Chlorophylls are one of the most abundant classes of natural pigments and have an essential role in radiant energy absorptions during photosynthesis in bacteria, algae, and higher plants. Chlorophylls occur as noncovalently bound components of pigment-protein complexes, chloroplast-localized light-harvesting antennas LHC and photosynthetic reaction centers of PSI and PSII. Upon illumination the arrest in chlorophyll biosynthesis is ended and the etiolated parts of the plant and enzymatic photoreduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide), catalysed by POR enzyme.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
POR is present in high amounts in chloroplasts not exposed to light (etioplasts),
Application Details:
1: 500 (IL), 1 : 2000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
36-37 kDa (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Lee et al (2021). Chaperone-like protein DAY plays critical roles in photomorphogenesis. Nat Commun. 2021 Jul 7;12(1):4194. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24446-5. PMID: 34234144; PMCID: PMC8263706.Floris & K hlbrandt. (2021). Molecular landscape of etioplast inner membranes in higher plants. Nat Plants. 2021 Apr;7(4):514-523. doi: 10.1038/s41477-021-00896-z. Epub 2021 Apr 19. PMID: 33875833.Dogra et al. (2019). Oxidative post-translational modification of EXECUTER1 is required for singlet oxygen sensing in plastids. Nat Commun. 2019 Jun 27;10(1):2834. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10760-6. Zhang et al. (2018). Nitric oxide regulates chlorophyllide biosynthesis and singlet oxygen generation differently between Arabidopsis and barley. Nitric Oxide. 2018 Mar 3;76:6-15. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.001.Han et al. (2015). A nuclear-encoded chloroplast-targeted S1 RNA-binding domain protein affects chloroplast rRNA processing and is crucial for the normal growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2015 Jul;83(2):277-89. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12889. Epub 2015 Jun 15.
Plant PsbX is a nucelar encoded small 4 kDa protein associated with Photosystem II and found in all classes of oxygenic organisms.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Expected Species:
Dictos, Oryza sativa, Zea mays Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
For an image of antibody detection in a western blot application see Garcia-Cerdan et al. (2008).
Application Details:
1 : 2500, 1 g of chlorophyll/lane (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 200 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
4 kDa
Not reactive in:
Cyanobacteria
Selected references:
Hackett et al. (2017). An Organelle RNA Recognition Motif Protein Is Required for Photosystem II Subunit psbF Transcript Editing. Plant Physiol. 2017 Apr;173(4):2278-2293. doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01623.
Special application note:
PsbX is a small (4 kDa) and very hydrophobic subunit of PSII, Immunoblots from SDS-gels (especially with high loading) may show higher molecular weight signals from PsbX not fully detached from other subunits of PSII, The use of 15% SDS-PAGE gels with 2-4 M urea is recommended when working with this antibody
PsbW is a nuclear-encoded protein located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. It is a core component of Photosystem II. Altrnative name: PSII 6.1 kDa protein
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Hackett et al. (2017). An Organelle RNA Recognition Motif Protein Is Required for Photosystem II Subunit psbF Transcript Editing. Plant Physiol. 2017 Apr;173(4):2278-2293. doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01623.
