Lhcb4 (CP29) is one of the 3 minor chlrorophyll a/b-binding proteins associated with Photosystem II in plants and algae. Lhcb4 has been suggested to act in the regulation of the chl a excited state concentration of PSII because of its ability of sensing lumenal pH resulting in reversible phosphorylation. In Arabidopsis thaliana 2 genes code for two isoforms Lhcb4.1 and Lhcb4.2. A third isoform (Lhcb4.3, At2g40100), probably only present in dicots, has found to be differently regulated and therefore has been denoted as Lhcb8.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Catalpa bungei, Cucumis sativus, Populus, gymnosperms and microalgae Ostrecococcus tauri; the target sequence is only weakly conserved in Physcomitrium patensSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from a highly conserved sequence of Lhb4 proteins from angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms, including Arabidopsis thaliana (Lhcb4.1 At5g01530 and Lhcb4.2 At3g08940 and Lhcb4.3 At2G40100).
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (please use AS06 117 for this organism)
Selected references:
Cazzaniga et al. (2022). Engineering astaxanthin accumulation reduces photoinhibition and increases biomass productivity under high light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod. 2022 Jul 11;15(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s13068-022-02173-3. PMID: 35820961; PMCID: PMC9277849.Bru, Steen, Park, et al. (2022) The major trimeric antenna complexes serve as a site for qH-energy dissipation in plants. J Biol Chem. 2022;298(11):102519. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102523Pavlovic & Kocab. (2021) Alternative oxidase (AOX) in the carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes: what is it good for? Ann Bot. 2021 Dec 18:mcab151. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcab151. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34922341.Fukura et al. (2021) Enrichment of chlorophyll catabolic enzymes in grana margins and their cooperation in catabolic reactions. J Plant Physiol. 2021 Nov;266:153535. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153535. Epub 2021 Sep 25. PMID: 34607178.Chen et al. (2021)Degradation of the photosystem II core complex is independent of chlorophyll degradation mediated by Stay-Green Mg2+ dechelatase in Arabidopsis,Plant Science,Volume 307,2021,110902,ISSN 0168-9452,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110902.
Special application note:
An overview about the different Lhc-protein types in plants can be found in Klimmek et al. (2006) Abundantly and rarely expressed Lhc protein genes exhibit distinct regulation patterns in plants. Plant Physiol 140: 793-804.Lhcb4 protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
The light-harvesting protein Lhca2 is one of the four main and highly conserved types of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (Lhca1-4) of the light harvesting antenna (LHCI) of plant photosystem I. Lhca2 is imported as a precursor from the cytosol into the chloroplast. Upon integration in the thylakoid membrane Lhca2 forms a heterodimer (LHCI-680) with Lhca3 that associates with the PSI core close to PsaF and PsaK.A biochemical characterization of the plant LHCI antenna can be found in Klimmek et al. (2005) The structure of the higher plant light harvesting complex I: in vivo characterization and structural interdependence of the Lhca proteins. Biochemistry 44: 3065–3073.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arachis hypogaea, Bryopsis corticulans, Colobanthus quitensis Kunt Bartl, Chlamydomonas reinhardti (one Lhca-type), Citrus reticulata, Chromochloris zofingiensis, Cytisus cantabricus (Wilk.) Rchb. F., Hieracium pilosella L, Hordeum vulgare, Lasallia hispanica, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physcomitrium patens, Pinus banksiana (the higher of the two bands detected at 24 and 30 kDa is not considered to be specific to any Lhc protein), Posidonia oceanica, Prasinoderma sp., Pyramimonas sp. Spinacia oleracea, Syntrichia muralis (Hedw.) Raab, Triticum aestivum, Triticale, Zea mays
Expected Species:
Dicots, Gymnosperms
Immunogen:
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from the Lhca2 protein of Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: Q9SYW8, Q8LCQ4, TAIR: At3g61470. This sequence is highly conserved in Lhca2 proteins of angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms as well as in At1g19150. This gene codes for the very low expressed Lhca6 protein which also has been denoted as Lhca2*1.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Sarvari et al. (2022). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thylakoid complexes separated by Blue Native PAGE. Plant Methods. 2022 Mar 3;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13007-022-00858-2. PMID: 35241118; PMCID: PMC8895881.Fukura et al. (2021) Enrichment of chlorophyll catabolic enzymes in grana margins and their cooperation in catabolic reactions. J Plant Physiol. 2021 Nov;266:153535. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153535. Epub 2021 Sep 25. PMID: 34607178.Zhu et al. (2020). A NAC transcription factor and its interaction protein hinder abscisic acid biosynthesis by synergistically repressing NCED5 in Citrus reticulata. J Exp Bot. 2020 Jun 22;71(12):3613-3625.doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa118. Their et al. (2020). VIPP2 interacts with VIPP1 and HSP22E/F at chloroplast membranes and modulates a retrograde signal for HSP22E/F gene expression. Plant Cell Environ. 2020 Jan 29. doi: 10.1111/pce.13732.Vojta and Fulgosi (2019). Topology of TROL protein in thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant. 2019 Jan 20. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12927.
