roche, Cat.No. 11 719 386 001.Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
Application Details:
5 l of antibody solution (IP), 1: 100 (IG), 1: 500 - 1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified serum in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
28.6 | 25 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Singh, Muthamilarasan, Prasad (2022). SiHSFA2e regulated expression of SisHSP21.9 maintains chloroplast proteome integrity under high temperature stress. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(11):580. Published 2022 Nov 3. doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04611-10Cazzaniga et al. (2022). Engineering astaxanthin accumulation reduces photoinhibition and increases biomass productivity under high light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod. 2022 Jul 11;15(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s13068-022-02173-3. PMID: 35820961; PMCID: PMC9277849.Bru, Steen, Park, et al. (2022) The major trimeric antenna complexes serve as a site for qH-energy dissipation in plants. J Biol Chem. 2022;298(11):102519. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102521Ivanov et al. (2022) The decreased PG content of pgp1 inhibits PSI photochemistry and limits reaction center and light-harvesting polypeptide accumulation in response to cold acclimation. Planta 255, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03819-0Bychkov et al. (2022) The role of PAP4/FSD3 and PAP9/FSD2 in heat stress responses of chloroplast genes. Plant Sci. 2022 Sep;322:111359. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111359. Epub 2022 Jun 20. PMID: 35738478.
The major light-harvesting antenna complex II (LHCII) in photsynthetic eukaryotes is located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. It is a heterotrimeric complex formed by up to 3 different individual subtypes of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins: Lhcb1, Lhcb2, and Lhcb3. While Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 are quite similar and regularily present in multiple gene-copies, the Lhcb3 protein differs in pigment-composition and molecular size and often is coded by only a single gene. Lhcb3 seems not to be present in the mobile LHCII trimers involved in state 1-state 2 transitions. A molecular characterisation of the LHCII proteins can be found in Caffarri et al. (2004) A Look within LHCII: Differential Analysis of the Lhcb1−3 Complexes Building the Major Trimeric Antenna Complex of Higher-Plant Photosynthesis. Biochemistry 43 (29): 9467–9476.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Cucumis melo, Dicots, Gymnosperms, MossesSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from a highly conserved sequence of Lhcb3 proteins from angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms, including Arabidopsis thaliana Lhcb3 UniProt: Q9S7M0,TAIR:AT5G54270. This sequence is highly conserved even in Ginko biloba and one of the major LHCII-forms of Physcomitrella patens.
Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
Application Details:
1 : 2000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
28.7 | 26 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
von Bismarck et al. (2021) Light acclimation interacts with thylakoid ion transport to govern the dynamics of photosynthesis. Research Square; 2021. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-948381/v1.Wu et al. (2021). Formation of light-harvesting complex (LHC) II aggregates from LHCII-PSI-LHCI complexes in rice plants under high light. J Exp Bot. 2021 May 3:erab188. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab188. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33939808.Wojtowicz et al. (2020). Compensation Mechanism of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis thaliana ch1 Mutants. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 28;22(1):221. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010221. PMID: 33379339; PMCID: PMC7794896.Koh et al. (2019). Heterologous synthesis of chlorophyll b in Nannochloropsis salina enhances growth and lipid production by increasing photosynthetic efficiency. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2019 May 14;12:122. doi: 10.1186/s13068-019-1462-3. eCollection 2019.Furukawa et al. (2019). Formation of a PSI–PSII megacomplex containing LHCSR and PsbS in the moss Physcomitrella patens. J Plant Res https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-019-01138-2.
Special application note:
Antibody format is a total IgG fraction, which means that it is a pool of polyclonal antibodies obtained by purification of serum on Protein G, not on a specific antigen column.
ClpC is a chloroplastic protein of the Hsp100 family. It is believed to function as a housekeeping enzyme, both in its capacity as an independent molecular chaperone and as the regulatory component of the Clp protease.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
1 : 1000 (IHC), 1 : 5000 on 10 g of total protein, (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
92 | 87 kDa
Not reactive in:
Different strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Selected references:
Jiang et al. (2020). Plastid chaperone HSP90C guides precursor proteins to the SEC translocase for thylakoid transport. J Exp Bot. 2020 Aug 27;eraa399.doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa399. Lee et al. (2018). Prolines in Transit Peptides Are Crucial for Efficient Preprotein Translocation into Chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 2018 Jan;176(1):663-677. doi: 10.1104/pp.17.01553. Epub 2017 Nov 20.Hu et al. (2015). Site-specific Nitrosoproteomic Identification of Endogenously S-Nitrosylated Proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2015 Feb 19. pii: pp.00026.2015.Rosano et al. (2011). Insights into the Clp/HSP100 chaperone system from chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. Aug 26;286(34):29671-80. (Western blot, Arabidopsis thaliana)Karradt et al. (2008) NblA, a Key Protein of Phycobilisome Degradation, Interacts with ClpC, a HSP100 Chaperone Partner of a Cyanobacterial Clp Protease. J Biol Chem 283: 32394-32403.
Special application note:
Anti-ClpC antibodies will also recognized Arabidopsis thaliana isoform ClpC1 (At5g50920) and ClpC2 (At3g48870).
Factor VIIa (FVIIa) is a key serine protease involved in the initiation of the coagulation cascade. FVIIa requires tissue factor (TF), a membrane bound protein, as an essential cofactor for maximal activity towards its biological substrates Factor X, Factor IX and Factor VII (FVII).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them, to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Expected Species:
Primates
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Factor VIIa (NovoSeven , Novo Nordisk A/S Denmark)
Applications:
Prothrombin assay with human plasma (PT), thrombin generation assay, inhibition assay with Factor VIIa with TF and a chromogenic substrate, inDirect ELISA (I-ELISA)
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Lopez-Vilchez et al. (2009). Traffic of rFVIIa through Endothelial Cells and Redistribution into Subendothelium: Implications for a Prolonged Hemostatic Effect. Journal of Coagulation Disorders, October 1: (1). (immunolocalization)
Special application note:
No significant difference in binding to Factor VII and Factor VIIa.Antibody is purified to total IgG fraction, followed by purification on specific FVIIa column.
Factor VIIa (FVIIa) is a key serine protease involved in the initiation of the coagulation cascade. FVIIa requires tissue factor (TF), a membrane bound protein, as an essential cofactor for maximal activity towards its biological substrates Factor X, Factor IX and Factor VII (FVII).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them, to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Expected Species:
Primates
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Factor VIIa (NovoSeven , Novo Nordisk A/S Denmark)
Applications:
Prothrombin assay with human plasma (PT), thrombin generation assay, inhibition assay with Factor VIIa with TF and a chromogenic substrate, inDirect ELISA (I-ELISA)
This antibody is purified using Protein G, to obtain a total IgG fraction
Application Details:
1 : 15 000 (I-ELISA), 14 g/ml (IL)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified IgG in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
52 kDa (this is MW of Factor VIIa)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Lopez-Vilchez et al. (2009). Traffic of rFVIIa through Endothelial Cells and Redistribution into Subendothelium: Implications for a Prolonged Hemostatic Effect. Journal of Coagulation Disorders, October 1: (1). (immunolocalization)
Special application note:
No significant difference in binding to Factor VII and Factor VIIa.Antibody is purified to total IgG fraction, followed by purification on specific FVIIa column.
UniProt number:
Q9FI56 , Q9SXJ7
Research area:
Immunology
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