PsbR protein is found in plant Photosystem II and anticipate to play a role in water oxidation, yet the physiological significance of PsbR has remained obscure.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Yang-Er Chen et al. (2017). Responses of photosystem II and antioxidative systems to high light and high temperature co-stress in wheat. J. of Exp. Botany, Volume 135, March 2017, Pages 45–55.Shen et al. (2016). The existence of C4-bundle-sheath-like photosynthesis in the mid-vein of C3 rice. Rice (N Y). 2016 Dec;9(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12284-016-0094-5. Epub 2016 May 10.Albanese et al. (2016). Isolation of novel PSII-LHCII megacomplexes from pea plants characterized by a combination of proteomics and electron microscopy. Photosynth Res. 2016 Jan 9.Dixit (2015). Sulfur alleviates arsenic toxicity by reducing its accumulation and modulating proteome, amino acids and thiol metabolism in rice leaves. Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 10;5:16205. doi: 10.1038/srep16205.Ido et al. (2014). Cross-Linking Evidence for Multiple Interactions of the PsbP and PsbQ Proteins in a Higher Plant Photosystem II Supercomplex. J Biol Chem. 2014 Jul 18;289(29):20150-7. doi: 0.1074/jbc.M114.574822. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
Special application note:
This product can be sold containing proclin if requested
GPX belongs to the group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reduction of H2O2, organic hydroperoxides, and lipid peroxides in the presence of glutathione, the hydrogen donor. Activity of the enzyme can be increased under environmental stress. Immunogen: Peptide target chosen from C-terminal of two chloroplastic isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana GPX.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Immunogen:
thioredoxin fusion of 58 amino acid region between Ser at position 175 and the C-terminal Ala of Arabidopsis thaliana GPX7 accession At4g31870 has been used for antibody production
This antibody is recognizing Arabidopsis thaliana GPX (two chloroplastic isoforms). Antibody has also a weak cross-reactivity to cytosolic forms, therefore work on isolated chloroplasts is recommended.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Lepist et al. (2013). Deletion of chloroplast NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase results in inability to regulate starch synthesis and causes stunted growth under short-day photoperiods. J Exp Bot. July 23.Juszczak et al. (2012). Natural genetic variation in the expression regulation of the chloroplast antioxidant system among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Physiol. Plant.
Alternative oxidases (AOX) are quinol oxidases located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of plants. They function as terminal oxidases in the alternate electron transport pathway, oxidizing ubiquinone to reduce oxygen to water.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
According to Konert et al. (2015) AOX antibody is recognizing AOX1A and AOX1D.This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested.
Application Details:
1 : 750 (IL), 1 : 1000 for 10-20 g of mitochondrial protein/lane detection (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
36-40 | 36-40 for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
Candidia albicans, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (use an antibody to algal AOX1, AS06 152)
Selected references:
Brito et al. (2022) The role of the electron-transfer flavoprotein: ubiquinone oxidoreductase following carbohydrate starvation in Arabidopsis cell cultures. Plant Cell Rep. 2022 Jan 15. doi: 10.1007/s00299-021-02822-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35031834.Pascual et al (2021). ACONITASE 3 is part of the ANAC017 transcription factor-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction response, Plant Physiology, 2021;, kiab225, https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab225Challabathula et al. (2021) Differential modulation of photosynthesis, ROS and antioxidant enzyme activities in stress-sensitive and -tolerant rice cultivars during salinity and drought upon restriction of COX and AOX pathways of mitochondrial oxidative electron transport, Journal of Plant Physiology,Volume 268,2022,153583, ISSN 0176-1617,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153583. Oh et al. (2021) Alternative oxidase (AOX) 1a and 1d limit proline-induced oxidative stress and aid salinity recovery in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2021 Dec 17:kiab578. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiab578. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34919733.Pavlovic & Kocab. (2021) Alternative oxidase (AOX) in the carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes: what is it good for? Ann Bot. 2021 Dec 18:mcab151. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcab151. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34922341.
Special application note:
Mitochondrion inner membrane marker. Possibly in the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane.Protocol for a plant mitochondria preparation can be found here. In protein samples which are older than few months AOX enzyme can undergo intensive dimerization. Such preparations should not be used to work with this antibody.
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water in the respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. Subunit 2 (COXII) transfers the electrons from cytochrome c via its binuclear copper A center to the bimetallic center of the catalytic subunit 1. Alternative name: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Cucumis melo, Glycine max, Oryza sativa, Physcomitrium patens, Pisum sativum, Triticum aestivum, Vigna radiataSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conugated synthetic peptide fully conserved in all available protein sequences from eudicots including Arabidopsis thaliana AtmG00160, monocots including Oryza sativa P04373 and Physcomitrella patens Q1XGA9
Antibody detects COXII protein most optimally in membrane fractions. The signal is weak in a in total protein extract.Blue Native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) has been performed on samples solubilized with digitonin (4:1) and loaded at 100 g/well. Gel thickness was 2 mm with 4.5-16 % gradient.