Special application note:
Antibody format is a total IgG fraction, which means that it is a pool of polyclonal antibodies obtained by purification of serum on Protein G, not on a specific antigen column.
Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) is an important enzyme for plant protection against environmental stress. It functions in plant defense reactions in the conversion of glutathione disulphide to reduced glutathione (GSH).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
This antibody will recognize the chloroplastic and cytoplasmic forms of the enzyme
Application Details:
2 g (IP), 1 : 1000 (IL), 1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
54 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Bekturova et al. (2021) APS reductase and sulfite oxidase regulate sulfite-induced water loss in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot. 2021 Jun 9:erab249. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab249. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34107028.Zhong et al. (2020). Proteomic Analysis of Irradiation with Millimeter Waves on Soybean Growth under Flooding Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 12;21(2). pii: E486. doi: 10.3390/ijms21020486.Ameri et al. (2020). Aluminium triggers oxidative stress and antioxidant response in the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. J Plant Physiol. 2020 Jan 15;246-247:153114. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153114.Zhong et al. (2019). Phosphoproteomics Reveals the Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites in Catharanthus roseus under Ultraviolet-B Radiation. J Proteome Res. 2019 Aug 7. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00267.Bal žov et al. (2018). Zinc oxide nanoparticles phytotoxicity on halophyte from genus Salicornia. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Sep;130:30-42. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.013.
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is part of the mitochondrial enzyme complex.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
This antibody can be used on total leaf extracts and isolated mitochondria
Application Details:
1: 1000 to 1 : 5 000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
53 kDa (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Li et al. (2021) Isolation and comparative proteomic analysis of mitochondria from the pulp of ripening citrus fruit. Hortic Res. 2021 Feb 1;8(1):31. doi: 10.1038/s41438-021-00470-w. PMID: 33518707; PMCID: PMC7848011.Guo et al. (2021) The pentatricopeptide repeat protein GEND1 is required for root development and high temperature tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana,Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,Volume 578,2021,Pages 63-69,ISSN 0006-291X,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.022.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X21013164)Rurek et al. (2018). Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Diverse Cauliflower Cultivars under Mild and Severe Drought. Impaired Coordination of Selected Transcript and Proteomic Responses, and Regulation of Various Multifunctional Proteins, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(4), 1130; doi:10.3390/ijms19041130 (Special issue: Plant Mitochondria)Rurek et al. (2018). Cold and Heat Stress Diversely Alter Both Cauliflower Respiration and Distinct Mitochondrial Proteins Including OXPHOS Components and Matrix Enzymes, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(3), 877; doi:10.3390/ijms19030877 (Special issue: Plant Mitochondria)Yin et al. (2016). Comprehensive Mitochondrial Metabolic Shift during the Critical Node of Seed Ageing in Rice. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 28;11(4):e0148013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148013. eCollection 2016.
The light-harvesting protein Lhca4 is one of the four main and highly conserved types of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (Lhca1-4) of the light harvesting antenna (LHCI) of plant photosystem I. Lhca4 is imported as a precursor from the cytosol into the chloroplast. Upon insertion into the thylakoid membrane Lhca4 forms a heterodimer (LHCI-730) with Lhca1 that associates with the PSI core close to PsaG and PsaF.A biochemical characterization of the plant LHCI antenna can be found in Klimmek et al. (2005) The structure of the higher plant light harvesting complex I: in vivo characterization and structural interdependence of the Lhca proteins. Biochemistry 44: 3065–3073.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from the Lhca4 protein ofArabidopsis thaliana UniProt: P27521, TAIR: At3g47470. This sequence is highly conserved in Lhca4 proteins of angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms.
Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
Application Details:
1 : 2000-1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
27.7 | 21 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Sarvari et al. (2022). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thylakoid complexes separated by Blue Native PAGE. Plant Methods. 2022 Mar 3;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13007-022-00858-2. PMID: 35241118; PMCID: PMC8895881.Ivanov et al. (2022) The decreased PG content of pgp1 inhibits PSI photochemistry and limits reaction center and light-harvesting polypeptide accumulation in response to cold acclimation. Planta 255, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03819-0Zhu et al. (2020). A NAC transcription factor and its interaction protein hinder abscisic acid biosynthesis by synergistically repressing NCED5 in Citrus reticulata. J Exp Bot. 2020 Jun 22;71(12):3613-3625.doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa118. Forlani et al. (2020. HEBE, a novel positive regulator of senescence in Solanum lycopersicum. Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 3;10(1):11021.doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67937-z. Chen et al. (2019). Effects of Stripe Rust Infection on the Levels of Redox Balance and Photosynthetic Capacities in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 31;21(1). pii: E268. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010268.
The light-harvesting protein Lhca3 is one of the four main and highly conserved types of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (Lhca1-4) of the light harvesting antenna (LHCI) of plant photosystem I. Lhca3 is imported as a precursor from the cytosol into the chloroplast. Upon integration in the thylakoid membrane Lhca3 forms a heterodimer (LHCI-680) with Lhca2 that associates with the PSI core close to PsaF and PsaK.A biochemical characterization of the plant LHCI antenna can be found in Klimmek et al. (2005) The structure of the higher plant light harvesting complex I: in vivo characterization and structural interdependence of the Lhca proteins. Biochemistry 44: 3065–3073.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide derived from the Lhca3 protein sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: Q9SY97, TAIR: At1g61520. This sequence is highly conserved in Lhcb3 proteins from angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms.
Protein is processed into mature form (Jansson 1999).
Application Details:
1 : 2000-1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
29 | 25 kDa for Arabidopsis thaliana (due to a transit peptide being cleaved off)
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Sarvari et al. (2022). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thylakoid complexes separated by Blue Native PAGE. Plant Methods. 2022 Mar 3;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13007-022-00858-2. PMID: 35241118; PMCID: PMC8895881.Zhu et al. (2020). A NAC transcription factor and its interaction protein hinder abscisic acid biosynthesis by synergistically repressing NCED5 in Citrus reticulata. J Exp Bot. 2020 Jun 22;71(12):3613-3625.doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa118. Chen et al. (2019). Effects of Stripe Rust Infection on the Levels of Redox Balance and Photosynthetic Capacities in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 31;21(1). pii: E268. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010268.Mao et al. (2018). Comparison on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 2;19(10). pii: E3006. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103006.Li et al. (2018). Modulating plant growth-metabolism coordination for sustainable agriculture. Nature. 2018 Aug 15. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0415-5.
The microtubules are intracellular dynamic polymers made up of evolutionarily conserved polymorphic alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimers and a large number of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The microtubules consist of 13 protofilaments and have an outer diameter 25 nm. Microtubules have their intrinsic polarity; highly dynamic plus ends and less dynamic minus ends. Microtubules are required for vital processes in eukaryotic cells including mitosis, meiosis, maintenance of cell shape and intracellular transport. Microtubules are also necessary for movement of cells by means of flagella and cilia. In mammalian tissue culture cells microtubules have their minus ends anchored in microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). The GTP (guanosintriphosphate) molecule is an essential for tubulin heterodimer to associate with other heterodimers to form microtubule. In vivo, microtubule dynamics vary considerably. Microtubule polymerization is reversible and a populations of microtubules in cells are on their minus ends either growing or shortening – this phenomenon is called dynamic instability of microtubules. On a practical level, microtubules can easily be stabilized by the addition of non-hydrolysable analogues of GTP (eg. GMPPCP) or more commonly by anti-cancer drugs such as Taxol. Taxol stabilizes microtubules at room temperature for many hours. Using limited proteolysis by enzymes both tubulin subunits can be divided into N-terminal and C-terminal structural domains.
The beta-tubulin (relative molecular weight around 50 kDa) is counterpart of alpha-tubulin in tubulin heterodimer. It is coded by multiple tubulin genes and it is also posttranslationally modified. Heterogeneity of subunit is concentrated in C-terminal structural domain.