Application Details:
1 : 1000 (BN-PAGE), 1 : 1000 (WB)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified serum in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
29.4 | 30 kDa (for Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
Saccharina japonica
Selected references:
Hofmann, Wienkoop & Luthje (2022) Hypoxia-Induced Aquaporins and Regulation of Redox Homeostasis by a Trans-Plasma Membrane Electron Transport System in Maize Roots. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Apr 25;11(5):836. doi: 10.3390/antiox11050836. PMID: 35624700; PMCID: PMC9137787.Kumar et al. (2022). Proteomic dissection of rice cytoskeleton reveals the dominance of microtubule and microfilament proteins, and novel components in the cytoskeleton-bound polysome, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 170,2022,Pages 75-86,ISSN 0981-9428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.037.Pavlovic & Kocab. (2021) Alternative oxidase (AOX) in the carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes: what is it good for? Ann Bot. 2021 Dec 18:mcab151. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcab151. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34922341.Makino et al. (2020). Induction of Terminal Oxidases of Electron Transport Chain in Broccoli Heads Under Controlled Atmosphere Storage. Foods, 9 (4) Wang et al. (2020) Rerouting of ribosomal proteins into splicing in plant organelles. BioRxiv, DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.03.974766 .
Special application note:
Cellular [compartment marker] of mitochondrial inner membrane
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water in the respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. Subunit 2 (COXII) transfers the electrons from cytochrome c via its binuclear copper A center to the bimetallic center of the catalytic subunit 1.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4 C; make aliquots to avoid working with a stock. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Dicots including Cannabis sativa Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conugated synthetic peptide fully conserved in all available protein sequences from eudicots including Arabidopsis thaliana AtmG00160, monocots including Oryza sativa P04373 and Physcomitrella patens Q1XGA9
PsaO - photosystem I subunit O. The mature PsaO is a 10-kDa protein with two transmembrane helices. It has no counterpart in Photosystem I of cyanobacteria but seems to be present in higher plants, in mosses, and in green algae.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Spinacia oleracea
Immunogen:
fusion protein between DHFR and the mature part of PSI-O of Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: Q949Q5TAIR: At1g08380
Jensen et al. (2004) The PSI-O subunit of plant photosystem I is involved in balancing the excitation pressure between the two photosystems. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 24212-24217.
PsaK is a subunit of photosystem I. It has a role in organizing the peripheral light-harvesting complexes on the core antenna of photosystem I. Alternative names: photosystem I subunit X, PSI-K
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Bock (2012). The plastid genome-encodedYcf4 protein functions as a non-essential assembly factor for photosystem I in higher plants. Plant Physiol. ahead of print.
PsaE is a nucleus encoded subunit of the Photosystem I reaction center. It is located on the stroma side and interacts with PsaF. PsaE may be involved in Fd reduction. Alternative name: Photosystem I 10.8 kDa polypeptide
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa
Expected Species:
Catalpa bungei, Nicotiana sylvestris, Zea mays Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
10 kDa PSI-E protein purified from barley thylakoids corresponding to PSI-E protein of Horderum vulgare, UniProt: P13194
Yoshida et al. (2016). Hisabori T1.Two distinct redox cascades cooperatively regulate chloroplast functions and sustain plant viability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jul 5;113(27):E3967-76. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1604101113. Epub 2016 Jun 22.Ye et al. (2012). A Mutation of OSOTP 51 Leads to Impairment of Photosystem I Complex Assembly and Serious Photo-damage in Rice. J Integr Plant Biol. Feb 2012.Yadavalli et al. (2012). Differential degradation of photosystem I subunits under iron deficiency in rice. J Plant Physiol. March 22.
Lhcb4 (CP29) is one of the 3 minor chlrorophyll a/b-binding proteins associated with Photosystem II in plants and algae. Lhcb4 has been suggested to act in the regulation of the chl a excited state concentration of PSII because of its ability of sensing lumenal pH resulting in reversible phosphorylation. In Arabidopsis thaliana 2 genes code for two isoforms Lhcb4.1 and Lhcb4.2. A third isoform (Lhcb4.3, At2g40100), probably only present in dicots, has found to be differently regulated and therefore has been denoted as Lhcb8.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Catalpa bungei, Cucumis sativus, Populus, gymnosperms and microalgae Ostrecococcus tauri; the target sequence is only weakly conserved in Physcomitrium patensSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from a highly conserved sequence of Lhb4 proteins from angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms, including Arabidopsis thaliana (Lhcb4.1 At5g01530 and Lhcb4.2 At3g08940 and Lhcb4.3 At2G40100).
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (please use AS06 117 for this organism)
Selected references:
Cazzaniga et al. (2022). Engineering astaxanthin accumulation reduces photoinhibition and increases biomass productivity under high light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod. 2022 Jul 11;15(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s13068-022-02173-3. PMID: 35820961; PMCID: PMC9277849.Bru, Steen, Park, et al. (2022) The major trimeric antenna complexes serve as a site for qH-energy dissipation in plants. J Biol Chem. 2022;298(11):102519. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102523Pavlovic & Kocab. (2021) Alternative oxidase (AOX) in the carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes: what is it good for? Ann Bot. 2021 Dec 18:mcab151. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcab151. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34922341.Fukura et al. (2021) Enrichment of chlorophyll catabolic enzymes in grana margins and their cooperation in catabolic reactions. J Plant Physiol. 2021 Nov;266:153535. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153535. Epub 2021 Sep 25. PMID: 34607178.Chen et al. (2021)Degradation of the photosystem II core complex is independent of chlorophyll degradation mediated by Stay-Green Mg2+ dechelatase in Arabidopsis,Plant Science,Volume 307,2021,110902,ISSN 0168-9452,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110902.
Special application note:
An overview about the different Lhc-protein types in plants can be found in Klimmek et al. (2006) Abundantly and rarely expressed Lhc protein genes exhibit distinct regulation patterns in plants. Plant Physiol 140: 793-804.Lhcb4 protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
Fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase) (EC=3.1.311) is one of the regulatory enzymes in the sucrose biosynthetic pathway. In non-photosynthetic tissues, it regulates the rate of gluconeogenesis. In photosynthetic tissues, two FBPase isozymes (chloroplastic and cytosolic) play key roles in carbon assimilation and metabolism. In photosynthetic tissues cFBPase (cytosolic fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase) converts triose phosphates from the chloroplast to sucrose during light hours. Alternative name: D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Capsella rubella, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sesamum indicum, Spinacia oleracea, Populus trichocarpa, Vitis viniferaSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Overexpressed cytosolic fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase (cFBPase) derived from the sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana cFBPase UniProt: Q9MA79, TAIR: AT1G43670
This antibody does not react with chloroplastic form of FBPase.Will this antibody be good as a cytosolic (non-microsomal control) in Arabidopsis thaliana roots? Although it has never been tested there is every likelihood that cFBPase will be expressed at reasonable levels even in roots. Even though the biosynthetic flux through to Sucrose may not be high as in mesophyll cells, central metabolism will still be active in young roots and the Sucrose etc being supplied externally still needs to be utilised.
Application Details:
1: 500 (IL), 1 : 5 000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
45 | 37 kDa (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Selected references:
Singh, Muthamilarasan, Prasad (2022). SiHSFA2e regulated expression of SisHSP21.9 maintains chloroplast proteome integrity under high temperature stress. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(11):580. Published 2022 Nov 3. doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04611-12Cui, Liu, Li, et al. (2022) The cellulose--lignin balance affects the twisted growth of Yunnan pine trunk. Authorea. October 10, 2022. DOI: 10.22541/au.166538021.18232197/v2Wang et al. (2022), Arabidopsis Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes UBC4, UBC5, and UBC6 Have Major Functions in Sugar Metabolism and Leaf Senescence, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11143; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911143He, Gao, Luo, et al. (2022) VAMP724 and VAMP726 are involved in autophagosome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana [published online ahead of print, 2022 Oct 13]. Autophagy. 2022;1-18. doi:10.1080/15548627.2022.2127240Lim et al (2022). Arabidopsis guard cell chloroplasts import cytosolic ATP for starch turnover and stomatal opening. Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 3;13(1):652. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28263-2. PMID: 35115512; PMCID: PMC8814037.