Antibody Isotype:
IgM
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
TU-06
Concentration:
1 mg/ml
Storage buffer:
Tris buffered saline (TBS) solution with 15 mM sodium azide
Tubulin alpha (TUA) together with beta tubulin is making up microtubules. The microtubules are intracellular dynamic polymers made up of evolutionarily conserved polymorphic alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimers and a large number of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The microtubules consist of 13 protofilaments and have an outer diameter 25 nm. Microtubules have their intrinsic polarity; highly dynamic plus ends and less dynamic minus ends. Microtubules are required for vital processes in eukaryotic cells including mitosis, meiosis, maintenance of cell shape and intracellular transport.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Liquid at 1 mg/ml.
Storage Temp:
Store in the dark at 2-8°C. Do not freeze. Avoid prolonged exposure to light. Do not use after expiration date stamped on vial label. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
The antibody TU-01 recognizes a defined epitope (aa 65-97) on N-terminal structural domain of alpha-tubulin. The microtubules are intracellular dynamic polymers made up of evolutionarily conserved polymorphic alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimers and a large number of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The microtubules consist of 13 protofilaments and have an outer diameter 25 nm. Microtubules have their intrinsic polarity; highly dynamic plus ends and less dynamic minus ends. Microtubules are required for vital processes in eukaryotic cells including mitosis, meiosis, maintenance of cell shape and intracellular transport. Microtubules are also necessary for movement of cells by means of flagella and cilia. In mammalian tissue culture cells microtubules have their minus ends anchored in microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). The GTP (guanosintriphosphate) molecule is an essential for tubulin heterodimer to associate with other heterodimers to form microtubule. In vivo, microtubule dynamics vary considerably. Microtubule polymerization is reversible and a populations of microtubules in cells are on their minus ends either growing or shortening – this phenomenon is called dynamic instability of microtubules. On a practical level, microtubules can easily be stabilized by the addition of non-hydrolysable analogues of GTP (eg. GMPPCP) or more commonly by anti-cancer drugs such as Taxol. Taxol stabilizes microtubules at room temperature for many hours. Using limited proteolysis by enzymes both tubulin subunits can be divided into N-terminal and C-terminal structural domains. The alpha-tubulin (relative molecular weight around 50 kDa) is globular protein that exists in cells as part of soluble alpha/beta-tubulin dimer or it is polymerized into microtubules. In different species it is coded by multiple tubulin genes that form tubulin classes (in human 6 genes). Expressed tubulin genes are named tubulin isotypes. Some of the tubulin isotypes are expressed ubiquitously, while some have more restricted tissue expression. Alpha-tubulin is also subject of numerous post-translational modifications. Tubulin isotypes and their posttranslational modifications are responsible for multiple tubulin charge variants - tubulin isoforms. Heterogeneity of alpha-tubulin is concentrated in C-terminal structural domain.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
TU-01
Concentration:
1 mg/ml
Storage buffer:
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution with 15 mM sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Viklicky V, et al. Cell Biol Int Rep. 1982 Aug;6(8):725-31
References 2:
Grimm M, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Jul 24;914(1):83-8.
References 3:
Linhartova I, et al. Biochem J. 1992 Dec 15;288 ( Pt 3):919-24.
References 4:
Draber P, et al. Eur J Cell Biol. 1986 Jun;41(1):82-8
Tubulin alpha (TUA) together with beta tubulin is making up microtubules. The microtubules are intracellular dynamic polymers made up of evolutionarily conserved polymorphic alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimers and a large number of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The microtubules consist of 13 protofilaments and have an outer diameter 25 nm. Microtubules have their intrinsic polarity; highly dynamic plus ends and less dynamic minus ends. Microtubules are required for vital processes in eukaryotic cells including mitosis, meiosis, maintenance of cell shape and intracellular transport.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Liquid at 1 mg/ml.
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Do not freeze. Do not use after expiration date stamped on the label. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Conjugated with biotin-LC-NHS under optimum conditions and free of unconjugated biotin
Molecular Weight:
50 | 54 kDa
Selected references:
To be added when available, antibody released in October 2021.
Special application note:
This antibody is recognizing a defined epitope (aa 65-97) on N-terminal structural domain of alpha-tubulin 1, UniProt: Q71U36
UniProt number:
Q71U36
Research area:
Arabidopsis thaliana antibodies
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