Special application note:
Kinetic and allosteric properties of the plant cytosolic FBPase are remarkably similar to the mammalian and yeast FBPase, but differ greatly from those of the chloroplastic FBPase. The antibody could detect FBPase from the human COS-7 cell line transfected with FBP1 expressing vector.This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested.
PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), EC=4.1.1.31, belongs to an enzyme family of carboxy-lyases that is catalyzing adding fo carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate. Alternative names: PEPCase 1, PEPCase 3, PEPC 1, PEPC 3
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°Cfor 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide well conserved PEPC1 and sequences from different plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana Q9MAH0, At1g53310 (PEPC 1), Q84VW9, At3g14940 (PEPC 3). The peptide chosen to elicit this antibody is also perfectly conserved in bacterial type of this enzyme NP_177043.2 (PEPC 4)
PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), EC=4,1,1,31, belongs to an enzyme family of carboxy-lyases that is catalyzing adding fo carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate, Alternative names: PEPCase 1, PEPCase 3, PEPC 1, PEPC 3.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid in PBS pH 7,4.
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°C for 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years. Store in provided dark tube and avoid direct light exposure. Shortly spin the tube before use.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide well conserved PEPC1 and sequences from different plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana Q9MAH0, At1g53310 (PEPC 1), Q84VW9, At3g14940 (PEPC 3). The peptide chosen to elicit this antibody is also perfectly conserved in bacterial type of this enzyme NP_177043.2 (PEPC 4). For Zea mays, the peptide is converved in PEP1 and PEP4 isoforms.
PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), EC=4,1,1,31, belongs to an enzyme family of carboxy-lyases that is catalyzing adding fo carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate, Alternative names: PEPCase 1, PEPCase 3, PEPC 1, PEPC 3.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid in PBS pH 7,4.
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°C for 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years. Store in provided dark tube and avoid direct light exposure. Shortly spin the tube before use.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide well conserved PEPC1 and sequences from different plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana Q9MAH0, At1g53310 (PEPC 1), Q84VW9, At3g14940 (PEPC 3). The peptide chosen to elicit this antibody is also perfectly conserved in bacterial type of this enzyme NP_177043.2 (PEPC 4). For Zea mays, the peptide is converved in PEP1 and PEP4 isoforms.
PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), EC=4,1,1,31, belongs to an enzyme family of carboxy-lyases that is catalyzing adding fo carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate, Alternative names: PEPCase 1, PEPCase 3, PEPC 1, PEPC 3.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid in PBS pH 7,4.
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°C for 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years. Store in provided dark tube and avoid direct light exposure. Shortly spin the tube before use.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide well conserved PEPC1 and sequences from different plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana Q9MAH0, At1g53310 (PEPC 1), Q84VW9, At3g14940 (PEPC 3). The peptide chosen to elicit this antibody is also perfectly conserved in bacterial type of this enzyme NP_177043.2 (PEPC 4). For Zea mays, the peptide is converved in PEP1 and PEP4 isoforms.
PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), EC=4.1.1.31, belongs to an enzyme family of carboxy-lyases that is catalyzing adding fo carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate. Alternative names: PEPCase 1, PEPCase 3, PEPC 1, PEPC 3
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°Cfor 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide well conserved PEPC1 and sequences from different plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana Q9MAH0, At1g53310 (PEPC 1), Q84VW9, At3g14940 (PEPC 3). The peptide chosen to elicit this antibody is also perfectly conserved in bacterial type of this enzyme NP_177043.2 (PEPC 4)
PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), EC=4.1.1.31, belongs to an enzyme family of carboxy-lyases that is catalyzing adding fo carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate. Alternative names: PEPCase 1, PEPCase 3, PEPC 1, PEPC 3
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube. Please do not re-use this primary antibody solution. In case of cyanobacterial samples there will be no signal in your second incubation.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide well conserved PEPC1 and sequences from different plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana Q9MAH0, At1g53310 (PEPC 1), Q84VW9, At3g14940 (PEPC 3). The peptide chosen to elicit this antibody is also perfectly conserved in bacterial type of this enzyme NP_177043.2 (PEPC 4). For Zea mays, the peptide is converved in PEP1 and PEP4 isoforms.
Antibody can be also used following 2D gel electrophoresis
Application Details:
1 : 500 (IL), 1: 1000 - : 10 000 (WB)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified serum in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
110 | 105 kDa
Not reactive in:
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus
Selected references:
Durall et al. (2021). Production of succinate by engineered strains of Synechocystis PCC 6803 overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and a glyoxylate shunt. Microb Cell Fact. 2021 Feb 8;20(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12934-021-01529-y. PMID: 33557832; PMCID: PMC7871529.Wang et al. (2021). Brassinosteroids inhibit miRNA-mediated translational repression by decreasing AGO1 on the endoplasmic reticulum. J Integr Plant Biol. 2021 May 21. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13139. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34020507.Rakhmankulova et al. (2021) Possible Activation of ?3 Photosynthesis in ?4 Halophyte Kochia prostrata Exposed to an Elevated Concentration of ??2. Russ J Plant Physiol 68, 1107–1114 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443721060169Durall et al. (2020). Increased ethylene production by overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2020 Jan 28;13:16. doi: 10.1186/s13068-020-1653-y. Kramer et al. (2020). N6?methyladenosine and RNA secondary structure affect transcript stability and protein abundance during systemic salt stress in Arabidopsis. Plant Direct . 2020 Jul 24;4(7):e00239.doi: 10.1002/pld3.239.
ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. F-type ATPases have two components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.Alternative names: ATPase subunit II, ATP synthase F(0) sector subunit b'
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Algae, Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays, Volvox carteri Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated mix of synthetic peptide derived from Arabidopsis thaliana AtpG Q0WMW8, At4g32260 and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ATP synthase subunit b' A8J785
Alpha-mannosidase cleaves the alpha form of mannose.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Canavalia ensiformis (common jack-bean)
Immunogen:
native alpha-mannosidase purified from jack beans
Applications:
ELISA (ELISA), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB)
The IgG (7S) fraction is prepared from the antiserum by ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography
Application Details:
1 : 1000-1 : 100 000 (ELISA), (IF), (IHC), (WB)
Purity:
Purified IgG in PBS.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 1 ml of sterile destilled water
Not reactive in:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Special application note:
Antibody potency and purity has been evaluated by immunoelectrophoresis, single radial immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony), ELISA,immunoblotting and enzyme inhibition
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone involved in different physiological responses as stimulation of the closure of stomata (water stress brings about an increase in ABA synthesis), iInhibition of shoot growth, and many others. ABA shown to have both inhibitory as well as many promoting functions.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Abscisic acid (C1) in Arabidopsis thaliana, Eucalyptus globulus, Petunia hybrida L., Pinus radiata, Populus trichocarpa
Expected Species:
Abscisic acid (C1)
Immunogen:
BSA-conjugated abscisic acid (C1) via C1 carboxyl group
The antibody will recognize either the ABA conjugated to glucose ester (ABA-GE) or the ABA precursor: abscisic acid aldehyde, ABA aldehyde is however not usually present in plant tissue similarly to ABA alcohol which is also reactive, The antibodies will predominantly recognize only ABA and its glucosylester
Application Details:
The optimal working dilution should be determined by the investigator
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS with 50 % glycerol.
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Wojciechowska et al. (2020). Abscisic Acid and Jasmonate Metabolisms Are Jointly Regulated During Senescence in Roots and Leaves of Populus trichocarpa. Int J Mol Sci , 21 (6) Dinis et al. (2018). Kaolin modulates ABA and IAA dynamics and physiology of grapevine under Mediterranean summer stress. J Plant Physiol. 2018 Jan;220:181-192. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.007. Kovaleva et al. (2017). ABA and IAA control microsporogenesis in Petunia hybrida L. Protoplasma. 2017 Nov 13. doi: 10.1007/s00709-017-1185-x. Escand n et al. (2016). Integrated physiological and hormonal profile of heat-induced thermotolerance in Pinus radiata. Tree Physiol. 2016 Jan;36(1):63-77. doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpv127. Epub 2016 Jan 12.Ondzighi-Assoume et al. (2016). Environmental Nitrate Stimulates Root Tip Abscisic Acid Accumulation via Release from Inactive Stores. Plant Cell. 2016 Feb 17. pii: TPC2015-00946-RA.Jesus et al. (2015). Salicylic acid application modulates physiological and hormonal changes in Eucalyptus globulus under water deficit. Environ and Exp Botany, Volume 118, October 2015, Pages 56–66.Lacuesta et al. (2013). Immunolocalization of IAA and ABA in roots and needles of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) during drought and rewatering. Tree Physiol. May;33(5):537-49.
PsaC is a conserved, chloroplast-encoded, Fe-S binding protein of approximately 10kDa, present in all known Photosystem I complexes. It is located on the stromal side of the thylacoid membranes. PsaC coordinates the Fe–S clusters FA and FB through two cysteine-rich domains.This product is a recombinant protein standard, source: Synechocystis PCC 6803.The PsaC protein standard can be used in combination with global anti-PsaC antibodies to quantitate PsaC from a wide range of species. Global antibodies are raised against highly conserved amino acid sequences in the PsaC protein.Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorial
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized in glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Protein standard buffer composition: Protein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50mM DTT.
Application Details:
Positive control: a 2 μL load per well is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems. Standard curve: 3 loads are recommended (eg. 0.5, 2 and 4μL). For most applications a sample load of 0.2 μg of chlorophyll will give a PsaC signal in this range. Exact loads can vary with the sensitivity of your system and the abundance of the target protein in your samples. Note: Optimal quantitation is achieved using moderate sample loads/well, generally 1 to 5 ug total protein. A trial experiment may be required i) to bring your sample load within the standard curve range and ii) to obtain a signal that is strong enough to reliably quantify but not so strong as to consume ECL reagents too quickly or saturate your detection system. These goals may achieved by adjusting both sample and standard loads.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 95 l of sterile water. Note that due to glycerol in buffer, the lyophilized product appears as a dense liquid rather than a powder. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently. Avoid vigorous vortexing, as buffer contains detergent. Upon reconstitution, this standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating. See additional Handling Instructions below. PsaC standard protein concentration: 0.10 pmol/ l.
Molecular Weight:
11,5 kDa (larger than native protein due to the addition of His-tag), In most gels PsaC migrates between 9 and 14 kDa
Selected references:
Pipitone et al. (2021). A multifaceted analysis reveals two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. Elife. 2021 Feb 25;10:e62709. doi: 10.7554/eLife.62709. PMID: 33629953; PMCID: PMC7906606.Rogowski et al. (2021) Light as a substrate: migration of LHCII antennas in extended Michaelis-Menten model for PSI kinetics. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2021 Dec;225:112336. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112336. Epub 2021 Oct 19. PMID: 34736069.Levitan et al. (2019). Structural and functional analyses of photosystem II in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 27;116(35):17316-17322. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906726116.Li et al. (2016). A Hard Day's Night: Diatoms Continue Recycling Photosystem II in the Dark. Front. Mar. Sci., 08 November 2016 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00218Vandenhecke et al. (2015). Changes in the Rubisco to photosystem ratio dominates photoacclimation across phytoplankton taxa. Photosynth Res. 2015 Apr 11.
Special application note:
Handling Instructions*IMPORTANT: In our experience, viscous liquids are surprisingly stable; insufficient mixing is the most common reason for unsatisfactory results. Following mixing, briefly pulse in a microcentrifuge to collect material from cap.Standard needs to be fully thawed and thoroughly mixed before each use. Proteins tend to stratify with the more dense layer after freezing. We recommend bringing the product to room temperature and either mixing by inverting or flicking tube 5-10 times. Pipetting up and down may also provide sufficient mixing, provided the tip is moved within the tube while taking up and expelling the liquid.
PsbB (CP47) is a chlorophyll-binding protein located in the membrane, where it serves as the core antenna of Photosystem II.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
This product can be sold containing ProClin if requestedin bis-tris gel systems PsbB protein migrates between 40-45 kDa
Application Details:
1: 10 000 (CN-PAGE), 1 : 2000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
56 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Vidal-Meireles, et al. (2023)The lifetime of the oxygen-evolving complex subunit PSBO depends on light intensity and carbon availability in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell Environ. 2023;46(2):422-439. doi:10.1111/pce.14483Miernicka et al. (2022) The Adjustment Strategy of Venus Flytrap Photosynthetic Apparatus to UV-A Radiation. Cells. 2022;11(19):3030. Published 2022 Sep 27. doi:10.3390/cells11193032Konert et al (2022). High-light-inducible proteins HliA and HliB: pigment binding and protein-protein interactions. Photosynth Res. 2022 Jun;152(3):317-332. doi: 10.1007/s11120-022-00904-z. Epub 2022 Feb 26. PMID: 35218444.Guardini et al. (2022). Loss of a single chlorophyll in CP29 triggers re-organization of the Photosystem II supramolecular assembly. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg. 2022 Jun 1;1863(5):148555. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148555. Epub 2022 Apr 2. PMID: 35378087.Xiong et al. (2022) a chloroplast nucleoid protein of bacterial origin linking chloroplast transcriptional and translational machineries, is required for proper chloroplast gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022 Jun 23;50(12):6715-34. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac501. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35736138; PMCID: PMC9262611.
Special application note:
This antibody can be used as a loading control for studies of PSIi or photosynthetic acclimation in diatoms Blommaert et al. 2017. Limnol. Oceanogr. DOI: 10.1002/lno.10511.This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested.
Rubisco (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of CO2 fixation in photosynthetic organisms. It is demonstrably homologous from purple bacteria to flowering plants and consists of two protein subunits, each present in 8 copies. In plants and green algae, the large subunit (~55 kDa) is coded by the chloroplast rbcL gene, and the small subunit (15 kDa) is coded by a family of nuclear rbcS genes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°Cfor 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years.
Aalpha proteobacteria, Algae (brown and red), Dicots, Beta-proteobacteria, Conifers, Cryptomonads, Cyanobacteria (prochlorophytes), Gamma-proeobacteria, Liverworts, Monocots, Mosses, Suaeda glauca, Welwitschia Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide conserved across all known plant, algal and (cyano)bacterial RbcL protein sequences (form I L8S8 and form II L2), including Arabidopsis thaliana AtCg00490, Hordeum vulgare P05698, Oryza sativa P0C510, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P00877, Synechococcus PCC 7920 A5CKC5
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Special application note:
Anti-RbcL can be used as a cellular [compartment marker] of plastid stroma (cytoplasm in cyanobacteria) and detects RbcL protein from 31,25 fmoles, As both forms (I and II) are detected it is suitable for work with samples from Dinoflagellates, Haptophytes and Ochrophytes (diatoms, Raphidophytes, brown algae) as well as higher plants, This antibody together with Agrisera Rubisco protein standard is very suitable to quantify Rubisco in plant and algal samples
UniProt number:
O03042 , P05698 , P0C510 , P00877
TAIR number:
ATCG00490
Research area:
Global Antibodies
Code:
Primconj10
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